Production of interspecific hybrids between Alstroemeria pelegrina L. var. rosea and A. magenta Bayer by ovule culture

Interspecific hybrids were efficiently produced in the cross-incompatible combination between Alstroemeria pelegrina L. var. rosea and A. magenta Bayer by culturing immature ovules with placenta 7–14 days after pollination on 2 g/l Gelrite-solidified MS medium containing 3% (w/v)sucrose. The plants showed intermediate characteristics between the parents and their hybridity was confirmed by karyotype and DNA analyses. The mean number of chromosome association per PMC at metaphase I was 2.60I+6.70II, pollen stainability was20.8%, and they produced viable seeds after self-pollination. Furthermore, mature plants were obtained when the hybrids were backcrossed as male parents with both the parents. The backcross-progeny from A. pelegrina var. rosea × hybrids exhibited 3.8 to 79.7% pollen stainability and that from A. magenta × hybrids 78.8 to 98.3%. Almost all of these plants produced viable seeds after self-pollination, which implies that they can beutilized for breeding of novel cultivars of Alstroemeria. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

世界极度濒危物种崖柏研究进展

崖柏(Thuja sutchuenensis)为柏科(Cupressaceae)崖柏属常绿乔木, 属我国特有、世界极危物种(CR), 具有重要的学术研究价值和广阔的开发利用前景。1892年4月在重庆市城口县首次发现, 此后"绝迹"了100多年。世界自然保护联盟(IUCN)曾将其定为野外已灭绝物种。1999年10月重新发现。在崖柏"绝迹"期间, 由于研究材料缺乏, 对崖柏的研究几近空白; 重新发现之后, 有关研究才相继展开。近十几年来, 广大科研工作者围绕崖柏的生物学特性、地理分布、群落组成与结构、种群结构与动态、遗传多样性、生态适应性、苗木繁育等开展了广泛研究, 并取得了丰硕成果。文中综述了崖柏的研究现状, 并探讨了未来的研究方向, 以期为崖柏的深入研究和拯救繁育提供参考。     

黑龙江省公路应急指挥系统的研究与设计

介绍了黑龙江省公路交通概况，在分析了建立公路应急指挥系统必要性的基础上，提出了我省公路应急指挥系统的设计结构、功能和工作流程。黑龙江省公路应急指挥系统的建成必将提高我省公路救援水平，减少人员伤亡和经济损失。     

部分菊属植物种间杂种难稔性及其克服

菊花(Dendranthema morifolium(Ramat.) Tzvel.)近缘种属植物中具有许多栽培菊花所缺乏的优良性状,如抗逆性、抗病虫性,通过远缘杂交结合幼胚拯救技术能有效克服菊属(Dendranthema (DC.)Des Moul.)种间障碍,进行菊花种质创新和品种改良[1].远缘杂交亲本由于缺少可识别遗传信息及染色体同源性差异,种间杂种可能具有难稔性[2].     

槭属植物远缘杂交初探

以美国红枫为母本,我国原产的元宝枫为父本,采用直接授粉法、切除柱头法、切除柱头加化学试剂法3种方法在温室条件下,用超低温保存的元宝枫花粉对带有花芽的离体美国红枫枝条进行授粉实验;子房发育约20~25d之后,分别采集经不同处理的子房对其进行表面灭菌处理后,接种于1/2MS+6-BA(0.01mg/L)+NAA(0.1mg/L)的培养基上进行胚抢救培养。结果表明:含水量为12.2%的花粉经超低温保存一年之后,保持着与新鲜花粉相当的活力。3种不同的授粉方法中,生长情况最好的为直接授粉法,切除柱头加化学试剂法次之,而切除柱头发效果最差。通过胚抢救技术获得了一定量的杂种后代株系。     

林芝市极小种群野生植物拯救保护对策探究

介绍林芝市巨柏、喜马拉雅红豆杉、墨脱虾脊兰和茎花石豆兰等4个极小野生植物种群的现状,对目前的保护管理现状和存在的问题进行总结,分析对其保护拯救的必要性,阐述4个极小种群保护的技术思路。提出就地保护、种苗繁育、近地保护、迁地保护、回归引种和离体保护等保护措施及对策,并对拯救保护的具体目标采取的具体措施作逐一详细阐述。     

Alteration of the genomic composition of Solanum nigrum (+) potato backcross derivatives by somatic hybridization: selection of fusion hybrids by DNA measurements and GISH

Fusion experiments were performed with a first (BC₁‐6738) and a second (BC₂‐9017) generation backcross hybrid of 6x Solarium nigrum (+) 2x potato somatic hybrids with potato cultivars. Because no progeny was obtained from the BC₂ genotypes, alternative approaches were sought to overcome the sexual crossing barrier. Five potato genotypes, one of which contains the hygromycin resistance gene, were used in the fusion experiments. All vigorous regenerants were used for the estimation of nuclear DNA content using flow cytometry. Plants with a DNA content higher than that of the BC₁‐6738 or BC₂ genotypes were considered potential somatic hybrids. Forty‐nine potential somatic hybrids resulted from fusion experiments with BC₁‐6738, from which 20 grew vigorously in the greenhouse and flowered. After pollination with several 4x potato cultivars, eight genotypes produced seeded berries and five genotypes gave seedless berries. In addition, 11 of these 13 somatic hybrids were selected for genomic in situ hybridization (GISH) analysis to determine their genomic composition. Nine had exactly or approximately the expected number of 36 S. nigrum and 60 potato chromosomes. In one genotype, only 22 instead of 36 S. nigrum chromosomes were found and one potato chromosome was possibly missing. Only five potential somatic hybrids were detected among the 79 regenerants from BC₂‐9017 (+) 2x potato fusion experiments that were analysed by flow cytometry. Two of these hybrids were rather vigorous and did flower, but pollinations with potato have not yet set any berries.     

Interspecific Crossability and Inheritance in Pelargonium

Different Pelargonium hybrids are of great importance to horticulture. Breeding; for F₁ hybrid and clonal eultivars is particularly prevalent in Europe, Japan and North America. The results of a great deal of breeding research are scattered throughout different journals and published in several different languages. The aim of this review is to summarize the results of research on interspecific crosses and the inheritance of flower and leaf colour, plant habit, resistance and floret type.