大豆活性肽对肉鸡肠道黏膜结构的影响

将500只1日龄艾维茵肉鸡随机分为5组,即分别饲喂添加80、120和200g/kg大豆活性肽的日粮、添加抗生素的日粮和基础日粮。在28、49日龄取材,采用组织切片及组织化学染色方法检测肉鸡十二指肠、空肠、盲肠的绒毛长度与隐窝深度比值、杯状细胞数量,观察大豆活性肽对肉鸡肠道黏膜结构的影响,进而研究大豆活性肽对肉鸡消化能力的作用。结果表明:日粮中添加80￣120g/kg的大豆活性肽能够提高肉鸡生长初期的肠道杯状细胞数量,增加肉鸡肠道绒毛长度/隐窝深度比值。     

固体核磁共振法对低甲醛释放脲醛树脂化学结构的研究

在采用液体核磁对3种低甲醛释放脲醛树脂化学构造进行分析的基础上,利用13CCP/MASNMR对脲醛树脂固化产物的化学结构进行了研究.结果表明,不同固化体系下,3种低甲醛释放脲醛树脂胶黏剂的固化历程不同,固化后树脂的结构有所差别.不添加固化剂时,脲醛树脂的固化交联反应程度低,固化产物中羟甲基含量高,甲醛释放量也随之增加.加入固化剂后,促进了羟甲基的固化交联反应,脲醛树脂固化产物中羟甲基含量普遍降低.3种固化体系下,UF-3羟甲基含量最高;在氯化铵为固化剂的条件下,UF-2羟甲基含量最低,为0.0582;不添加固化剂和复合固化体系条件下,UF-1羟甲基含量最低,分别为0.0784和0.0713.不同固化体系对不同种类脲醛树脂的固化效果不同,固化后树脂的结构不同,其力学性能和甲醛释放能力也不同.     

猪衣原体感染的血清学调查报告

通过对平顶山地区6个县(市)29个猪场的3000头种猪血清进行鹦鹉热衣原体的间接血凝(IHA)抗体的检测。结果显示,血清的阳性率为3.2%～8%,平均为4.8%,猪场的阳性率为65%,该病在本地区较为普遍。     

C18-磁性纳米颗粒萃取虾肉中氯霉素残留

建立了一种用C18键合磁珠固相萃取虾肉中氯霉素残留的方法。在Fe3O4超顺磁性纳米颗粒的表面键合C18基团,制备双功能反相萃取颗粒。用该颗粒对样品中的氯霉素残留进行固相萃取,对结合时间、温度、磁珠用量等因素进行了优化,建立磁珠法兽药残留固相萃取方法。用标准方法(SN/T 1864-2007)对萃取所得产物进行检测。经过优化,C18键合磁珠的最佳萃取条件为50℃结合5 min,用1 mL甲醇洗脱3次。检测结果显示该方法具有良好的精密度和回收率。在0.1～10μg/kg之间具有良好的线性关系,相关系数为0.9941,检出限为0.1μg/kg。该方法灵敏度高、重现性好、准确度高,可满足虾肉中氯霉素残留检测的需要。     

我国西藏四种植物染色体数目观察

本文对西藏四种植物进行染色体观察，这四种植物的染色体数目均为国内外首次报道。     

宁夏典型草原不同退耕年限草地植物-土壤生态化学计量特征

为了研究宁夏典型草原不同退耕年限草地优势植物及土壤 C、N、P化学计量特征,本研究以宁夏南部典型草原区退耕草地为对象,分别对退耕0、1、3、5、6、8、11、15、20年草地优势植物及土壤碳、氮、磷等生态化学计量特征进行研究。结果表明,各植物全氮含量均表现为地上部分大于地下部分,且猪毛蒿整体全氮含量较其他植物高。全磷含量除赖草外也表现为地上部分大于地下部分。退耕1年狗尾草和退耕3年赖草有机碳含量表现为地下部分大于地上部分,其余各退耕年限地上部分大于地下部分。优势植物C∶N、C∶P、N∶P整体表现为退耕20年长芒草最大。赖草和猪毛蒿最小。退耕6年以上20年以内土壤有机碳含量由表层向深层逐层递减;全氮含量退耕0~6年呈波动式变化,退耕8年后全氮含量由表层向深层逐层递减;全磷含量变化趋势与全氮相同。研究区土壤C∶N变化范围为7.08~19.62,C∶P变化范围为6.60~35.25,N∶P变化范围为0.82~2.17。各层土壤C∶N平均值变化范围为11.18~15.03,C∶P平均值变化范围为14.09~24.55,N∶P平均值变化范围为1.06~1.98;除C∶N接近我国土壤C∶N均值外,研究区土壤C∶P和N∶P均低于我国土壤C∶P和N∶P均值。并且相应地表优势植物C∶N、C∶P、N∶P明显高于表层土壤。本研究中土壤C∶N与土壤有机碳之间相关性不显著,与全N呈负相关,意味着C∶N主要受N控制,而C∶P与有机碳呈显著正相关,与全P相关性不显著。土壤N∶P与土壤全N含量呈显著正相关,与土壤全P含量相关性不显著,说明主要受N控制,而土壤全N含量随退耕年限的增加呈波动式上升趋势。植物与土壤碳、氮、磷相关性显示:植物全N与土壤N之间相关性不显著(P>0.05),植物全P与土壤全N、全P呈极显著的相关关系(P<0.01),与土壤有机碳和N∶P呈显著的相关关系(P<0.05)。     

Rearrangement of bacterial community structure during peat diagenesis

The relationship between microbial diagenesis of Sphagnum peat (SP) and reed-sedge peat (RSP) and the spatial organization of peat bacterial communities was studied. Peats were aerobically incubated at 18-22 °C for 4 months. Changes in molecular composition of peat organic matter were monitored with solid-state ¹³C NMR, and the respective amount of functional groups was determined by integration of corresponding peaks. No abiotic peat transformation was detected. SP diagenesis caused about a 4% loss of parent materials with a similar yield of ketones, phenols, aromatic, and carbonyl compounds; whereas about 20% of RSP carbohydrates, along with ketones and methoxyl compounds were gradually transformed into carbonyl and aliphatic compounds. SP and RSP substantially varied in bacterial composition. To address spatial community structure, bacterial populations were dissected by a differential elution technique into three fractions based on the degree of their attachment to peat. Community composition was surveyed with T-RFLP (HhaI, MspI, and RsaI). The fragments were further attributed to freely-dispersed (FD), particle-associated (PA), or omnipresent (OMN) bacterial fractions. In both peats, bacterial communities have gradually shifted with the progress of diagenesis. In SP, numbers of exclusively FD or PA bacteria slightly decreased while in RSP their numbers more than doubled after 4-month incubation, and the number of OMN bacteria respectively decreased. The substantially greater changes in the spatial structure of RSP bacterial community compared to SP were consistent with the chemical transformations detected in these peats suggesting the diagenesis-driven divergence of RSP bacterial community into FD and PA sub-communities.     

Measurement of C‐peptide concentrations and responses to somatostatin,glucose infusion,and insulin resistance in horses

Reasons for performing study: Hyperinsulinaemia is detected in horses with insulin resistance (IR) and has previously been attributed to increased pancreatic insulin secretion. Connecting peptide (C‐peptide) can be measured to assess pancreatic function because it is secreted in equimolar amounts with insulin and does not undergo hepatic clearance. Hypothesis: A human double antibody radioimmunoassay (RIA) detects C‐peptide in equine serum and concentrations would reflect responses to different stimuli and conditions. Methods: A validation procedure was performed to assess the RIA. Six mature mares were selected and somatostatin administered i.v. as a primed continuous rate infusion, followed by 50 nmol human C‐peptide i.v. Insulin and C‐peptide concentrations were measured in horses (n = 6) undergoing an insulin‐modified frequently sampled i.v. glucose tolerance test, and in horses with insulin resistance (n = 10) or normal insulin sensitivity (n = 20). Results: A human RIA was validated for use with equine sera. Endogenous C‐peptide secretion was suppressed by somatostatin and median (range) clearance rate was 0.83 (0.15–1.61) ml/min/kg bwt. Mean ± s.d. C‐peptide‐to‐insulin ratio significantly (P = 0.004) decreased during the glucose tolerance test from 3.60 ± 1.95 prior to infusion to 1.03 ± 0.18 during the first 20 min following dextrose administration. Median C‐peptide and insulin concentrations were 1.5‐ and 9.5‐fold higher, respectively in horses with IR, compared with healthy horses. Conclusions: Endogenous C‐peptide secretion decreases in response to somatostatin and increases after dextrose infusion. Results suggest that relative insulin clearance decreases as pancreatic secretion increases in response to dextrose infusion. Hyperinsulinaemia in insulin resistant horses may be associated with both increased insulin secretion and decreased insulin clearance. Potential relevance: Both C‐peptide and insulin concentrations should be measured to assess pancreatic secretion and insulin clearance in horses.     

与鸭C4结合蛋白互作的鸭疫里默菌外膜蛋白的筛选及鉴定

旨在筛选并鉴定与鸭C4结合蛋白（C4b-binding protein,C4BP）互作的鸭疫里默氏菌（Riemerella anatipestifer,R.anatipestifer）外膜蛋白。本研究将保存的R.anatipestifer复苏培养,提取外膜蛋白,以鸭C4BPα作为诱饵蛋白进行His pull-down及LC-MS/MS蛋白质谱鉴定,筛选与鸭C4BP可能发生互作的候选外膜蛋白;将各候选蛋白进行克隆、原核表达,免疫小鼠制备多克隆抗体,利用Far-western blot验证与鸭C4BP发生相互作用的R.anatipestifer外膜蛋白;针对候选蛋白及C4BPα各功能结构域进行克隆及原核表达,利用Far-western blot鉴定候选蛋白及与C4BP的相互作用位点;利用ELISA对补体因子C3b、C4b及C4BP在R.anatipestifer表面沉积情况进行测定,验证候选蛋白的功能。结果显示,经His pull-down及LC-MS/MS蛋白质谱分析,共筛选出3个与鸭C4BP发生相互作用的R.anatipestifer外膜蛋白,即ECE-1、SODs和Omp62;成功获得3个外膜蛋白多克隆抗体,ELISA检测3种多克隆抗体效价均超过1∶6 400,Western blot检测3种多克隆抗体可以与重组蛋白发生特异性反应;Far-western blot结果显示,仅ECE-1能够与C4BP发生相互作用,并且只有ECE-1全长能与鸭C4BP相互作用,而鸭C4BP与ECE-1的相互作用区域位于C4BPα的SCR 2和SCR 3;当健康鸭血清稀释度为3.125%时,ECE-1抗体能够显著促进补体因子C3b、C4b在R.anatipestifer表面的沉积作用（P<0.05）,当健康鸭血清稀释度为6.25%时,ECE-1抗体能够显著抑制C4BP在R.anatipestifer表面的沉积作用（P<0.05）。本研究成功筛选并鉴定出1个与C4BP互作的R.anatipestifer外膜蛋白ECE-1,为进一步阐明R.anatipestifer免疫逃逸机制奠定了基础。     

山西铁杆蒿草地群落碳、氮密度区域差异及其驱动因素

为明确山西铁杆蒿（Artemisia sacrorum）群落碳、氮密度的区域差异,以及导致这种空间变化的驱动因素,本试验以山西省铁杆蒿草地群落为研究对象,通过测定晋北半干旱地区和晋南半湿润地区铁杆蒿群落的碳（C）、氮（N）密度,分析了其与年均气温、年降水量、土壤理化性质和地上、地下生物量等生态因子的相关性。结果表明：山西南北铁杆蒿群落碳、氮密度空间分布存在差异,晋南地区铁杆蒿群落的群落碳、氮密度分别为651.83 g C·m^-2和20.63 g N·m^-2,晋北地区铁杆蒿群落的群落碳、氮密度分别为418.89 g C·m^-2和13.90 g N·m^-2。以群落各组分碳、氮密度代表样点进行RDA（Redundancy analysis）冗余分析排序得出造成两地区群落碳、氮密度分异的主要生态因子均为地上生物量、地下生物量、年均气温、年降水量、土壤有机碳含量以及土壤砾石比。可见,山西晋南和晋北地区铁杆蒿群落碳、氮密度空间分布存在差异,不同气候区铁杆蒿群落碳、氮密度空间差异与生物量的积累密切相关,驱动晋南和晋北地区铁杆蒿群落碳氮密度分异的环境因素为年均气温、年降水量、土壤有机碳含量以及土壤砾石比。