库布齐沙漠高大流动沙丘沙柳造林技术试验研究

通过对库布齐沙漠东北缘新月型沙丘段进行沙柳造林技术试验研究,得出如下结论：①分别用浓度为100 mg/L的ABT1号生根粉溶液和水对沙柳穗条浸泡处理后,进行扦插造林,3个月后调查结果表明,造林成活率比其对照分别提高了12.4%和10.1%;穗条细根发育数量提高28.2%和23.2%,对穗条分枝数、枝条高生长和基径生长影响不显著。②设置沙柳机械沙障与未设林地年风蚀土层厚分别为23.6 cm/a和95.8cm/a,设置沙障后土层风蚀量平均减少了75.4%,固沙效果十分明显。行列式林地土壤风蚀量与行距相关,行距2 m与行距4 m相比,风蚀量约降低16.1%。③穗条栽植数量每穴2条较每穴4条,造林成活率和幼林保存率分别提高近5.0%和50.3%,该地区选择坡度5°～15°的垂直于主风向的平缓坡面中、下坡位为造林适宜地。     

章古台固沙林几种更新造林模式的初步研究

在章古台樟子松固沙林采伐迹地上,按照不同沙丘部位,选择不同造林树种进行了杨树用材林模式、樟子松杨树针阔混交造林模式、阔叶树混交造林模式、乔灌混交造林模式、针针混交造林模式等5种更新模式造林,通过调查分析可知,樟子松混交林的生长量与生态效益显著高于樟子松纯林.在沙丘下部与丘间低地杨树的生长量明显高于樟子松.降低造林密度,...     

求灌溉入渗补给系数的一种简易方法─—趋势模拟积分法

灌溉入渗补给量的计算是三水转化研究的重要内容，也是制定合理灌溉制度必须考虑的问题。本文根据１９９０～１９９３年在西辽河平原灌区所做的不同非饱和带岩性、不同潜水位埋深、不同灌水定额条件下的多组专项灌溉入渗补给试验研究，提出了计算灌溉入渗系数的简易方法一水丘面趋势模拟积分法，既可以减少野外试验强度，又能提高计算精度。     

流动沙丘白刺造林技术试验研究

通过流动沙丘造林试验研究发现,唐古特白刺在流动沙丘可采用植苗和扦插进行造林。流动沙丘植苗造林不仅成活率、保存率接近大田造林,而且生长表现包括冠幅、地径优于大田和草沙障沙丘造林。流动沙丘扦插造林成活率和保存率低于大田,但远高于草沙障沙丘,且插条长度和生根粉对唐古特白刺扦插的成活率和保存率有显著影响,用250mg/L浓度生根粉的泥浆蘸根,60cm长度插条扦插成活率和保存率分别达到72.5%和45.4%。     

沙地人工植被恢复及其对土壤改良作用的研究

通过对科尔沁沙地流动沙丘人工固沙植被恢复过程及对土壤改良作用的研究表明,在流动沙丘进行人工固沙时采用1.0 m×1.0 m草方格,播种小叶锦鸡儿具有较好的固沙效果,经过3～4 a可使沙丘表面得到固定。在围栏封育条件下实施适宜的植被恢复措施,可在2～3 a获得明显的固沙效果。小叶锦鸡儿人工固沙群落内土壤养分随群落的生长发育而发生变化,在0～30 cm土层中,有机质、速效钾、全氮、水解性氮、全磷、有效磷含量都表现为：11年生群落〉6年生群落〉流动沙丘。     

科尔沁沙地流动沙丘土壤水分空间变化特征分析

应用地统计学原理,分析了科尔沁沙地流动沙丘不同部位和深度土壤水分的空间变化特点。结果表明,流动沙丘土壤水分空间分布呈现明显的空间异质性,土壤水分在流动沙丘的不同坡面和同坡面的不同区域呈现明显的不均匀分布特征,表层(0~40 cm)和浅层(40~100 cm)土壤水分是此空间差异的主要来源,其空间分布变异性明显高于深层(100~200 cm)土壤;半方差分析结果也显示出表层和浅层土壤水分的空间异质性组成主要由随机因素引起,具有相对较小的变程,而深层土壤水分主要受到其自身土壤物理组成性质的影响,具有较强的空间自相关性,具有较大的变程,二者空间分布特点存在明显差异。流动沙丘土壤水分空间分布特点的明确,对阐述固沙先锋植物的侵入和定居格局具有现实的指导意义,也为人工固沙植被的建立提供理论指导。     

基于3S技术的库布齐沙漠抛物线形沙丘形态变化研究

以库布齐沙漠南缘典型抛物线形沙丘为研究对象,利用差分GPS实测数据,通过GIS空间插值生成DEM,提取地形因子和形态参数.利用多期高分辨率遥感影像,获取环境本底,同时结合气象数据,对抛物线沙丘形态变化进行分析.结果表明,沙丘平面形态呈U型,丘臂指向W;纵剖面上迎风坡较缓,背风坡较陡,横剖面不对称;沙丘平均移动速度为11.69 m/a;沙脊线所夹中轴线走向为WNW-ESE,与盛行风或合成输沙方向一致;油蒿灌丛分布在两翼及其间平坦地,植被盖度年均减少0.95％;在长期合成风的作用下,沙丘向前移动,两丘臂间的油蒿灌丛发生阶段性的自然恢复.     

Recycling of Chicken and Duck Litter Ash as a Nutrient Source for Japanese Mustard Spinach

ABSTRACT

Recycling combusted poultry litter ash as a soil amendment would potentially ameliorate problems normally associated with poultry waste management. We evaluated the effect of chicken litter ash (CLA) and duck litter ash (DLA) as nutrient sources for Japanese mustard spinach (Brassica rapa L. var. perviridis) grown on a sand dune soil. Chicken and duck litter were ashed at five temperatures: 200, 400, 600, 800, and 900°C and the resulting ash samples were applied at the rate of 100 kg phosphorus (P) ha^?1. Laboratory analysis showed the highest P extraction with citric acid from CLA and DLA obtained at 600°C. Chicken litter ash was richer in P and potassium (K) than DLA but the later contained more calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg). The amount of ammonium acetate soluble calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), and K recovered increased with increasing temperature except for Ca and Mg at the highest temperatures, 800 and 900°C. Plants grown in pots with the CLA and DLA obtained at 400°C had the highest P concentration, yielding significantly more biomass with dense green leaf color but on average, the DLA amended soil had greater biomass. However, the P level was higher in CLA treated plants than DLA due to the higher available P level (citric acid soluble). Increases in electrical conductivity and pH of the soil were noted after harvest due to litter ash application. Our experiment demonstrated that poultry litter is potential source of P and other nutrients for horticutural crops.     

Nutritional and antinutritional components of Canavalia spp. seeds from the west coast sand dunes of India

Seeds of two coastal sand dune wild legumes, Canavalia cathartica and Canavalia maritima from the west coast of India were analyzed for their nutritional and antinutritional properties. The seeds contained 35.5 and 34.1% crude protein, 52.8 and 50.5% crude carbohydrates, 1.3 and 1.7% crude lipids and 3.1 and 3.5% ash content, respectively. Among the minerals, potassium was the highest followed by phosphorus. Globulins and albumins constituted the major seed proteins of both plants. Most of the essential amino acids were at adequate levels. Although the crude lipids were below 2%, the unsaturated fatty acids were high. Seeds did not contain tannins and trypsin inhibitors. The levels of total phenolics were low, but showed high hemagglutination activity. The nutritional properties of these seeds have been compared with other Canavalia spp. and wild unconventional or tribal legumes. Overall, the study results suggest that the seeds of C. cathartica and C. maritima possess potential nutritive value particularly higher protein, essential amino acids and low levels of antinutritional factors. These wild legumes are adapted to low nutrient, high saline and drought conditions of the coastal sand dunes; their conservation and domestication are warranted as potential alternative sources of protein.     

Effects of temperature and light on seed germination of ephemeral plants in the Gurbantunggut Desert,China: implications for vegetation restoration

Seed germination is a key transitional stage in plant life cycle and is strongly regulated by temperature and light. Therefore, research on the effects of temperature and light on seed germination is extremely meaningful for vegetation restoration, especially in desert ecosystems. Seeds of 28 ephemeral plants collected from the Gurbantunggut Desert of China were incubated at different temperatures (5°C/1°C, 15°C/5°C, 20°C/5°C, 25°C/10°C and 30°C/15°C) in 12-h light/12-h darkness or continuous darkness regimes, and the responses of seed germination to temperature and light and the germination speed were studied in 2016. Results showed that seed germination percentage of the 28 ephemeral plants significantly differed to temperature and light. We classified the studied plants as the following groups based on their responses to temperature: 1 low temperature responsed plants, 12 moderate temperature responsed plants, 7 high temperature responsed plants, 4 non-responsed plants and 5 plants of no germination. It should be noted that Corispermum lehmannianum Bunge is sensitive to both moderate and high temperatures. There were 4 groups of plant in response to light, i.e., 7 light responsed plants, 10 dark responsed plants, 6 light non-responsed plants and 5 plants of no germination. Based on seed germination speed of the 28 ephemeral plants, we divided them into 4 patterns of germination, i.e., very rapid, moderately rapid, moderate and slow. Combining variations of temperature, precipitation and sand dune types in the study area, we suggested that very rapid and moderately rapid germinated plants could be used to moving sand dunes in early spring during vegetation restoration, moderate germinated plants could be used to semi-fixed sand dunes in late autumn, and slow germinated plants could be used to sand plain in summer. Thus, seedling establishment and vegetation restoration would be improved by considering seed germination characteristics of these ephemeral plants in the Gurbantunggut Desert, China.