Evidence for genetic distinction among sympatric ecotypes of Arctic char (Salvelinus alpinus) in south‐western Alaskan lakes

Resource polymorphism may play an important role in the process of speciation. The Arctic char (Salvelinus alpinus) exhibits great phenotypic and genetic diversity across its range, making it an ideal species for studies of resource polymorphism and divergence. Here, we investigated genetic variation at 11 microsatellite loci among 287 Arctic char from five isolated yet proximate postglacial lakes in south‐western Alaska that were previously examined for resource polymorphism. Significant differences in pairwise F_ST were detected among all lakes (range from 0.05 to 0.28, all P < 0.02). In one lake (Lower Tazimina Lake), we found evidence for two genetic groups of char and for significant differences in the distribution of microsatellite variability among at least two of the three previously described body size morphotypes (‘large’‐, ‘medium’‐, and ‘small’‐bodied char; maximum F_ST = 0.09; differences in admixture proportions). We also found a significant association between genetic admixture proportions and gill raker counts among body size morphs (r = ?0.73, P < 0.001). Our data represent the first record of genetically distinct sympatric morphs of Arctic char in Alaska and provide further evidence that differences in morphology associated with feeding (gill rakers) and growth trajectories reflect niche diversification and promote genetic divergence in Holarctic populations of Arctic char.     

基于CMS的开放式资源库系统设计与实现

为解决资源冗余和难以管理问题，提出使用内容管理系统(CMS) 构建开放式资源库系统的解决方案。阐述内容管理体系结构，运用内容管理的理论和相关技术，并结合采用J2EE 技术构建一个基于内容管理的资源库系统。重点介绍权限管理、文件的上传与下载、资源发布管理这3 大关键技术模块的设计与实现。解决技术与内容的瓶颈、开发维护角色分工、系统统一管理等问题。     

广西东门林场森林资源现状和可持续发展策略

根据广西东门林场2009年森林资源二类调查的结果,分析东门林场森林资源现状、特点及存在的问题,并提出东门林场森林资源可持续发展的策略。     

Comparative morphology of the digestive system of 19 species of Southern African myomorph rodents in relation to diet and evolution

Trends in digestive system-morphology have been examined in 19 species of Southern African myomorph rodents. Structure was related to function, diet, and evolution. Characters related to an ancestral proteinaceous diet, and specialized characters associated with herbivory, were recognized. All stomachs were of the unilocular hemiglandular type with increasing degrees of cornification of the corpus, although the stomach of Saccostomus compestris approached the bilocular discoglandular condition. Those of Thallomys paedulcus and Mystromys albicaudatus were highly modified in containing numerous papillae in the corpus, possibly associated with gastric fermentation. The most complex caeca, of the herbivorous Otomyids, possessed numerous haustra and internal papillae probably associated with caecal microbial fermentation.     

浅析森林资源管理信息系统研究现状及发展

21世纪是信息时代,在信息社会中,随着网络技术的不断发展,科学技术的迅速发展,特别是"3S"技术在林业上广泛应用,森林资源的科学管理和高效应用是非常重要的,传统的森林资源管理模式已经不能适应时代的发展,因此,实现信息化管理势在必行。     

抗白叶枯病籼稻DV_(85)在籼粳交中的遗传表现

抗白叶枯病籼稻品种DV_(85)与粳型广亲和系的亲和性较差。抗性基因在F_2代的分离,经卡平方测验,其抗感分离比显著偏离正常值,为异常分离。相关性分析显示这种异常分离与结实率、穗长、每穗粒数和千粒重无关。本文就籼粳杂交的配组形式和不同生育阶段对抗性基因分离的影响也进行了分析讨论。     

饲草饲料资源开发对青海省海东市经济发展的影响

畜牧产业是青海省海东市重要的传统产业,历来受到政府重视。饲草饲料资源开发对畜牧产业的发展提供重要支撑,但由于农民不了解,干部不重视等因素,影响饲草饲料资源开发及产业发展。随着现代化工业体系的建立,科学技术的发展,推动饲草饲料技术的发展。饲草饲料资源开发对地区农业资源循环利用、农民增收、经济发展的作用越来越凸显。饲草饲料资源开发是发展现代畜牧业的必然趋势,是拉动产业链条、调整农业结构、改善生态环境的需要,对地区经济发展有积极促进作用。青海省海东市在饲草饲料资源开发中仍存在一系列的问题,需要探索有效对策,促进海东市饲草饲料产业的发展和海东市的经济发展。 [关键词]饲草饲料|资源开发|青海省|海东市|经济发展     

宁夏回族自治区养殖粪污资源化利用现状调查与分析

畜禽粪污资源化利用,是农村生态环境保护工作的重点和难点,对于改善农村生态环境质量、提高农业绿色发展水平、促进农产品增产提质具有重要意义。本文为进一步了解宁夏回族自治区（简称“宁夏”）畜禽粪污资源化利用现状,在宁夏银川市、石嘴山市、吴忠市、中卫市、固原市5 市,对四大产业主导区畜禽养殖产业基本情况、全区及各市不同类型和规模的畜禽养殖粪污资源化利用现状及问题、不同养殖类型和规模的资源化主推技术及典型案例等情况进行了实地调研。结果表明：2020年,宁夏畜禽存栏总量2 046.0 万头（只）,其中,奶牛57.4 万头、肉牛120.7 万头、羊596.1 万只、生猪90.0 万头、家禽1 181.8 万只。畜禽粪污产生量3 025.3 万吨,全区粪污资源化利用总量为2 961.6 万吨,综合利用率达到97.9%,规模养殖场设施配套率达99.0%,该地区畜禽粪污综合利用主要途径有肥料化利用、能源化利用、清洁再生回用等。     

Vachellia karroo leaf meal: a promising non-conventional feed resource for improving goat production in low-input farming systems of Southern Africa

Among a vast number of forage trees, Vachellia karroo (Acacia karroo) remains one of the most widely distributed indigenous plant legumes in Southern Africa. The plant possesses some striking attributes, such as rapid growth rate, drought tolerance, adaptation to alkaline and acidic sterile soils, and resistance to a variety of edaphic and temperature changes. In past years V. karroo was recognised to be a major threat to rangeland productivity owing to its invasive nature. Research interest has shifted from its eradication as an unwanted plant to its utilisation as a feed resource for livestock. Extensive utilisation of V. karroo is mainly hindered by the presence of tannins and spines. Prospects to lessen the adverse effects of the anti-nutritional influences are now recognised. Vachellia karroo possesses desirable fatty acid profiles, and high protein and mineral contents that can improve animal performance. Presently, the use of V. karroo for goat production in communal areas is restricted owing to limited evidence for its nutritional value as animal feed. The present review, therefore, seeks to demonstrate the utility potential of V. karroo to improve growth performance, carcass characteristics, chevon quality, meat fatty acid profiles and as a natural anti-helminth for goats raised under an extensive system of production.     

In vivo confocal microscopy in the normal corneas of cats, dogs and birds

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the applicability of in vivo confocal microscopy (IVCM) in veterinary ophthalmology and analyze the morphology of living, healthy cornea. ANIMALS EXAMINED: Thirty-seven dogs, 34 cats and five birds. PROCEDURE: Various corneal sublayers were visualized in the central region using an in vivo confocal corneal microscope (HRTII/RCM). RESULTS: An investigation method was developed and adapted for use on animals with varying skull forms and eye positions. Real-time images of the epithelial cells, the corneal stroma and the endothelial layer were obtained. The corneal stromal nerve trunks and the subepithelial and basal epithelial nerve plexus were visualized. In dogs, full corneal thickness (FCT) was 585 +/- 79 microm (mean +/- SD) and endothelial cell density (ECD) 3175 +/- 776 cells/mm(2) (mean +/- SD). In cats, FCT was 592 +/- 80 microm and ECD 2846 +/- 403 cells/mm(2). There were no significant differences between canine and feline FCT and ECD and no morphologic differences could be seen between dogs and cats. The bird images revealed a number of structural differences. CONCLUSION: Noninvasive IVCM allows accurate detection of corneal sublayers, corneal pachymetry, endothelial cell density and corneal innervation in various animal species. For clinical usage, patients must be under general anesthesia. The confocal images provided anatomic reference images of various healthy corneal structures in dogs, cats and birds.