不同品系抗刺吸式转基因棉对Q型烟粉虱生长发育的影响

测定了Q型烟粉虱(Bemisia tabaci)在3个不同品系的抗刺吸式口器害虫转基因棉花与其亲本棉花品种上的体型差异、发育历期、成活率、成虫寿命、产卵量和生命参数,以分析不同抗刺吸式转基因棉花品系对Q型烟粉虱的抗虫效果.结果表明,Q型烟粉虱的体型、发育历期、存活率以及成虫寿命等多个生长发育参数在转基因棉花品系与对应亲本间无显著差异;但Q型烟粉虱在转基因棉品系上的产卵量和种群净增值率明显低于其对应亲本棉,种群加倍时间高于其亲本棉,表明检测的3个转基因抗虫棉品系都对Q型烟粉虱有抗性.烟粉虱成虫单雌产卵量、种群净增值率和种群加倍时间等3个生命参数指标为评价其它抗刺吸式口器转基因棉花对Q型烟粉虱的抗虫效果提供参考指标.     

Baseline susceptibilities of B- and Q-biotype Bemisia tabaci to anthranilic diamides in Arizona

BACKGROUND: Development of pyriproxyfen and neonicotinoid resistance in the B-biotype whitefly and recent introduction of the Q biotype have the potential to threaten current whitefly management programs in Arizona. The possibility of integrating the novel anthranilic diamides chlorantraniliprole and cyantraniliprole into the current program to tackle these threats largely depends on whether these compounds have cross-resistance with pyriproxyfen and neonicotinoids in whiteflies. To address this question, the authors bioassayed a susceptible B-biotype strain, a pyriproxyfen-resistant B-biotype strain, four multiply resistant Q-biotype strains and 16 B-biotype field populations from Arizona with a systemic uptake bioassay developed in the present study. RESULTS: The magnitude of variations in LC₅₀ and LC₉₉ among the B-biotype populations or the Q-biotype strains was less than fivefold and tenfold, respectively, for both chlorantraniliprole and cyantraniliprole. The Q-biotype strains were relatively more tolerant than the B-biotype populations. No correlations were observed between the LC₅₀ (or LC₉₉) values of the two diamides against the B- and Q-biotype populations tested and their survival rates at a discriminating dose of pyriproxyfen or imidacloprid. CONCLUSION: These results indicate the absence of cross-resistance between the two anthranilic diamides and the currently used neonicotinoids and pyriproxyfen. Future variation in susceptibility of field populations to chlorantraniliprole and cyantraniliprole could be documented according to the baseline susceptibility range of the populations tested in this study. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry     

Inheritance of resistance to Striga gesnerioides biotypes from Mali and Niger in cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.)

Pot and laboratory experiments were performed in order to elucidate the genetics of resistance of three cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.) resistant sources to two biotypes of the parasitic weed Striga gesnerioides (Willd.) Vatke (witchweed). B301, Suvita-2 and IT82D-849 were crossed to susceptible cultivars. Roots of each plant of parental, F₁, F₂, BC₁ and BC₂ populations were washed free of soil and examined closely for S. gesnerioides attachment. Data on resistant and susceptible cowpea plants were analyzed using the chi-square test to ascertain the goodness of fit to different genetic ratios. Segregation patterns indicate monogenic dominant inheritance of resistance to both S. gesnerioides biotypes in B301. Suvita-2, which is susceptible to the biotype from Maradi, Niger, showed segregation patterns that indicate monogenic dominant inheritance of resistance to S. gesnerioides biotype from Cinzana, Mali. Results also indicate monogenic dominant inheritance of resistance to S. gesnerioides biotype from Cinzana in IT82D-849. However, the inheritance of resistance to the biotype from Maradi would be monogenic and recessive in this line. These results suggest that the resistance of all three sources would be easy to transfer to promising breeding lines. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

水稻品种资源抗稻褐飞虱不同生物型和稻瘿蚊核心样品的综合评价

应用灰色关联度分析法对水稻品种资源抗稻褐飞虱不同生物型和稻瘿蚊中国Ⅳ型的核心样品进行综合评价。研究结果表明,在抗稻褐飞虱生物型Ⅱ、中抗稻褐飞虱生物型Ⅱ、抗稻褐飞虱盂加拉型、抗稻瘿蚊中国Ⅳ型的核心样品中,分别以IR29692—99—3—2—1、IR36、RP1579—1862—72—31—52、DUO KANG No．1与标准品种(粤香占)的关联度最大,在抗虫育种亲本选择时,可以作为首选抗源。     

家系纯化对褐飞虱致害特性的影响

采用标准苗鉴法,系统考察了褐飞虱生物型１和生物型２的致害特性在连续五代家系纯化过程中的变化状况,结果发现,家系纯化对两种生物型个体及群体的致害力均有影响,个体间存在的致害力差异有所减小但未被消除;两种生物型群体的致害力均显著下降,至第五代时对ＴＮ１的致害力已分别下降了２３％和１６％,但它们的致害特征并未发生根本性的改变,表明不同生物型的致害特性具有相对的稳定性,此外,致害力的纯化速度缓慢,容易发生衰退,显示的是数量性状的特征和某种程度的杂种优势,文中还对褐飞虱生物型的本质进行了讨论。     

山东省马铃薯青枯菌生物型研究

从山东省枣庄,新泰、济南,泰安等8个县市采集到的马铃薯青枯病标本中分离到54个菌株,进行致病性测定,并对3种双糖和3种已醇的利用能力进行了试验,试验结果证明,山东马铃薯青枯菌存在4种生物型,大部分菌株属于生物型Ⅲ(23 54)和一个新生物型(24 54)能使3种双糖和两种已醇利用产酸,但对甜醇不能利用产酸有少数菌株属于生物型Ⅱ和(?)     

褐飞虱两种生物型体内能源物质及有关酶类的比较

采用室内繁殖的褐飞虱生物型Ⅰ与生物型Ⅱ的 5龄若虫和刚羽化的雌性成虫 ,研究其体内的能源物质含量以及解毒酶体系 (羧酸酯酶和乙酰胆碱酯酶 )和保护酶体系 (过氧化物酶、过氧化氢酶和超氧化物歧化酶 )的活性。结果显示 :①褐飞虱生物型Ⅰ体内糖元含量显著高于生物型Ⅱ (P <0 0 5 ) ,总脂没有差异 ;②生物型Ⅰ的羧酸酯酶活性比生物型Ⅱ低 ,乙酰胆碱酯酶活性则无明显差异 ;③生物型Ⅰ的超氧化物歧化酶活性和过氧化氢酶活性均比生物型Ⅱ低 (P <0 0 5 ) ,且随虫龄的增大而增高 ,而过氧化物酶活性则随虫龄增大而降低 ,但差异不显著     

Novel non-motile phenotypes of Yersinia ruckeri suggest expansion of the current clonal complex theory

The biochemical and cell surface characteristics of 63 non‐motile isolates of Yersinia ruckeri from various sources were compared using the API 20E rapid identification system and conventional phenotypic methods. Eight individual phenotypic groups from a variety of fish species were observed from the data set. Non‐motile isolates were not exclusively observed from serogroup O1; membership of biotype 2 was recorded for representatives from serogroups O2–O7. Variations in phenotypes highlights that new clonal groups are arising and that the current typing scheme requires expansion. Previously, it was hypothesized that disease was caused by a few virulent clones; data in this paper suggests that this assumption is not the case. The lipopolysaccharide (O antigen) type in the non‐motile biotype was different from other isolates of Y. ruckeri.     

广东农作物青枯病菌的生化型

比较了１３种寄主植物１２９个青枯病菌株对３种双糖（乳糖、麦芽糖、纤维二糖）和３种已醇（甘露醇、山梨醇、甜醇）的利用情况，结果表明它们大部分（８７．５％）分属于Ｈａｙｗａｒｄ的４个生化型，以生化型Ⅲ为优势生化型（约６５％）。除Ｈａｙｗａｒｄ的４个生化型外，还存在４个其它的生化类型：（１）１个能利用３种双糖和甘露醇、山梨醇而不利用甜醇产酸的马铃薯菌株；（２）３个能利用３种双糖和山梨醇、甜醇而不利用甘露     

生物型种衣剂对杂交晚稻防病增产的效果

２０％ＺＳＢ生物型种衣剂在杂交晚稻上的试验和使用能明显减轻水稻细菌性条斑病、白叶枯病等病害，促进分菜，改进穗、粒、重结构，有利增产增收。且省工书本，减轻环境污染。