废弃纺织物/木刨花复合板制备工艺

采用常规热压法对废弃纺织物和木刨花制备复合人造板相关工艺进行了试验,并讨论了各因素对板性能的影响。结果表明:利用废弃纺织物和木刨花制备人造板在工艺上是可行的。制造复合板的较优参数:纺织纤维形态为碎布条或絮状纤维、刨花/碎布条配比为7∶3、施胶量为12%、密度0.7 g/cm3,最优配比制备的板材其物理力学性能都已达到GB/T4897.2-2003要求。     

Agricultural residues in panel production – Impact of silica particle content and morphology on tool wear

Abstract

Considering ongoing global deforestation and the increased demand for raw materials in all wood-processing sectors it is necessary to seek and employ alternative resources. Agricultural residues are potential sources of alternative lignocellulose-based raw materials. Research on substitute materials for wood panel production mainly focused on physical and mechanical properties of boards while much remains to be learned about machining. Therefore, studies were carried out to analyse the relationship between ash and silica content and their impact on tool wear. Ash and silica contents of agricultural residues were determined following ISO 3340. Particle morphology and elemental composition of selected materials were analysed using scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray analysis. Tool wear tests were carried out using particleboards made from wheat straw, canola straw and spruce. Analyses of various plant materials displayed no correlation between ash and silica content. Bio-mineralised silica structures in wheat and canola were different compared to coarse silica found in wood-based particleboard. Tool wear caused by these agricultural residues was just moderately increased compared to wood, despite the fact that their silica contents were many times higher. Furthermore, the impact of abrasive substances on wear behaviour was influenced by the density of the panels.     

人造板制品中三甲胺的检测方法研究

建立人造板中三甲胺的顶空气质联用检测方法,样品经盐酸溶液提取后,在氢氧化钠溶液作用下转化为三甲胺,顶空进样检测,SIM模式外标法定量。结果显示:三甲胺在质量浓度范围0.1~5mg/kg呈良好的线性关系(R^2=0.9994),样品加标的平均回收率为94.5%~101.2%,相对标准偏差为2.11%(n=6)。该法具有较高的精密度,回收率和重现性良好,适用于人造板制品中三甲胺的测定。     

后危机时代中国人造板产业国际竞争力与决定因素的实证分析

在运用 RTA指数对中国人造板产业国际竞争力进行测度及国际比较的基础上，依据一般化双钻石模型构建人造板产业国际竞争力决定因素的计量模型，并利用34个国家2000—2011年间的面板数据和固定效应模型进行实证分析。结果表明：虽然受到2008年全球金融危机的负面冲击，但中国人造板产业仍具有较强的国际竞争优势；本国森林资源数量、木质原材料进口、劳动力资源禀赋、劳动力成本、技术创新、国内需求规模与质量、国际需求规模、交通运输业、人造板机械制造和外国投资限制是决定后危机时代人造板产业国际竞争力的关键因素。     

山东省生猪生产格局及其影响因素的实证分析

依据《山东统计年鉴》(1981—2012)中的相关统计数据,阐述了20世纪80年代以来山东省生猪生产格局变化的历史进程;在理论分析生猪生产格局影响因素的基础上,应用面板数据模型实证分析山东省生猪生产格局的影响因素。结果表明:1982年以来山东省生猪生产格局经历了从"√"型格局到"⌒"状格局再到"·—S"格局的变化过程;上一年生猪生产格局指数、消费者市场潜力、政策扶持和畜牧业比较优势对生猪生产格局变化有显著正影响,非农就业机会有显著负影响,且上一年生猪生产格局指数的影响程度明显高于其余4个因素。     

ACQUISITION HARDWARE FOR DIGITAL IMAGING

Use of digital radiography is growing rapidly in veterinary medicine. Two basic digital imaging systems are available, computed radiography (CR) and direct digital radiography (DDR). Computed radiographic detectors use a two-step process for image capture and processing. Image capture is by X-ray sensitive phosphors in the image plate. The image plate reader transforms the latent phosphor image to light photons that are converted to an analog electrical signal. An analog to digital converter is used to digitize the electrical signal before computer analysis. Direct digital detectors provide digital data by direct readout after image capture—a reader unnecessary. Types of DDR detectors are flat panel detectors and charge coupled device (CCD) detectors. Flat panel detectors are composed of layers of semiconductors for image capture with transistor and microscopic circuitry embedded in a pixel array. Direct converting flat panel detectors convert incident X-rays directly into electrical charges. Indirect detectors convert X-rays to visible light, then to electrical charges. All flat panel detectors send a digitized electrical signal to a computer using a direct link. Charge coupled device detectors have a small chip similar to those used in digital cameras. A scintillator first converts X-rays to a light signal that is minified by an optical system before reaching the chip. The chip sends a digital signal directly to a computer. Both CR and DDR provide quality diagnostic images. CR is a mature technology while DDR is an emerging technology.     

橡胶树死皮病黄色体差异表达蛋白的初步分析

橡胶树"死皮病"给橡胶种植业带来严重的危害.为了更好地了解和阐明死皮病发生、发展的分子机制,研究应用双向凝胶电泳技术(two-dimensional gel electrophshiya/oresis,2-DE)比较橡胶树死皮株与健康株胶乳黄色体蛋白质组表达的差异.采用TCA/丙酮沉淀法提取橡胶树死皮株与健康株黄色体蛋白质并采用固相pH梯度(immobjlized pH graalient,IPG)双向凝胶电泳分离两种材料蛋白质,凝胶经银染显色后,用PDQuest图像分析软件进行比较分析、识别差异表达的蛋白质.成功获得橡胶树死皮株与健康株胶乳黄色体的双向凝胶电泳图谱.鉴定出13个蛋白差异点,其中10个上调表达,3个下调表达.并应用质谱技术鉴定了其中部分表达差异的蛋白质点,对渗调蛋白进行功能分析,认为渗调蛋白在死皮株中表现下调的情形可能与死皮病的发生有一定的关系.     

Sandwich panel of veneer-overlaid low-density fiberboard

Low-density sandwich panels of veneer-overlaid fiberboards of 12 mm thickness for structural use were manufactured at densities of 0.3–0.5g/cm³ using an isocyanate compound resin adhesive and steam injection pressing method. The effects of board density, veneer thickness, and resin content on the fundamental properties of sandwich panels were examined, with the following results: (1) The dry moduli of rupture and elasticity in the parallel direction of sandwich panels with thicker veneers were superior. The dry moduli of rupture and elasticity in the parallel direction of sandwich panels with 2.0 mm thick veneer at densities of 0.4–0.5 g/cm³ were 40–60 MPa, and 5–8 GPa, which were two and four times as much as those of homogeneous fiberboards, respectively. (2) The higher-density panels exhibited tensile failure at the bottom veneer surface during static dry bending in a parallel direction, whereas lower-density panels experienced horizontal shear failure in the core. (3) The dimensional stability of sandwich panels had good dimensional stability, with negligible springback after accelerated weathering conditions. (4) The thermal insulation properties of sandwich panels were found to be much superior to other commercial structural wood composite panels.Part of this report was presented at the 47th annual meeting of the Japan Wood Research Society, Kouchi, April 1997     

我国人造板工业现状与发展趋势

人造板工业是找国林业的支柱产业之一,它的发展对调整林业产业的产品结构,合理利用森林资源,满足国民经济建设对林产品的不同需求,发挥着不可替代的作用。特别是改革开放以来,我国人造板工业发展很快,人造板总产量仅低于美国,跃居世界第二位。在今后的１０来年内,我国人造协工业的发展趋势主要是：人造板工业企业向规模化、集团化和股份制方向发展;继续调整产品结构,发展人造板新品种,提高产品附加值和档次;加强行业管理和骨干企业建设,增加科技投入,提高综合实力和竞争能力;加强国际合作,扩大国际贸易等等,以促进人造板工业的持续、健康发展。     

Overall development of a bioprocess for the outdoor production of Nannochloropsis gaditana for aquaculture

In this paper, a systematic methodology is shown for the scaling‐up of Nannochloropsis gaditana production for aquaculture uses. First, an adequate culture medium was developed, prepared using fertilizers instead of pure chemicals. Subsequently, the performance of N. gaditana was modelled as a function of average irradiance; this model being validated in continuous culture experiments. The model was used to determine the optimal dilution rate as well as the expected biomass concentration and productivity at optimal conditions. Finally, outdoor experiments were performed to confirm the model's validity and to determine optimal conditions at real production step. Biomass productivity values of up to 0.08 g L^?1 day^?1 were obtained at an optimal dilution rate of 0.25 per day in 0.2 m wide flat‐panel reactors using culture medium containing 0.4 g/L NO^?₃ and 0.034 g/L·PO₄^?3. Fish trials with Atlantic Salmon demonstrated that the inclusion of produced biomass into fed increase the final weight up to 5%, thus confirming the adequacy of the biomass produced for aquaculture uses. The growth model and the scaling‐up strategy proposed here are necessary to develop real industrial‐scale processes capable of supplying microalgal biomass to the aquaculture markets, which in turn require a guaranteed supply and quality of the raw materials provided.