影响分娩母猪母性行为因素的探讨

分娩母猪母性行为的好坏直接影响到仔猪的成活率,尤其是一些母性行为失常的母猪直接咬死、踩死、压死仔猪,给养猪业造成巨大的经济损失。母猪分娩是受多种因素如神经、内分泌和胎儿等多方面影响和调控的一个复杂过程。近几年,虽然许多专家对分娩的机理进行研究,但到目前为止对造成母猪母性行为失常原因及机理的了解还不是很清楚。就分娩环境、机体内分泌、母猪遗传背景及产仔经验等影响分娩母猪母性行为的4个主要因素进行综述和讨论。     

Studies on the Photoperiod Sensitive Characters of Male Fertility Alteration of Peiai64S‘ Main Male Genic Sterile Gene

Peiai64S, an indica male sterile rice with a male fertility alteration under different environments, is selected from the offspring of indica rice crossed with Nongken58S. Nongken58S, a japonica photoperiod sensitive genic male sterile rice (PGMS), deriving from a natural mutant plant individual of normal japonica rice variety, Nongken58, is used as a male sterile gene donor of Peiai64S. But Peiai64S is not a typical PGMS rice, the male fertility is sensitive to temperature just as thermo-sensitive genic male sterile rice (TGMS). We have selected typical PGMS plants in F2 population of Peiai64S × Nongken58, whose ratio of fertile plants to sterile plants is nearly 3:1. The sterility inheritance conformed to one pair of gene segregation model. The result indicates the main male sterile gene in Peiai64S is not other than the PGMS gene, and comes from Nongken58S. The genetic background affects effective expression of the PGMS gene. This suggests that we ought to focus on optimizing the genetic background of the PGMS gene in PGMS rice breeding, and select an ideal genetic background as a transgenic background in molecular breeding.     

人工三倍体桑树新品种嘉陵16号遗传背景的AFLP分析

利用AFLP分子标记技术,从DNA水平对人工三倍体新桑品种嘉陵16号(2n=3x=42)及其亲本进行了遗传背景分析。获得了它们的指纹图谱、遗传距离及遗传相似系数,并绘制出了它们的UP-GMA聚类图。研究结果发现:嘉陵16号的母本西庆一号(4X;♀)与父本育二号(2X;♂)之间的遗传相似系数为0.6607。这为今后更具强大杂交优势和多倍体优势的新型人工三倍体新桑品种选育时杂交亲本的选择与组配提供了较有用的参考依据。     

加快海峡西岸经济区农产品加工业发展的思考

农产品加工业是发展海峡西岸现代农业的重要环节之一。本文在介绍加快发展农产品加工业的经济社会背景的基础上，分析了加快发展农产品加工业对海峡西岸经济区建设的重大意义，福建农产品加工业发展的现状，并提出了相应的政策建议。     

培矮64S的主效不育基因的光敏不育特性研究

 培矮 64S是由光敏核不育水稻农垦 5 8S作不育基因供体转育而成的 ,但其育性表现为较强的温度敏感性。从培矮 64S与常规稻品种农垦 5 8杂交后代 F2 中获得了典型的光敏雄性不育株 ,其可育株与不育株比例为 3∶ 1;证明控制培矮 64S育性的主效基因仍属光敏核不育基因。笔者在分析后认为 ,光敏核不育基因的高效表达对其所在的遗传背景有高度依赖性 ,在光敏核不育系选育中 ,在注重获得主效光敏不育基因的同时 ,还要注重对其高效表达的遗传背景的选择与改造。在利用克隆的光敏核不育基因进行分子育种时也要高度重视对转基因亲本遗传背景的选择     

云南土壤钴背景值及其特征初探

云南土壤钴含量呈对数正态分布,背景值高于全国,比较高的是石灰土、水稻土、红壤,比较低的是黄棕壤、砖红壤、亚高山草甸土。云南土壤的水平地带和垂直地带钴背景值分布有着明显的变化规律;由于成土母质母岩的不同,土壤中的钴背景值有明显的差异;发育于不同成土母质母岩的红壤,钴背景值也有很大差异;发育于同种成土母质母岩上的不同土类的钴背景值也有差异;土壤钴背景值在滇中和滇西北局部地区较高。     

试论政府运行机制创新中的薄弱环节及其成因

本文认为，而对当今中国改革与发展的历史性转变，政府运行机制创新中的决策机制创新滞后、协调机制创新弱化、监督约束机制创新乏力和应急处理机制创新迟缓等问题十分突出。而国家公务员思想观念和政府运行机制创新制度化的滞后，以及公共行政体制改革的不到位则是其主因。     

胶东半岛棕壤区域主要农业土壤中元素环境背景值

在胶东半岛棕壤区域共采集435个上样,测定了铜、锌、铅、镉、鎳、砷、鉻、汞8种元素;土壤剖面各层加测了钛元素,共取得4459个数据。对所取得的数据进行数理統计,获得本区粗骨棕壤、棕壤和草甸棕壤三个亞类的8种元素环境背景值。分析了該区域成上母质与土壤化学元素环境背景值的相关性和化学元素在剖面上的分布特征。     

土壤地质背景对南丰蜜桔果实品质的影响

本研究在实地调查和采样分析的基础上，对南丰蜜桔原产与引种地的土壤地质背景条件进行了比较，分析了原产地与引种地之间果实品质差异的原因，还研究了南丰蜜桔树体各部位中各种元素与土壤中相应元素的关系。     

Meiosis and fertility in interspecific hybrids of Nicotiana tabacum L. ×N. glauca Grah. and their derivatives

Nicotiana glauca is of potential interest to breeders as it carries resistance to black root rot of tobacco. Cytological investigations of sexual interspecific hybrids of N. tabacum T′T′TT (2n = 4x = 48) cv. ‘Wiślica’ × N. glauca GG (2n = 2x = 24) were carried out. The analyses of chromosome association at diakinesis and metaphase I in the PMCs of amphihaploid F₁ T′TG (2n = 3x = 36) revealed low variable pairing with 0–5 bivalents. The sterile amphihaploids F₁ were converted into partial female fertile amphidiploids T′T′TTGG by chromosome doubling. Among 36 mature plants obtained, 15 were found to have chromosome numbers (2n = 6x = 72) and were verified as amphidiploids, 9 had (2n = 6x = 70 or 71) chromosomes while the remaining 12 were haploid. True amphidiploids, in spite of quite high chromosome pairing during meiosis, were very different in pollen fertility, ranging from 0% to 85%. Male fertility disturbances did not correlate with the degree of female fertility upon pollination with N. tabacum. Sesquidiploids T′TG (2n = 5x = 60) obtained from backcrossing the amphidiploids to parental tobacco showed more than 22 bivalents, 10–12 univalents and occasional multivalents that indicated the possibility of interchange events between N. tabacum and N. glauca genomes.