改性脲醛树脂胶玉米秸秆皮碎料板的制备工艺

研究了玉米秸秆的结构及组成、玉米秸秆中皮、瓤、叶各部分所占的比例及皮与瓤的化学组成,分析探讨了合理的玉米秸秆的皮、瓤、叶分离工艺,对分离后玉米秸秆皮原料的加工处理工艺进行了探索。为确定改性脲醛树脂胶玉米秸秆皮板的制板工艺,通过正交试验对比分析了4个因素(热压时间、热压温度、密度和施胶量)对碎料板性能指标的影响,确定较佳的玉米秸秆皮板生产工艺为:热压温度155℃、热压时间4 min(板厚度10mm)、施胶量12%、密度为0.7 g/m3。     

一种适合杨树树皮的蛋白质提取方法

双向电泳技术是进行蛋白质组分分离和功能鉴定的重要步骤。提取和制备高质量的蛋白质是进行双向电泳的首要前提。杨树树皮组织中含有大量的干扰物质,影响了蛋白质的提取和双向电泳的分离效果。为建立一种适合杨树树皮蛋白质的双向电泳程序,本实验以107杨为材料,采用改良的三氯乙酸-丙酮沉淀法提取杨树树皮蛋白质,经双向电泳和考马斯亮蓝染色检测,得到了理想的双向电泳图谱,为杨树与病原互作的蛋白质组学研究奠定了基础。     

山白兰树皮率、心材率及木材密度研究

采用排水法、体积法及质量法测定了山白兰树的密度、树皮率、生材体积和树皮率。结果表明:山白兰生材密度从髓心向外呈先减少,随后略增加的趋势,随着树高的增加,生材密度减小,生材密度的平均值为0.864g.cm-3;基本密度自髓心向外呈增大趋势,随着树高增加,基本密度减小,基本密度的平均值为0.462g.cm-3;生材含水率从髓心向外呈减小的趋势,随着树高的增加,生材含水率先增加后减小,生材含水率的平均值为89.0%;树皮体积百分率及质量百分率均随着树高的增加而增加,树皮体积百分率及质量百分率平均值分别为16.2%、20.4%;心材率随着树高的增加而减少,心材百分率平均值为16.3%。     

白桦树皮提取物的降血脂作用研究

目的研究白桦树皮提取物（BH）的降血脂作用．方法分正常组、模型组、BH给药组：高（300mg／kg）、中（200mg／kg）、低（100mg／kg）剂量和阳性对照组：脂必妥（300mg／kg）．预防给药7d,末次给药2h后,腹腔注射75％蛋黄乳液制作小鼠高脂血症模型,造模12h后测定不同剂量的BH对小鼠血脂水平的影响．结果白桦树皮提取物能够显著降低小鼠血清中TC,TG,LDL-C浓度,显著升高HDL-C．结论白桦树皮提取物具有明显的降血脂作用．     

The complex symbiotic relationships of bark beetles with microorganisms: a potential practical approach for biological control in forestry

Bark beetles, especially Dendroctonus species, are considered to be serious pests of the coniferous forests in North America. Bark beetle forest pests undergo population eruptions, causing region wide economic losses. In order to save forests, finding new and innovative environmentally friendly approaches in wood-boring insect pest management is more important than ever. Several biological control methods have been attempted over time to limit the damage and spreading of bark beetle epidemics. The use of entomopathogenic microorganisms against bark beetle populations is an attractive alternative tool for many biological control programmes in forestry. However, the effectiveness of these biological control agents is strongly affected by environmental factors, as well as by the susceptibility of the insect host. Bark beetle susceptibility to entomopathogens varies greatly between species. According to recent literature, bark beetles are engaged in symbiotic relationships with fungi and bacteria. These types of relationship are very complex and apparently involved in bark beetle defensive mechanisms against pathogens. The latest scientific discoveries in multipartite symbiosis have unravelled unexpected opportunities in bark beetle pest management, which are discussed in this article.     

小蠹虫肠道中纤维素降解菌的分离及其产酶性质

从小蠹虫幼虫肠道中筛选分离出降解纤维素的菌株5株,通过杜氏纤维素选择性培养基,以滤纸、脱脂棉和羧甲基纤维素钠为底物,测定菌株所产纤维素酶的活力。结果表明:酶活最强的为HS-11-5号菌株,最大酶活32.62 U/mL;此菌株的最佳产酶条件为:培养发酵时间50 h,培养所需最佳氮源为硫酸铵,培养最佳pH 7.5～8.5,培养最适温度28～30℃,最佳瓶装量为占培养瓶容积的12%～16%。     

Detecting spruce and fir log diameter under bark by using shape and image data

The sawmilling industry stores and measures logs in bark in order to maximise efficiency, quality conservation and preservation. Billing is based on the diameter under bark, estimated based on manual or automatic bark detection. Although an automatic system is desirable for the industry, existing systems like tracheid effect scanners, X-ray or computed tomography either do not work reliably during all seasons or are very cost-intensive. This paper presents an approach for automatic determination of diameter under bark based on a multi-sensor approach including shape data, colour image data and tracheid effect data using laser scanning. For 686 spruce (Picea abies) and 79 fir (Abies alba) logs, diameters under bark are estimated and compared to the diameter after machine debarking. Estimation errors are close to zero and are below ±10 mm for more than 94% of the logs. Influences of season or characteristics like bark beetle are small. Specialised algorithms for diameter estimation in the presence of snow or bark beetle might further improve the result at the cost of required extra manual input.     

Resin Tapping and Forest Cooperatives in Honduras

Abstract

Case studies were completed on five Honduran agro-forestry cooperatives. A comparative instrumental analysis of the five case studies was utilized to determine the factors most important for success or failure of a cooperative. The case studies yielded ten focus areas of importance: forest resource base, land tenure, structure and governance, benefits for cooperative members and communities, institutional support, international aid projects, pine bark beetle, resin tapping, logging and marketing, and integration of logging and resin tapping.     

不同粒径的桉树皮基质对桉树苗木的影响

以桉树皮为材料,通过对3种粒径桉树皮基质理化性质分析和苗木调查,研究不同粒径对基质理化性能和育苗效果的影响。试验结果表明：在育苗过程中,粒径〈2mm的桉树皮基质理化性质相对更稳定,苗木生长量最大,育苗效果最好;粒径2～5mm和5～10mm的桉树皮基质理化性质变化较明显,而粒径5～10mm的基质孔隙性变化最大,化学性质不够稳定,粒径对育苗基质和育苗效果影响较大。     

Physiology and Regulation of Seasonal Nitrogen Cycling in Woody Plants

Summary

Seasonal nitrogen cycling in trees is a mechanism for conserving and reusing nitrogen that may contribute to nitrogen use efficiency. In this review the physiological and molecular regulation of seasonal nitrogen storage is examined. Research using the 32 kDa bark storage protein gene, bspA of poplar (Populus) as a model system has revealed important facets regulating gene expression and subsequent nitrogen storage. Recent progress has demonstrated that bspA expression is a photoperiod response mediated by phytochrome and secondary messengers including Ca²⁺ and protein phosphorylation are involved in signaling pathways. Furthermore, evidence indicates that photoperiod modulated expression likely involves metabolic signaling mediated by glutamine and sucrose. A model is proposed that integrates the various facets of poplar bspa expression.