水稻品种与水稻细菌性条斑病菌的互作机制

水稻叶片接种3d后，水稻细菌性条斑病菌开始在叶片上大量增殖；接种10d后，病菌数量开始保持相对的稳定，但感病品种上的菌量比抗病品种上的菌量在10倍左右，病斑在接种后第3d开始出现，接种10d以后，病斑在感病品种上能继续快速发展，而在抗病品种上开始受到抑制，通过对抗病和感病品种叶片上的气孔观测发现，感病品种的气孔密度和气孔长度一般都较抗病品种大，相关分析表明，气孔长度理发师品种抗性相关。接种后对PAL酶的活性测定结果表明，PAL酶的活性与品种抗性呈负相关关系。     

小麦品种抗条锈菌小种专化性估测方法的研究

 在田间设置6品种×4小种组合的小麦条锈病隔离接种试验小区,成株期同步测定了各组合的组织学病变特征数值,包括侵入率、菌落面积、坏死面积、单菌落吸器个数和流行学特征数值,包括相对侵染点数、潜育期、病斑面积、产孢面积、孢子堆密度、病害传播速度和流行速度。计算了各品种,各项特征值的小种间变异系数和品种-小种互作方差贡献率并比较了在抗病性鉴定中利用它们估测小种专化性和非小种专化性的效果。在此基础上进行了多项指标间的相关分析。建议今后在抗病性类型鉴定中,将观察项目简化为镜检坏死面积比、单菌落吸器数或调查侵染几率、孢子堆密度等并计算这些数据的小种间变异系数来定量评价抗病性的小种专化程度。     

Differences in cultivar response and complete sequence analysis of two isolates of wheat yellow mosaic bymovirus in China

Seeds of selected European and Japanese winter wheat cultivars were grown at two experimental sites in China, namely Yaan, Sichuan province (YA), and Yangzhou, Jiangsu province (YZ), where wheat yellow mosaic bymovirus (WYMV) was severe. There were some differential responses of the cultivars to the virus isolates present at the two sites. The complete nucleotide sequence of both RNAs of both virus isolates was determined. Their genome organization was identical to that reported for a Japanese isolate and the sizes were very similar. Nucleotide comparisons demonstrated that parts of the CI and NIa coding regions on RNA1 and the N-terminal part of the P2 coding region on RNA2 were particularly variable, while substantially conserved regions occurred in the 3' UTR of RNA2, the 7K, one part of the CI and parts of the NIb and coat protein. It seems unlikely that differences in the 7K and NIa-VPg proteins are responsible for virulence differences and the CI and NIb regions were considered the most promising for further study.     

竹醋液对西方花蓟马的忌避作用

竹醋液是竹炭加工过程中的副产品,为纯天然产品,在农业上有着广泛的应用。本文在室外笼罩环境下研究了竹醋液对豆株上西方花蓟马成虫的忌避作用。结果显示:竹醋液的不同浓度和同一浓度下的不同处理时间,对西方花蓟马成虫的忌避作用有显著差异。浓度增加显著地提高了竹醋液对西方花蓟马成虫的忌避作用,而忌避作用随时间的延长而逐渐降低。质量分数为2.06%和1.03%的竹醋液对西方花蓟马成虫有明显的忌避作用,前者在使用后10d时其忌避显著下降。本文同时探讨了竹醋液在西方花蓟马控制上应用的可能性。     

水稻抗条纹叶枯病鉴定方法的研究

鉴于国内至今尚无水稻条纹叶枯病品种抗性鉴定标准的现状,本文分别研究了接种时间、接种强度与水稻接种苗龄3因素对抗性鉴定的影响。结果表明水稻条纹叶枯病的适合抗性鉴定方法应为：接种时间48～72 h, 接种强度2～6头/株和水稻接种龄期0.5～1.5叶龄。以本研究结果为基础制定了水稻条纹叶枯病品种抗性鉴定的江苏省地方标准。     

三唑磷在竹笋中的残留分析与消解动态

运用气相色谱法分析了竹笋中三唑磷的残留量和消解动态,建立了三唑磷的消解动态方程。竹笋样品经乙腈匀浆、净化后,在DB-1701色谱柱中分离并采用GC-FPD分析,当添加水平为0.01~0.1 mg/kg时,竹笋中三唑磷的平均添加回收率为94.0% ~101.5%,相对标准偏差在1.6% ~18.2%之间,以3倍基线噪音作为最小检出限,得到最小检出量为5×10-12 g,最低检测浓度为 0.01 mg/kg。田间残留消解试验表明: 竹笋对三唑磷的吸收在施药后1 d达到高峰,之后缓慢下降,药后30 d接近最低检测浓度0.01 mg/kg,半衰期为3.7 d,消解到0.01 mg/kg的时间为药后30.2 d,其消解方程ct=2.738 5e-0.186 t。建议三唑磷在竹笋上的安全间隔期应大于21 d。     

Evaluation of foliar resistance in potato to Phytophthora infestans based on an international field trial network

During the period 2000–03, local potato cultivars in Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland and Denmark were tested for foliar resistance to Phytophthora infestans (late blight) in an international field trial network. Four standard cultivars were included in the trials: Sava, Oleva, Danva and Kuras. Primary disease-assessment data were entered into a common database, and parameters from the disease progress curves were calculated and made available on interactive web pages. A regression model, using relative area under disease progress curve (RAUDPC) values for cv. Oleva as a reference, was developed for the estimation of 1–9 scale values, where 1 = most susceptible. Standard deviations for the estimated 1–9 scale values and a nonparametric rank stability analysis of RAUDPC were used to evaluate the stability of resistance of the cultivars. Overall, the results showed stability of resistance for cvs Sava, Oleva and Danva, but not for Kuras. Use of the Internet-based Web-Blight service in this study facilitated comparison of results among countries for the level and stability of resistance. The estimated 1–9 scale values were similar to, or slightly lower than, those from official cultivar lists or from the European Cultivated Potato Database, especially for the more resistant cultivars. Possible reasons for discrepancies from different sources and locations are discussed. It is concluded that RAUPDC and the derived 1–9 scale values are useful for ranking cultivars for resistance to P. infestans , but this information is not detailed enough for use in a decision support system for late blight control.     

川贝母新品种川贝1号特征特性及栽培技术

川贝母新品种“川贝1号”是从川贝母野生驯化栽培品种中经系统选育而成,并于2015年通过四川省农作物品种审定委员会审定。川贝1号产量较高、品质佳、适应性强,适宜在海拔3000m以上气候冷凉地区种植。与现有栽培对照品种相比,其鳞茎（干品）平均产量为123.36kg/667m2,增产36.57%;西贝母碱含量为0.083%,增加62.75%。该文主要介绍了川贝1号的特征特性及栽培技术要点。     

舒席竹编艺术在旅游产品设计中的应用

安徽舒城竹编自西汉至今已有几千年发展历史,始终是我国民间工艺和非物质文化遗产的重要组成部分,其蕴含的造物理念、传统美学思想、朴素材料应用观、绿色设计理念、可持续发展造物方式以及传统文化的思考,对未来旅游产品设计的发展有着重要的启示意义。     

近百年日本竹产业兴衰史研究

1912-2012年的百年间,日本竹产业发展经历了先兴再衰的过程。文章综合分析了近百年来日本竹产业的发展历程、兴衰的原因以及日本各界为振兴竹产业所作出的努力,以期为我国竹产业发展提供借鉴。