秤锤树硬枝扦插繁育技术研究

研究不同基质材料、不同激素浓度、不同年龄插穗处理对秤锤树硬枝插穗扦插生根的影响。结果表明:全光雾试验条件下,植物生长调节剂BA、基质、树龄对扦插成活率均有影响,幼龄树木、混合基质和高浓度BA处理对秤锤树硬枝扦插最为有利。5a生硬枝作插穗,用1 000mg/L的BA速蘸插条基部,扦插在河沙∶珍珠岩∶泥炭=1∶2∶2的混合基质中,扦插生根率最高,可达90.34%。     

Comparing multipurpose forest management with timber management,incorporating timber,carbon and oxygen values: A case study

Abstract

This paper comparatively examines two forest management planning approaches: multipurpose forest management and traditional timber management, with carbon, timber and oxygen production objectives in mind. The effects of both approaches on carbon and oxygen values were estimated with an oxygen and carbon flow matrix, while timber production was modelled through a growth and yield model. The estimated values were simultaneously integrated into a linear programming model developed for this study. The objective was to maximize the net present value (NPV) of the profits of timber, oxygen and carbon under the constraints of an even flow of timber production and ending forest inventory for each planning approach. The results showed that the ecological and environmental regulations in multipurpose management substantially decreased the NPV of timber production even though they increased the NPV of carbon and oxygen flow. The results also indicated that over a 100 year planning horizon the total NPV of all forest ecosystem values including carbon, timber and oxygen is almost the same (only 1.9% reduction in multipurpose management approach) in both management approaches. Although multipurpose management creates more NPV of carbon and oxygen than timber management does, the latter provides better results in terms of timber production. It is therefore important to take into account the NPV of all apparent and quantifiable forest values in preparing forest management plans, particularly in developing new management planning approaches.     

Comparison of two harvesting systems for the production of forest biomass from the thinning of Picea abies plantations

Abstract

This study compares two principally different harvesting systems used for the thinning of Norway spruce [Picea abies (L.) Karst.] plantations in the Alps. The first system was whole-tree harvesting (WTH), producing only whole-tree chips for energy purposes. This system minimizes the production costs by simplifying the harvesting process. The other system was cut-to-length (CTL) mechanical harvesting with an excavator-based harvester. This system maximizes value recovery by producing both short sawlogs and quality fuel chips. Trials were conducted on two similar sites in the Dolomites, in northern Italy, and demonstrated that the CTL system resulted in slightly higher harvesting costs, and also higher revenue. The price differences between the different products determine which system offers the best economic results. If the delivered price of sawlogs does not exceed [euro]25 t^?1, WTH and CTL harvesting offer very similar economic performances, and become profitable only if the delivered price of raw chip wood exceeds [euro]40 t^?1. If the delivered price of sawlogs increases to [euro]50 t^?1, the mechanized CTL system always becomes preferable, and it will turn some profits when the price of raw biomass exceeds [euro]35 t^?1. The CTL system is less sensitive to long extraction and transport distances than the WTH system.     

道者,自然之理——浅析珠三角绿道网规划建设的价值

通过对珠三角绿道网规划的解读,阐述了珠三角绿道网概念的由来,以及绿道在自然理念的延伸、人文生态价值的演绎和多功能并存等三方面的价值塑造,揭示了绿道独具中国"道者,自然之理"之大智慧,以及引领理想城市生活、弘扬新广东精神等方面的精神内涵。     

亚洲象食物源基地建设对缓解人象冲突的作用

西双版纳勐养自然保护区是我国野生亚洲象的主要栖息地之一,区内分布着120头左右的亚洲象。近年来由于亚洲象种群数量的增加和林内野象的食物相对减少,野生亚洲象损坏农作物、伤害人、畜的事件频繁发生。为缓解人象冲突矛盾,于2005年开展了野生亚洲象栖息地建设工作,目前已先后89次把亚洲象吸引到这一区域活动。经亚洲象在食物源基地内的活动及取食情况分析,其在食物源基地的活动与人类的农事活动具有很大的相似性。提出适当增加食物源基地的面积和数量,逐渐改变食物源基地的种植结构等建议。     

重庆市南川区金佛山方竹之竹

文章介绍了金佛山方竹的历史及生物学特性。重点阐述了重庆市南川区方竹产业的发展状况及方竹文化特色。     

贮藏时间对“川草1号”老芒麦种子发芽特性的影响

以贮藏0～8个月的"川草1号"老芒麦种子为材料,通过发芽试验,测定发芽势、发芽率、发芽指数、畸形率等参数,研究其发芽特性。结果表明:老芒麦种子具有一定的休眠性,贮藏时间对种子发芽特性有显著的影响;随贮藏时间的增加,种子发芽势、发芽力、发芽指数显著增大,幼苗的畸形率逐渐下降,但种子的腐败率逐渐增加;生产中要选择合适的播种时期与播种量,以提高种子的种用价值。种子贮藏时,要注意贮藏条件的选择,避免种子腐败,保持种子具有较强的种子活力。     

Changes of cation pools of the topsoil in south Swedish beech forests between 1979 and 1989

Repeated analyses of exchangeable K, Ca, Mg and Zn revealed that the pools have decreased significantly in the topsoil (0–5 cm) of south Swedish beech forest during the 1980s. The largest decreases of K, Ca and Mg were found in the originally least acid soils, indicating that the limit for further losses from the topsoil is being approached in the most acid soils at today's deposition climate. The decrease of Zn was, on the other hand, largest in the most acid soils. Manganese had increased in especially the least acid soils, probably due to a conversion from non‐exchangeable pools as a result of the acidity change. The base saturation of the studied beech stands ranged 7.7–58.5% (mean 20.3%). The decrease rate of the exchangeable pools of K, Ca and Mg, estimated from two different time series has been relatively constant since 1949. The Zn pool has, however, decreased faster during the last decade, partly due to a lowered deposition of this element. Extrapolation of the data indicates that, as an average, only 20% of the pools of 1950 will remain in the topsoil in the year 2050.     

路面基层中粉煤灰SO3含量超标的危害及防治对策

石灰粉煤灰稳定碎石基层松散从而导致沥青路面结构开裂、起拱,经分析是由于基层中粉煤灰原材料SO3含量偏高,遇水后产生化学反应造成结构体积膨胀,最终导致基层和面层整体破坏。本文进一步分析粉煤灰原材料SO3含量偏高的原因,进而提出石灰粉煤灰稳定碎石结构原材料及施工过程的质量控制措施。     

大庆湿地类型及文化旅游价值估算

湿地是一种特殊的具有多种功能的生态系统,湿地在保护生物多样性、保持生态环境和可持续发展方面具有重要价值。本文以大庆湿地为研究对象,结合大庆地区2007年LANDSAT TM遥感图形解译数据和实地调查数据,采用地理信息系统技术(GIS),分析大庆湿地分布特征和类型。在此基础上选用费用支出法对大庆湿地文化旅游价值进行了估算:计算结果表明,大庆湿地文化科研价值为4.159 236亿元,大庆湿地旅游价值为7.48亿元,大庆湿地文化旅游价值为11.639 236亿元。