转基因苜蓿研究进展

就苜蓿基因工程在育种上的研究、转基因技术在苜蓿上的进展做了简要介绍。     

Designating a greenbelt around the city of Riga, Latvia

Latvian legislation demands that forest protection belts are established around all cities and towns. The main goal of a protection belt is to provide suitable opportunities for recreation to urban dwellers and to minimise any negative impacts caused by urban areas on the surrounding environment. Legislation states the main principles to be adopted, which include the maximum area of protection belts, their integration in territorial development plans and restrictions placed on forest management activities. The largest part of the forest area around Riga is owned by the municipality of Riga, which, as a result, has two competing interests: to satisfy the recreational needs of the inhabitants of Riga, and to maximise the income from its property. In order to compile sufficient background information to solve this problem, the Board of Forests of Riga Municipality initiated the preparation of a proposal for the designation of a new protection belt.The proposal was based on the development and application of a theoretical framework developed during the 1980s. The analysis of the recreational value of the forest (5 classes of attractiveness) was carried out based on categories of forest type, dominant tree species, dominant age, stand density, distance from urban areas and the presence of attractive objects. Information was derived from forest inventory databases, digital forest maps and topographic maps. Additional information was digitised and processed using ArcView GIS 3.2. Local foresters were asked about the recreation factors unique to different locations, such as the number of visitors and the main recreation activities. From a recreational point of view and taking into account legal restrictions and development plans for the Riga region, it was proposed to create three types of zones in the forest: a protection belt, visually sensitive areas and non-restricted areas.     

不同碳源对虎奶菇菌核蛋白质营养价值的影响

测定了四种碳源对虎奶菇菌核蛋白质营养价值的影响。结果表明，以玉米淀粉为碳源，虎奶薅菌蛋白质的化学评分，必需氨基酸指数，生物价和营养指数分别为11．63、69．80、64．40和9．98，均居四种参试碳源的第一位；氨基酸评分和氨基酸比值系数分分别为14．55和12．45，均居四种参试碳源的第二位，这些结果证实，以玉米淀粉为碳源，虎奶菇菌核蛋白质营养价值高，值得推广应用。     

双孢蘑菇性亲和性相关分子标记的初步筛选

以传统的形态，生理生化分析和最新的DCS－PDMA性亲和性测定方法为基础， 结合群体分离分析和RAPD技术来源于同一双孢蘑菇异核体菌株的12个不育同核原生质体个体进行分析，筛选与性亲和性相关的分子标记。研究结果表明，供试的12个不育同核原生质体个体被分成两大类性亲和性类型，其中一类（A^ ）包括不育同核原生质体个体B、C、D、E、F、G、H、I、J、L，另一类（A^-）则仅仅包括不育同核原生质体个体K和M，同时筛选到一个与性亲和性相关的分子标记OPA16 1500。从而为间地利用双孢蘑菇本身特有的交配型作标记来指导杂交育种工作和进一步将性亲和性基因定位分离克隆奠定了坚实的基础。     

苹果梨的育种价值

该文指出,苹果梨综合性状优良,是很好的梨育种种质资源;以苹果梨及其后代为亲本已选育出30余个新品种,大大丰富了梨种质资源;苹果梨的大果、耐贮、小果心、抗寒等优良性状在后代品种中有较强的表现;以苹果梨与多倍体品种杂交后代为多倍体的比率较高。并展望了苹果梨在今后育种中的主要研究方向。     

广东优质籼稻抗稻瘟病育种研究进展

通过对广东优质籼稻品种抗瘟性研究、抗病品种的系谱分析以及抗病育种实践的回顾，综述了广东优质稻抗性育种历史及现状，剖析了优质稻抗瘟育种存在的问题及相应对策。提出开发利用不同稻作系统的抗病资源，构建遗传多样性丰富的抗病优质种质，延长品种抗性寿命及解决品种优质与抗病的矛盾。     

鹰嘴豆生物学特性及应用价值

鹰嘴豆是一种具有较高价值的经济植物.本文论述鹰嘴豆的生物学特性、营养成分、经济价值及开发应用前景.     

苹果早熟新品种‘早翠绿’选育

早翠绿是以辽伏为母本,岱绿为父本杂交育成的早熟苹果新品种。果实圆形或圆锥形,平均单果重151.3g,最大204g,7月中下旬成熟,果皮绿色,肉质细脆汁多,酸甜适口,香味浓,较耐贮藏,早果,丰产。     

The potential for the Rapid Screening of Potato Cultivars (Solanum tuberosum) for Resistance to Powdery Scab (Spongospora subterranea) using a Laboratory Bioassay

Powdery scab of potato, once established in a field, is difficult to control because of the longevity of the resting spores (cystosori) of the causal organism, Spongospora subterranea f.sp. subterranea. Host resistance is likely to be the most efficient in a long-term control strategy for preventing build-up of field inoculum and spread of the disease. Resistance screening of potato cultivars is mostly done in laborious field trials where disease development is likely to be unpredictable. A bioassay with potato tissue cultured plantlets and cystosori as inoculum is described and was tested for its potential to screen potato cultivars at an early stage for their relative susceptibility to powdery scab by comparing the lab results with field data. With cystosori inoculum of Swiss origin, the laboratory test showed clear differences between the potato cultivars in the severity of zoosporangial root infection which correlated better with ranked tuber infection data, compared to root galling. There are apparent differences in the relative trends in susceptibility between roots and tubers of five selected cultivars when using naturally infested soil instead of prepared cystosori as inoculum in the lab bioassay. Furthermore, differences in the severity of zoosporangial root infection of two selected cultivars were found when cystosori from different countries where used as inoculum. A possible host genotype × pathogen interaction is discussed. The bioassay has the potential to screen and select for resistant material at an early breeding stage thus making field trials not unnecessary but more economical. It will allow the use of a standard set of pathogen collections and facilitate testing for inoculum virulence in infested soils.     

植物空间诱变育种及其在牧草上的应用

近年来,空间诱变育种已成为空间生命科学研究方面的重要内容之一,即经过卫星搭载,生物在高真空、微重力、强辐射及其他因素的综合作用下产生变异,经过地面选育、筛选和固定变异,培育新品种.在植物方面,国内外已利用该技术培育了粮食作物、经济作物、花卉及菌类等高产、优质新品种(系).空间诱变育种技术开创了育种的又一新途径,其在牧草育种的应用还不多,但前景广阔.