美国木材与纤维复合材料研究现状

对美国木材工业及纤维复合材料方面的研究及发展现状进行了论述, 重点介绍木材工业、木结构材料、木基复合材料、纤维复合材料、木材化学利用和木材生物质能源等领域的研究现状和发展动态, 并针对我国木材利用现状提出开展木材资源系统基础及应用研究、加快环境友好型天然纤维复合材料研发和加强木材化学及能源利用研究的建议。     

玻璃纤维增强连续塑料复合管道的应用性能

玻璃纤维增强连续塑料复合管是一种多层结构高性能柔性复合管,具有质量轻、抗腐蚀能力强、承压能力强、制作长度长、可弯曲、施工简易、维护方便、节能环保、使用安全系数高的优点,因此整体使用成本较低,有望逐步取代钢制管道,用于石油天然气的开采和输送.建模分析了玻璃纤维增强连续塑料复合管的力学性能,根据不同要求设计了6种玻璃纤维增强连续塑料复合管道,并实施爆破试验,结果表明:实际爆破压力与理论设计压力基本相同,压力范围为5.5～25 MPa,可以满足实际生产需求.     

棉纤维品质性状与取向参数的关系(Ⅱ)

应用Spinlab HV1900系统和X射线衍射强度-方位角扫描谱计算机分峰法测量了成熟棉纤维的长度整齐度Un、马克隆值Mic、伸长率E和微原纤螺旋角φ、微晶取向离散角α。讨论了棉纤维的品质性状与取向参数的关系,对于成熟棉纤维棉种间品质性状与取向参数的关系为: Un=7.888-0.018φ+1.929α (%) M     

稻秸秆纤维与麻纤维混合非织造布性能的研究

提取稻秸秆纤维与麻纤维,利用针刺非织造布技术制造稻秸秆-麻混合非织造布,并研究新型非织造布性能,主要为农业材料用布(如草坪培养基等)提供实验与理论数据,并提高相关资源利用率。实验研究表明,不同稻秸秆纤维提取温度、稻秸秆-麻纤维混合比、粘合剂浓度下制成的非织造布性能不一。在各单因素试验的基础上,通过L9(33)正交试验分析,以非织造布的吸湿性和断裂强力为综合指标,选择稻秸秆纤维提取温度为90℃、稻秸秆和麻的纤维混合比为1:1、粘合剂浓度为8%为最佳工艺组合。     

竹原纤维和竹粉纤维形态和化学成分分析

以3年生毛竹材为原料,研究了毛竹竹粉和竹原纤维的纤维形态和化学成分。纤维形态分析结果表明:竹原纤维的宽度(143μm)与竹粉(136μm)相当,长度(22.63 mm)远高于竹粉(0.61 mm),使其长宽比(158.25)远高于竹粉(4.49)。化学成分分析表明:竹原纤维的纤维素含量(65.6%)比竹粉(37.3%)高得多,聚戊糖含量(17.1%)略低于竹粉(20.1%)。竹粉中的木质素含量为24.5%,是竹原纤维中木质素含量(11.5%)的2倍多。竹原纤维的高纤维素含量和低木质素含量是其广泛应用于制浆造纸行业的重要原因。     

植物纤维墙体材料的发展现状及前景展望

简要介绍了植物纤维墙体材料的发展状况,阐述了其对建材业节能环保的重要意义,并对植物纤维墙体材料的应用前景进行了展望。     

Effect of Graded Levels of Fiber from Alfalfa Meal on Nutrient Digestibility and Flow of Fattening Pigs

The fiber level and composition have an important effect on nutrient digestibility of swine diets. Little information is known about the effects of fiber level and composition from alfalfa meal on nutrient digestibility of fattening pigs fed a corn-soybean meal-based diet. The objective of this experiment was to determine the effects of alfalfa fiber on the growth performance, intestinal nutrient flow and apparent total tract digestibility（ATTD） of nutrients in fattening pigs. 24 barrows（Duroc×（Large White×Landrace）, body weight=（60.6±0.7） kg） were randomly allotted to 4 treatments with 6 replicates of 1 pig per replicate. The pigs were provided a control diet or a diet containing 5, 10 or 20% of alfalfa meal during a 14-d experiment period. Average daily gain（ADG） and the ATTD of dry matter（DM）, organic matter（OM）, crude protein（CP）, neutral detergent fiber（NDF）, acid detergent fiber（ADF） and gross energy（GE） reduced linearly as the level of alfalfa meal in the diet increased（P〈0.01）. The total tract flow of DM, OM, CP, NDF, ADF, and GE increased with the increase in dietary alfalfa（linear, P〈0.05）. Growth performance and nutrient digestion were not affected by inclusion of 5% alfalfa meal in the diet（P〉0.05）. A multiple linear regression analysis, taking into account both soluble and insoluble fiber intake, explained approximately 70% of the variation in the ATTD of DM, OM, NDF, and GE（P〈0.01）. In conclusion, alfalfa meal should be limited to less than 5% of the diet in fattening pigs to maximize growth performance and nutrient digestion. Soluble and insoluble fiber from alfalfa meal has the differential roles in nutrient digestion, which may help explain the main variation observed in nutrient digestibility. These findings suggest that knowledge of specific fiber components is necessary to accurately predict the effects of dietary fiber on nutrient digestibility.     

肉鸡肌纤维与肉质关系研究

选用地方鸡种白耳鸡、泰和鸡、黄羽肉鸡康达尔 12 8cs、石岐杂鸡、快长肉鸡AA鸡cs、蛋用鸡罗曼褐cs和矮脚黄鸡 7个鸡种 (系 ) ,在同样条件下饲养到 13周龄进行品味、肌纤维等性状测定。结果表明 ,地方鸡种白耳鸡、矮脚黄鸡肉质最好 ,石岐杂鸡、康达尔黄鸡 12 8cs次之 ;罗曼褐cs、AA鸡cs、泰和鸡肉质较差。白肌纤维直径大于红肌纤维和中间型纤维直径 ,其所占比例与肉质呈负相关 ,白肌纤维比例愈高 ,肉质愈差。肌纤维直径与鸡的体重大小没有关系。肌纤维密度和直径共同影响肌肉的蛋白质含量 ,且与肉质呈负相关     

Correlation Analysis on the Fineness and Single Fiber Strength of Alpaca Wool Fiber

In this study,321 samples were tested to evaluate the correlation between fineness and single fiber strength of alpaca fiber. The results showed that fineness average of lateral part was 24.30 μm,subject range was from 18.01 to 27.00 μm,accounted for 72% of the total samples;The strength average was 8.31 cN,subject range was from 5.01 to 11.00 cN, accounted for 88% of the total samples, it showed that the overall fineness of alpaca wool fiber was fine,the strength could satisfy the textile technology. The correlation results showed that the fineness of different parts (neck, shoulder, thigh, abdomen, lateral and back) in different groups (sex, age) all reflected that the wool fiber of the back was the finest,the strength was the minimal;And that of abdomen was the thickest,the strength was the maximum. On the other hand, we knew the greater the strength, the fineness was thicker; The smaller the strength, the fineness was finer from the distribution of different fineness range corresponded to the strength. In addition, there was also a positive correlation between them in differernt groups (sex,age),the fineness of adult alpaca was thicker than yearling alpaca, the male alpaca was thicker than female alpaca; The strength of adult alpaca was stronger than yearling alpaca, the male alpaca was stronger than female alpaca. The above results showed that the fineness of alpaca wool fiber was positively correlated with the single fiber strength.     

骨骼肌纤维烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸四唑氧化还原酶组化染色的检测

本文应用烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸四唑氧化还原酶（NADH-TR）组化染色，将大鼠与家兔小腿胫前肌与腓肠肌的肌纤维型分成染色最深的快缩氧化FO型、染色较深的慢缩氧化SO型、染色浅的快缩氧化酵解FOG型及染色最浅的快缩酵解FG型纤维。这与定量分析结果相吻合。并对低温液氮保存骨骼肌标本进行观察，发现小块肌组织＋生理盐水和小块肌组织＋5％二甲基亚砜（DMSO）冷冻保护剂的玻璃化冻存一起浸入液氮制成切片，都未见冰晶形成；而在用5％二甲基亚砜玻璃化冻存大块肌组织切片见有少量冰晶出现；未使用5％二甲基亚砜玻璃化冻存大块肌组织切片见有大量冰晶出现。提示小块标本超快速浸入液氮内能减少冰晶形成，保证酶组化染色切片的质量。并进一步对烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸四唑氧化还原酶组化作用机理与孵育液的科学配制进行了探讨。