超高效液相色谱串联飞行时间质谱法检测黑水虻产品中黄曲霉毒素B1

本研究建立了黑水虻产品中黄曲霉毒素B1(AFB1)的超高效液相色谱串联四级杆飞行时间质谱测定方法,对黑水虻幼虫粉中AFB1的提取、超高效液相色谱串联质谱检测条件进行了优化。使用甲醇-水溶液(8:2,体积比),添加7%氯化钠对黑水虻幼虫粉中AFB1进行提取,免疫亲和柱净化,甲醇-乙酸铵(10 mmol/L)水溶液作为流动相进行梯度洗脱,电喷雾离子源(ESI)正离子模式检测,7.0 min出峰。结果表明:AFB1在1~20μg/kg浓度范围内线性关系良好,相关系数大于0.999,幼虫粉回收率为83.1%~118.3%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为6%~10%;虫粪回收率为76.6%~114.1%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为0~3%;检出限(LOD,S/N≥3)为0.01μg/kg,定量限(LOQ,S/N≥10)为0.05μg/kg。该方法操作简单、结果准确,可以用于黑水虻幼虫粉和虫粪产品中AFB1的检测。     

Swim bladder mycosis in pretty tetra (Hemigrammus pulcher) caused by Exophiala pisciphila and Phaeophleospora hymenocallidicola,and experimental verification of pathogenicity

Spontaneous invasive and chronic disseminated mycosis affected Hemigrammus pulcher kept in a public aquarium, and infection was manifested by inappetence, exophthalmia, erratic swimming, eroded scales, anaemia of the gills and abdominal distension. Internally, there was a grossly swollen swim bladder with a thickened wall filled with a dark mass. The body cavities contained a clear, light amber fluid and a swollen intestine which was full of a watery fluid containing small gas bubbles. Histopathology revealed a granulomatous inflammatory response with fungal hyphae in the lumen and wall of the swim bladder, hepatopancreas, spleen and kidneys with signs of nephrohydrosis. Exophiala pisciphila and Phaeophleospora hymenocallidicola were isolated from the swim bladder, abdominal cavity and gastrointestinal tract. The exogenous source of infection was probably the ample wooden decoration and plants inside the aquarium. Koch's postulates were fulfilled by re‐isolation of both fungal species from fish artificially infected under laboratory conditions. As P. hymenocallidicola is less capable of defence against phagocytosis, E. pisciphila probably played a major role. Severe clinical manifestations with 100% mortality developed in two fish species infected by E. pisciphila. A significant increase in the plasma levels of amino acids was observed as a result of the activation of proteolysis.     

黑糯玉米新品种晋糯10号优质高效栽培技术

晋糯10号是山西省农科院玉米研究所2008年以自选系N2-1作母本、自选系hN1作父本杂交育成的中早熟黑糯玉米杂交种。经2012—2013年的品比、生产试验,2014年5月由山西省农作物品种审定委员会审定通过,审定编号为晋审玉2014020。该品种适宜在中早熟区种植。     

核桃细菌性黑斑病杀菌剂筛选及药效研究

本文以黄单胞杆菌Xanthomonas campestris pv.juglandis(Pierce Dowson)为供试菌株,选用不同浓度的13种杀菌剂进行室内毒力测定。结果表明:有10种药剂对该菌有一定的抑制效果,但只有5种杀菌剂能够产生明显的抑菌圈。其中,四霉素和链霉素的抑菌效果最强,最低抑菌浓度为0.165、3μg/mL,抑菌率为74.76%、69.23%,EC_(50)为12.764、35.318μg/mL。其他依次为乙蒜素、中生菌素和春雷霉素。选用这5种杀菌剂进行盆栽防治试验,四霉素和链霉素的平均防效达74.60%、71.69%,乙蒜素和中生菌素防效分别为65.98%、58.40%,春雷霉素防效最低为39.38%。其结果与室内基本一致。室内试验及盆栽试验结果表明四霉素、链霉素、乙蒜素、中生菌素和春雷霉素可作为防治核桃黑斑病的杀菌剂,其中四霉素为首选杀菌剂。     

Construction of high-density linkage map and identification of QTLs associated with resistance to black rot in radish (Raphanus sativus) by RAD sequencing

High-density marker-based QTL mapping can serve as an effective strategy to identify novel genomic information to facilitate crop improvement. In this study, we genotyped an F₂ population (KB12-1 × PP12-1) using a RAD-seq approach and constructed a high-density linkage map for radish. After a series of filtering procedures were performed, 17,124 SNPs and 3,336 indels with aa × bb genotyping were retained to obtain bin markers. Then, a linkage map comprising a total of 1,221 bin markers in nine linkage groups spanning 1,467.3 cM with an average marker interval of 1.2 cM was constructed. We evaluated the resistance of the F₂ mapping population to black rot using F₃ progeny, and two major QTLs related to black rot resistance were identified based on this map. Among these QTLs, qBRR2 on Chr.2 explained 26.97% of the phenotypic variation with a LOD score of 11.93, and qBRR7 on Chr.7 accounted for 27.06% of the phenotypic variation with a LOD score of 11.83. The additive effect of qBRR2 was positive (14.97); however, qBRR7 had the opposite effect (−11.99). The high-density linkage map and the major QTLs qBRR2 and qBRR7 provide new important information for disease resistance gene discovery and utilization in genetic improvement.     

周年耕作方式对砂姜黑土农田土壤养分及作物产量的影响

为探明适宜于砂姜黑土农田的周年耕作方式, 提升砂姜黑土农田地力及作物产量, 在冬小麦?夏玉米一年两熟种植制度下, 设置多年定位夏玉米季?冬小麦季免耕?旋耕(对照)、免耕?深耕、深松?旋耕、深松?免耕、免耕?免耕5种周年耕作方式田间试验, 在定位处理的第4个周年研究耕作方式对砂姜黑土农田土壤有机碳含量、土壤养分及其对作物产量的影响。结果表明, 在秸秆全量还田条件下, 与试验开始前相比, 各处理0~20 cm土层土壤有机碳、全氮、速效钾含量均有所增加。与对照相比, 其他处理均增加周年内0~20 cm土层土壤有机碳和全氮含量。免耕?深耕、深松?旋耕、免耕?免耕处理显著增加周年内0~20 cm土层土壤有效磷含量, 而深松?免耕处理显著增加冬小麦开花期和收获期0~20 cm土层土壤有效磷含量, 整个周年内对照在20~40 cm土层土壤的有效磷含量均最低。深松?免耕处理增加周年内0~20 cm土层土壤速效钾含量, 而深松?免耕、免耕?免耕处理20~40 cm土层土壤速效钾含量在夏玉米苗期、大口期、开花期和灌浆期显著高于对照处理。深松?旋耕和深松?免耕处理显著增加夏玉米?冬小麦周年籽粒产量, 增幅分别为7.67%和10.21%。综上所述, 在秸秆全量还田基础上, 深松?旋耕和深松?免耕能够改善土壤有机碳和养分状况, 显著提高周年作物产量, 可作为黄淮区砂姜黑土农田相对适宜的周年耕作方式。     

Partial replacement of fishmeal with Clostridium autoethanogenum single‐cell protein in the diet for juvenile black sea bream (Acanthopagrus schlegelii)

Clostridium autoethanogenum protein (CAP) is a single‐cell protein derived from ethanol production and may have potential to become a substitute for fishmeal in aquafeeds. A 70‐day feeding trial was conducted with black sea bream (Acanthopagrus schlegelii) (mean initial weight 6.03 ± 0.09 g) to evaluate partial replacement of fishmeal with CAP in diets. Seven isonitrogenous and isoenergetic diets were formulated with graded levels of CAP (0, 4.85, 9.70, 14.55, 19.40, 38.80 and 58.20%) to replace fishmeal. The inclusion of CAP at all dietary levels tested did not significantly affect the growth performance (p > .05). Fish fed the CAP58.20% diet showed a significantly lower feeding rate, with significantly higher protein efficiency ratio and feed efficiency ratio compared with fish fed the other diets (p < .05). No statistical differences were found in dorsal muscle and whole‐body compositions. Total superoxide dismutase in serum of fish fed CAP58.20% diet was significantly lower compared with that of the control. Malondialdehyde, catalase, total antioxidant capacity and digestive enzyme activities revealed no significant differences among dietary treatments. Phosphorus retention efficiency significantly increased, and phosphorus discharge showed a downward trend with increasing CAP inclusion levels. In conclusion, the results indicated that CAP is a safe and effective alternative protein source, which can replace fishmeal in the diet of black sea bream up to 58.20%, without adverse effects on growth performance, antioxidation and digestive enzyme activity. This study has shown the potential of converting industrial waste into a high protein feed ingredient for aquafeeds.     

金州黑色标准水貂对中国养貂行业的影响

介绍了金州黑色标准水貂这一品种的培育过程和优良特性 ,阐述了该水貂新品种对推动中国水貂养殖行业的发展将起到很大的作用     

Dispersal of black sea bass (Centropristis striata) larvae on the southeast U.S. continental shelf: results of a coupled vertical larval behavior – 3D circulation model

In the marine environment, pelagic dispersal is important for determining the distribution and abundance of populations, as well as providing connections among populations. Estimates of larval dispersal from spawning grounds are important to determining temporal and spatial patterns in recruitment that may have significant influences on the dynamics of the population. We present a case study of the dispersal of Centropristis striata (black sea bass) larvae on the southeast U.S. continental shelf. We use a coupled larval behavior – 3D circulation model to compare the effects of the timing and location of spawning against that of larval vertical migration on larval dispersal. Using the results of field data on larval vertical distributions, we compare the dispersal of virtual 'larvae' which have ontogenetic changes in vertical behavior with that of particles fixed near the surface and near the bottom. Larvae were released at potential spawning sites four times throughout the spawning season (February through May) for 3 yr (2002–04) and tracked for the assumed larval duration (from 27 to 37 days including the egg stage). Results indicate that adult behavior, in the form of spawning time and location, may be more important than larval vertical behavior in determining larval dispersal on the inner- and mid- continental shelves of this region.     

海南黑山羊与萨能奶山羊杂交F1代的生理生化指标测定与分析

对海南黑山羊及其与萨能奶山羊F1 代的主要生理生化指标进行了测定与分析。结果表明，呼吸、体温、红细胞计数、白细胞计数、血清总蛋白、谷草转氨酶等指标都在正常范围，海南黑山羊公羊、海南黑山羊母羊、F1 黑色母羊、F1 白色母羊在海南适应性和生长发育表现良好。测定结果还能为海南黑山羊的饲养管理和疾病的诊断治疗提供血液学方面的参考。