桦木醇提取及纯化工艺的研究

以白桦树皮为原料,研究了桦木醇提取和纯化的工艺,确定了适宜的提取工艺条件:树皮原料30 g,树皮颗粒大小为0.42~1.16 mm,采用氯仿为溶剂,用索氏抽提器抽提7 h,得到粗桦木醇黄色固体,得率为38.5%。通过重结晶对桦木醇进行纯化,确定了适宜的重结晶条件:以异丙醇为重结晶用溶剂,粗提物与异丙醇的比为1∶20(g∶mL),结晶温度-5℃,结晶时间1 h,在此条件下桦木醇的结晶得率41.4%,产品熔点为245~254℃,纯度为95.4%。     

Above- and below-ground biomass and nutrient distribution of a paper birch and subalpine fir mixed-species stand in the Sub-Boreal Spruce zone of British Columbia

Stand structure, height and diameter growth, above- and below-ground biomass, and nutrient concentrations and content were determined for a 35-year-old fire-origin paper birch (Betula papyrifera) and subalpine fir (Abies lasiocarpa) mixed-species stand in the Sub-Boreal Spruce (SBS) zone of British Columbia. Paper birch, which formed the dominant overstory following the 1961 fire, had normal distributions of height and diameter classes. Subalpine fir, which dominated the understory, had the reverse J-shaped height and diameter distributions that are expected of a shade tolerant, climax species. Paper birch grew more than three times the height of subalpine fir. Growing in the summer shade of the birch, subalpine fir had slow but steady height growth during the first 10–15 years, after which height growth declined somewhat. Allometric equations, relating dry weight of foliage, branches, stemwood, stembark, roots, and total biomass to diameter at breast height (DBH), were developed to estimate above- and below-ground biomass. Total biomass of paper birch reached 83.2 t ha⁻¹, while subalpine fir biomass was 26.7 t ha⁻¹. Subalpine fir allocated more biomass to foliage and branches compared to paper birch. Foliage of paper birch had higher nutrient concentrations of N, P, K, Ca, and Mg than subalpine fir foliage. Branches and stembark of subalpine fir had higher P, and Ca concentrations than paper birch. Subalpine fir branches contained more of all examined nutrients than paper birch branches. This is a significant component in nutrient cycling of the mixed-species forest.     

Susceptibility of thermo-hydro-treated birch plywood to mould and blue stain fungi

In this study, mould and blue stain susceptibility, capillary water uptake (CWU) and microstructural properties of two thermo-hydro-treated (THT) birch plywood products A and B were investigated. Plywood A represented a THT industrial plywood glued with a phenol formaldehyde (PF) adhesive. Plywood B represented panels from THT veneers glued with a PF film. The THT regimes were (temperature, °C/time, min): 150/10, 150/50, 160/10 and 160/50. Both THT plywood products and untreated samples were resistant to mould and blue stain growth in 1 month of exposure in laboratory and outdoor conditions. A statistically significant correlation between fungal growth in laboratory and outdoor conditions for plywood products A and B was not found (P?>?.05). Artificial weathering of both plywood products provided adverse fungal growth results compared to the natural weathering test outdoors. The fungal growth on plywood A and B samples mutually strongly correlated (P?相似文献   

甘肃小陇山红桦林种群结构和分布格局

为了揭示小陇山红桦种群的维持机制,结合径级结构、静态生命表和存活曲线,对小陇山红桦种群结构进行了研究;并应用多个聚集强度指标(方差/均值比率法、负二项参数、Cassie指标、丛生指标)和聚块性指数,对甘肃小陇山红桦林种群的分布格局及其动态进行了测算分析。结果表明:目前红桦林种群为衰退群落;其分布格局呈现一般聚集分布,但聚集强度变化不大;随着群落中红桦林种群的发育进程,分布格局的时间模式为从均匀分布到集群分布,最终趋于随机分布。     

赤霉素GA_(4+7)处理下白桦无性系生长及差异基因表达分析

[目的]为研究赤霉素GA4+7对白桦生长的调控机制。[方法]试验利用1个白桦无性系的分株材料,连续2年分别叶面喷施浓度为0.2 g·L~(-1)(T1)、0.4 g·L~(-1)(T2)的GA4+7溶液,对实验苗木的生长情况进行跟踪调查,并对相应顶端生长组织进行转录组测序和差异基因分析。[结果]对2个年份的苗高、地径等性状分析发现,不同处理间苗高与地径的差异均达到显著或极显著水平,GA4+7对高生长有明显的促进作用,2年后的T2白桦苗高较CK提高了19.65%。于6月28日取GA4+7连续处理2年的白桦顶芽开展RNA-seq分析,结果显示:0.4 g·L~(-1)GA4+7(T2)处理与对照(CK)间的差异基因数量最多,即上调表达的基因有181个,下调表达的基因有55个,这些差异基因在叶绿体类囊体膜、红光、远红光及蓝光的细胞响应等方面富集明显。Pathway富集分析显示:氧化磷酸化途径与光合途径中的8条基因呈上调表达,认为施加0.4 g·L~(-1)GA4+7处理后,上述基因的上调表达加快电子传递进程、催化ATP的合成,从而促进白桦光合作用增强,提高苗期生长量。[结论]对白桦外源施加赤霉素GA4+7后,可上调氧化磷酸化途径和光合途径相关基因的表达,进而促进苗木的高和地径生长。研究结果可为白桦生长相关途径基因的克隆提供参考。     

模拟氮沉降增加对土壤微生物量的影响

采用模拟方法研究了天然阔叶红松林和天然次生杨桦林中土壤微生物碳、氮对大气氮沉降升高的响应.林地控制施氮量分别为:对照(0)、低氮(25kg·(hm2·a)-1)和高氮(50kg·(hm2·a)-1).施氮后的第一个生长季,生长初期(5月)、生长旺季(7月)和生长末期(9月)的观测研究表明:氮沉降增加对微生物C、N的影响因森林类型和时间不同而存在显著差异.由此表明,1a的施氮试验并没有使土壤氮达到饱和状态,但是短期的施氮可以在某些月份内显著影响土壤微生物C、N及其微生物m(C)∶ m(N).     

白桦根系生物量与生产力研究

以内蒙古大兴安岭根河林区白桦根系为研究对象,利用解析木法与全部挖掘法测定不同树龄白桦根系生物量,研究白桦根系生物量的分配规律,结果表明:白桦根茎比在(0.1449±0.0439)~(0.0930±0.0090)之间变动,且随树龄增大呈减小的趋势;各龄组白桦根系小根生物量占比均较少,占比为2%~5%、中根占比为16%~26%、大根与粗根占比合计为60%~80%,证明大根与粗根是根系生物量的主要贡献者;随树龄增大,大根生物量占比不断减小,而粗根生物量占比不断提高,这可能是根系平周生长的结果。基于20株解析木数据,建立了白桦根系生物量回归模型、白桦根系生物量累计生长模型、白桦根系生物量连年生长模型,各模型均具有较高精度,在内蒙古大兴安岭林区具有可用性。     

输导组织结构对液流速度和树干CO2 释放通量的影响

为探明树干解剖特征对液流速度和树干表面CO2 释放通量的影响,采用红外气体分析法(IRGA)原位连续测定白桦、兴安落叶松和水曲柳树干表面CO2 释放通量,同时测定树干液流速度及树干温度,并采用铸型法观察其树干木质部导管和管胞解剖结构。结果表明:液流速度呈动态变化,而且3 个树种液流速度的总体变化趋势相同,但不同树种液流速度差异显著,即白桦和兴安落叶松大于水曲柳;6、9 月日平均液流速度白桦比水曲柳分别高38.01%和65.80%,兴安落叶松比水曲柳高82郾91%和71郾89%。兴安落叶松、白桦和水曲柳的树干表面CO2 释放通量有显著差别,水曲柳树干的CO2 释放通量远远大于白桦和兴安落叶松树干的CO2 释放通量,6、9 月分别是白桦CO2 释放通量的1.92 和2.17 倍,兴安落叶松的1.49 和2.17 倍。3 树种输导组织的管腔长度、宽度、端壁斜度角、导管壁上的次生增厚方式及纹孔类型存在差异,通过逐步回归分析表明,管腔直径是影响液流速度和树干表面 CO2 释放通量的主要因子,随着管腔内径的增加,液流速度呈减小趋势,树干表面CO2 释放通量呈增加趋势。由于 液流速度在一定程度上影响树干表面的CO2 通量,所以输导组织结构对液流速度的影响也间接影响了树干的CO2 释放通量。      

桦木小径原条干燥可行性初探

本文对桦木小径原条干燥问题进行了初步探索,通过对桦木小径材物理性质与百度条件下干燥缺陷的分析与试验,制定出了桦木小径原条的试验干燥基准.试验结果表明,长50cm以下,径级8cm以下的桦木小径原条的干燥是可行的.