梨园养鹅防鸟害

梨园养鹅能对其它鸟类起到威慑、惊吓作用,减轻鸟害。养鹅后,鸟啄伤的梨果由总产量的12%下降到1%以内。介绍了北京地区梨园养鹅的品种选择、饲养方法、注意事项等。     

陈皮对草鱼诱食作用的研究

 在基础饵料球中加不同量的陈皮(0.1%,0.25%,0.5%,1%,3%)后,用记录仪记录草鱼吃饵料球的频率和力,以确定陈皮对草鱼摄食的引诱程度,结果表明陈皮有非常显着的引诱草鱼摄食的作用。     

厦门高崎国际机场鸟类调查及鸟撞防治的对策

厦门机场及周边活动的常见鸟类共有30科，90种，在整个锥形面内对飞机飞行构成危险的鸟类，主要是白鹭Egretta garzetta，中白鹭E.intermedia，普通鸬鹚Phalacrocorax carbo，黑翅鸢Elanus caeruleus，山斑鸠Streptopelia orientalis，家鸽等大型鸟类；根据各种鸟类习性及其栖息生境的特点分析，提出了以鸣枪，放煤气炮等方式驱赶鸟类。改变鸟类栖息生境以降低鸟类的种群数量等防止鸟撞的对策。     

天津大黄堡湿地自然保护区春季鸟类资源的初步调查

2005年3月—6月,对天津武清区大黄堡自然保护区的鸟类资源进行了初步调查,共记录到鸟类14目33科97种。其中优势种有凤头鸊鷉Podiceps cristatus、苍鹭Ardea cinerea、绿头鸭Anas platyrhynchos、凤头麦鸡Vanellus vanellus、黑翅长脚鹬Himantopus himantopus、银鸥Larus argentatus、红嘴鸥Larus ridibundus、灰沙燕Riparia riparia。常见种19种,有东方白鹳Ciconia boyciana、白枕鹤Grus vipio、白琵鹭Platalea leucorodia、大天鹅Cygnus cygnus、小天鹅Cygnus bewickii等国家保护鸟类12种。依居留状况分析,旅鸟70种,夏候鸟30种,冬候鸟8种,留鸟8种,旅鸟占总数的72.92%,其次夏候鸟占31.25%。从栖息环境看,芦苇沼泽泥滩63种,农田20种,稀树灌丛29种,鱼塘水库24种。可见,以自然的湿地环境栖息的鸟类较多,人为活动多的农田和鱼池栖息的鸟种较少。     

Dispersal of invasive Phytolacca americana seeds by birds in an urban garden in China

Although seed dispersal is a key process determining the regeneration and spread of invasive plant populations, few studies have explicitly addressed the link between dispersal vector behavior and seedling recruitment to gain insight into the invasion process within an urban garden context. We evaluated the role of bird vectors in the dispersal of pokeweed (Phytolacca americana), a North American herb that is invasive in urban gardens in China. Fruiting P. americana attracted both generalist and specialist bird species that fed on and dispersed its seeds. The generalist species Pycnonotus sinensis and Urocissa erythrorhyncha were the most frequent dispersers. Seedling numbers of P. americana were strongly associated with the perching behavior of frugivorous birds. If newly recruited bird species use seedling‐safe perching sites, the P. americana will regenerate faster, which would enhance its invasive potential. Based on our observations, we conclude that the 2 main bird vectors, P. sinensis and U. erythrorhyncha, provide potential effective dispersal agents for P. americana. Our results highlight the role of native birds in seed dispersal of invasive plants in urban gardens.     

昆明长水国际机场鳞翅目昆虫种群初探

对2018年1~12月昆明长水国际机场东西跑道外侧草坪的鳞翅目昆虫进行了调查,结果发现:该目昆虫具有明显季节差异,种类和数量均是夏季最多,秋季其次,冬、春季相对较少。生境分析表明,鳞翅目昆虫对生境依赖有一定差异,故提出了清除草坪内开花植物或种植不开花植物,从而减少昆虫多样性,降低鸟类到草坪觅食及鸟击概率的建议。     

广东新会银湖湾湿地鸟类群落组成、多样性和保护策略

2006年8月～2007年7月,采用样带法,对广东省新会银湖湾湿地鸟类群落进行了研究,共记录70种,隶属13目28科48属.其中国家二级重点保护鸟类4种,广东省重点保护鸟类10种.东洋种35种,古北种26种,广布种9种.鸟类群落多样性以潮滩湿地最高,多样性指数3.514 0,均匀性指数0.881 1.新会银湖湾湿地鸟类资源丰富,分析了鸟类的重要性和稀缺性,开发建设必须正确处理湿地鸟类保护的关系,实现生态环境可持续发展,并提出了相应的保护策略.     

陕西黄河湿地鸟类资源调查分析与研究

陕西黄河湿地是我国中、西部国际候鸟的主要栖息地之一和内陆候鸟迁徙通道上的重要驿站,区内生境多样,鸟类资源十分丰富。通过对湿地内高生芦苇区、低矮芦苇区、盐碱地、农田、鱼塘、莲池、滩涂、林地等不同生境类型的鸟类分布情况进行的调查分析,结果共记录到16目39科132种,较2005年增加了3科13种,为陕西黄河湿地鸟类资源保护提供了科学依据。     

Assessment of plastic ingestion by pole-caught pelagic predatory fish from O'ahu,Hawai'i

1. Although the frequency of occurrence of plastic ingestion in the large-sized dolphinfish and tunas taken by the Hawai'i longline fishery is very low (frequency of occurrence < 5% of sampled individuals), the ingestion of plastic in smaller-sized specimens caught with pole-and-line gear by commercial and recreational fishers has not been investigated.
2. This study examined ingestion of >0.25 mm marine plastic debris (MPD) by four predatory fish species caught by commercial fishers around the Main Hawaiian Islands, and documented ingestion in three species: 85.7% of albacore tuna (n = 7), 40.0% of skipjack tuna (n = 10) and 12.5% of dolphinfish (n = 8).
3. Yellowfin tuna (n = 10) did not contain any MPD, probably owing to the high proportion of empty stomachs (60%).
4. For skipjack tuna, the frequency of occurrence of MPD ingestion was significantly higher for the smaller-sized specimens caught with pole-and-line (40%), compared with the larger-sized specimens caught with longlines (0%).
5. For dolphinfish, the frequency of occurrence of MPD ingestion was similar for the similar-sized specimens caught with pole-and-line and with longlines.
6. The ingested MPD items were micro–meso plastics, between 1 and 25 mm. While most ingested items were fragments, albacore also ingested line and skipjack also ingested sheets.
7. The predatory fishes ingested light MPD items that float in sea water, but there were species-specific differences in their polymer composition: albacore contained more polypropylene and polyethylene, and skipjack contained more elastomers, characterized by a high percentage of ester plasticizers.
8. Altogether, these results suggest that albacore and skipjack tunas ingest plastic of different types and polymers. Yet more research is needed to understand how differences in vertical distribution, foraging ecology and diet influence the MPD sampled by these predatory fish species.

     

南京市仙林大学城冬季鸟类多样性初步调查——以文澜路3所高校为例

物种多样性已成为评估一个地区生态环境质量优劣的主要标准。2017年11月—2018年1月,采用样线法对南京森林警察学院、南京师范大学、南京财经大学3所高校的仙林校区开展了鸟类资源调查。共记录鸟类20种,其中南京森林警察学院仙林校区鸟类12种,隶属3目10科,其中留鸟11种,鸟类区系以古北界为主;南京师范大学仙林校区鸟类17种,隶属5目13科,留鸟14种,以广布种为主;南京财经大学仙林校区鸟类16种,隶属4目11科,留鸟13种,以广布种为主。3所校区鸟类组成兼具古北界和东洋界成分,以古北种占优势,广布种比例也较高。由SPSS分析结果知,南京师范大学和南京财经大学校区的鸟类物种多样性指数在乔木林、灌丛、草丛、水域和建筑区均高于南京森林警察学院校区。对比鸟类均匀性指数,南京师范大学在乔木林、水域和建筑区最高,南京森林警察学院则在灌丛和草丛环境最高。