白桦木材GC-MS检测结果分析

对白桦木材的丙酮和石油醚—甲醇萃取液进行GC-MS检测,找到6种有机化合物。分别属于烷烃、脂肪酸类、酚类和异黄酮类物质。其中2′2-二乙氧基丙烷、4-羟基-4-甲基-2-戊酮、反式-3-甲基-4-甲硫基-查耳酮和N,N′-二亚水杨基-1,2-二氨基乙烷都具有抗菌活性。本研究为进一步探讨白桦木材的化学成分,筛选天然抗腐朽植株提供有用信息。     

天然白桦林直径分布规律的研究

在林分生长模型研究中,选择描述林分直径分布的函数是至关重要的。本文对来自于内蒙古地区的天然白桦林林分用不同的函数对直径分布进行验证,根据检验结果表明：正态分布接受率最高;同时对结果也做了分析,探讨了不同年龄、不同立地指数对正态分布接受率的影响;并对不接受分布的原因进行了简单的分析。     

白桦和红松根际土壤养分的林龄分布及季节动态

在相同立地类型组的白桦幼、中和成熟林中各取土壤剖面３￣４块，分别于６、８、１０月进行根际取样化验，以研究白桦和红松根际部土壤养分的林龄分布及季节动态。结果表明：白桦红松林中，白桦与红松根际土壤养分具有互补性特征；根际土壤ｐＨ环境趋向酸碱平衡过程；根际土壤养分、ｐＨ植林龄分布和动态过程中，中龄林起承上启下转换作用。     

东北林区天然白桦相容性生物量模型

基于东北林区天然白桦实测生物量数据,通过2种方案(以总生物量为基础分级控制和以总生物量为基础直接控制)建立天然白桦一元和二元相容性生物量模型,模型参数估计采用非线性度量误差联立方程组估计方法,并采用加权回归的方法进行异方差的消除。结果表明:2种方案所建立的天然白桦一元、二元相容性生物量模型的确定系数R2=0.800～0.988,模拟效率(EF)=0.80～0.97;2种方案所建立的相容性生物量模型的预测精度大多数在80%以上,树枝和树叶生物量模型的预测精度较差,但也在69%以上;所建立的相容性生物量模型中,总生物量和树干生物量模型效果较好,树根、树叶和树枝生物量模型效果较差。总的来说,2种方案所建立的相容性生物量模型都具有一定的精度,都能对天然白桦生物量进行很好的预估,以总生物量为基础直接控制方案所建立的一元和二元相容性生物量模型好于以总生物量为基础分级控制方案所建立的一元和二元相容性生物量模型,所以在进行天然白桦生物量预估时,建议采用以总生物量为基础直接控制所建立的相容性生物量模型。     

白桦树盘生长特性对干燥开裂的影响

以白桦树盘为对象,研究分别采用恒温40、60℃,相对湿度渐降的干燥工艺干燥时,树盘干燥开裂的特点(产生时期、部位、形貌),进而研究树盘几何生长特性(偏心率、圆度、横截面积)对干燥开裂的影响.结果表明:树木不同部位、不同径级、不同圆度的树盘,在相同干燥工艺下开裂初期差异很大.开裂初期均值,在40℃干燥工艺下对应树盘含水率43.9％,60℃干燥工艺下对应树盘含水率45.6％,温度高时平均开裂期超前;最初开裂产生位置大多为心边材交界处,60℃工艺时有向内扩张趋势,并伴有心裂产生;60℃干燥工艺下无论开裂总长度还是平均开裂宽度都要较40℃工艺时的开裂值大,但差异不显著;60℃工艺时的Ⅴ-裂数量明显高于40℃时;圆度与横截面积是影响开裂总长度、开裂平均宽度的主要影响因素,而Ⅴ-裂主要受后者影响.横截面积越大、形状越不规则,树盘越易产生干燥开裂,揭示树盘按几何生长特征分选干燥的必要性.     

冀北山地杨桦低效林改造的效益分析

[目的]分析研究冀北山地杨桦低效林改造的成果,为该地区的森林健康经营理论提供参考。[方法]采用生态疏伐后人工林下更新的方式进行改造,并以定量计算的方式对改造后样地和未改造对照样地分别从林地生产力、固碳释氧功能、水源涵养功能3方面进行效益分析。[结果]改造后的样地较对应的对照样地在总体效益方面具备很大优势,具体高出值分别为25 008.89和14 802.17元/hm2,增长率分别为16.6%,14.6%。其中林地生产力价值分别高于对照样地44.9%,73.11%;固碳释氧价值分别高出13.4%,9.2%;涵养水源价值分别高出5.4%,2.6%。[结论]对杨桦低效林进行生态疏伐、人工林下更新改造后,林分质量得到显著改善,提高了林地生产力和林分生态功能的同时,带来了经济效益的增长。     

Exploring life growth patterns in birch (Betula pendula)

The conversion of homogeneous plantations of conifers to mixed or broadleaved forests is part of sustainable forest management strategies in Western Europe. For the conversion of pine plantations on sandy soils, birch seems a convenient choice. Yet, thus far, little is known about the growth of mature birches outside Northern Europe. We sampled 32 birch trees in forests throughout the sandy ecoregion in northern Belgium at sites that varied in soil and local stand conditions. Half of the birches showed the characteristic pattern in growth (expressed as basal area increment) with a sharply increasing growth till around the age of 25 years followed by a steep decrease in growth. The growth was strongly related to tree age and crown dimensions, only weakly related to soil conditions, and not related to the local stand conditions.     

Forest regeneration 50 years following partial cutting in mixedwood ecosystems of southern Quebec,Canada

The impact of winter harvesting on regeneration 50 years after an experimental diameter-limit cutting was examined in mixed deciduous–coniferous ecosystems of southern Quebec, Canada. The study was conducted in La Mauricie National Park, Quebec, Canada. Regeneration data in two balsam fir (Abies balsamea (L.) Mill.), red spruce (Picea rubens Sarg.), sugar maple (Acer saccharum Marsh.), and yellow birch (Betula alleghaniensis Britt.) ecosystem types were analyzed. Comparisons between uncut and cut stands were obtained from a total of 63 sample plots. For both ecosystems, there were no significant differences between uncut and cut plots for regeneration density and stocking. The most abundant regeneration species were balsam fir, red spruce, sugar maple, red maple (Acer rubrum L.), yellow birch and American beech (Fagus grandifolia Ehrh.). The type of diameter-limit cutting described in the study did not affect regeneration density and stocking but its impact on productivity, timber quality and genetics is still unknown.     

4种木材腐朽菌对白桦木材降解能力的比较

木材腐朽大多数由侵蚀木材的真菌所造成(李坚,2002;池玉杰,2003).这些菌能分泌多种酶,把木材中的纤维素、半纤维素和木质素分解为简单的碳水化合物作为生活的养料(Kirk et al.,1987;Higuchi,1990).由于不同的木腐菌的生理特性同,所分泌的酶及酶的活性各不相同(刘欣等,2008),因此,不同的木腐菌所分解木材的各种成分及相对速度就各不相同(Buswell,1987).     

Effects of red alder and paper birch competition on juvenile growth of three conifer species in southwestern British Columbia

We examined the effects of competition from red alder (Alnus rubra Bong.) and paper birch (Betula papyrifera Marsh.) on the growth of western redcedar (Thuja plicata Donn), western hemlock (Tsuga heterophylla Sarg.), and Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii Franco) at a site near Maple Ridge, British Columbia, Canada. At this site, the three coniferous species and two broadleaf species had been planted in 1999 as part of a long-term experiment examining effects of broadleaf density on conifer growth. Red alder and paper birch were planted alone and as a 50:50 mixture at four densities (0, 277, 556, and 1150 stems ha⁻¹).