九宫山自然保护区社区居民对保护区态度调查及协调对策

2005年7～11月对九宫山自然保护区社区居民进行了对保护区态度调查,结果表明:大多数农户对保护区持支持态度,且农户态度越来越积极;随着距核心区的距离增大,农户态度由积极变为消极;改善基础设施使农户态度更积极;受教育程度高的农户更积极;到过保护区务工的农户更积极;遭受过野猪危害的农户消极;经济收入增加与农户态度之间的关系较复杂.提出了实施社区共管并加强宣传和教育,逐步实施移民政策,增加农户就业机会,实施能源替代工程,科学实施封山、禁猎政策等协调对策.     

Comparative analysis of farmers engaged in participatory research to cope with climate change versus non-participants in Northeast Thailand

ABSTRACT

To assess the extent of improvement of rainfed rice production by using a participatory approach, we compared research project participants and non-participants (total of 206 rice-growing households) with regard to yield variability and their perspective on climate change at seven sites in Northeast Thailand. The participants were characterized by membership in local groups, an active learning attitude, and confidence in their farming. Compared to non-participants, the participants produced crops with higher yield and had more knowledge about the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) message and advanced farming technologies. Both groups had similar reactions to past climatic damage experiences, but the participants tended to have a more positive attitude about adaptation to climate change and mitigation by refraining from residual straw burning than the non-participants. The farmers’ attitude about adaptation to climate change was positively associated with their active learning and close relationship with researchers. There was a large yield gap between the bottom 10 percentile farmers (0.63 t/ha) and the top 10 percentile farmers (4.05 t/ha), with an average yield of 2.18 t/ha. Yield was associated with the level of market orientation, with the market-oriented farmers attaining higher yield, including yield from broadcast seeding (2.71 t/ha), than the subsistence farmers (1.66 t/ha). Our findings suggest that technical improvement of rice production in the region by using the participatory approach could be enhanced by selecting participants who are linked with local groups, tend to be market orientated, and are willing to learn with researchers.     

镇江市世业洲居民对推动生态旅游的认知与态度研究

基于生态旅游的内涵及发展意义,研究制订社区居民对于推动生态旅游认知与态度的问卷调查指标体系,建立完整的实证研究框架.通过以镇江世业洲居民为调查对象的实地调研,了解不同居民对于发展生态旅游的认知与接受态度的差异性,研究居民对于所在地发展生态旅游的认知与接受态度的相关性.结果表明:在认知上,不同婚姻状况、学历、职业、生态活动参加情况的居民存在显著差异;在态度上,不同性别、婚姻状况、学历、生态活动参加情况的居民存在显著差异,认知与态度存在正相关.针对现行的旅游开发与管理模式,提出旅游产品开发与推广,树立正确的环境伦理,完善利益回馈机制,健全生态旅游制度规范等建议.     

超声波果树冠层测量定位算法与试验

本文利用姿态航向参考系统、RTK-DGPS和超声波传感器,研究超声波果树冠层扫描时探测点在大地坐标系下的定位问题,建立了定位算法以校正车身倾斜对测量点位置计算的影响。文中考虑了车体的位置和姿态角信息以及超声波传感器安装的位置角度关系,利用一次、二次坐标转换建立算法模型,求解得到超声波探测点的绝对坐标位置。并利用农用拖拉机进行了直线行走试验和果树冠层扫描试验,其中的直线行走试验验证了校正模型的正确性。试验表明：通过姿态角和位置信息等建立的校正模型,消除了车体姿态角变化的影响,能正确解算作业车上任意点的大地坐标位置和冠层上超声波传感器探测点的大地坐标位置,使作业车辆在不平路面上工作时仍能准确地测绘出果树冠层形状。     

构建运动休闲城市的动力因素分析

运动休闲是21世纪世界的新时尚，把城市发展定位于运动休闲城市是体现人性化发展的重要举措。有些城市具有自然、人文、体育资源等多方优势，因而可以率先提出运动休闲的城市发展路径。城市自然环境条件、固有的体育运动资源、文化背景等等都是城市向运动休闲方向发展的动力因素，而这些因素需要政府的统筹规划将他们整合，形成系统动力。除此之外，一个城市的态度，包括其对技术、人才的态度，归根结底是它的包容精神, 从另一个侧面决定着其运动休闲化发展的轨迹。     

学生学习动力系统探析

阐述学习动力系统各要素的作用及相互关系,介绍促进学生产生学习动力的内部因素和外部因素,针对学生学习动力不足时的表现,提出激发学生产生学习动力的可行性建议,为推动教学质量的全面提高提供参考。     

我国公众对转基因食品认知的调查分析

转基因食品近几年来已成为我国公众关注的敏感词汇,公众对转基因食品的态度在很大程度上影响着转基因技术在我国的发展。为了解我国公众对于转基因食品的认知以及接受程度,采用网络电子问卷和纸质问卷相结合的形式面向对我国大陆中青年公民进行了调查,并得出以下结论:公众对转基因技术认识比较浅显,缺乏获取转基因信息的渠道;公众最关心转基因食品对人体的安全问题和对环境的影响;大多数民众愿意接受转基因技术的相关知识与信息,并愿意相信专家的讲解。     

基于模糊-比例积分偏差修正的多旋翼飞行器姿态测算系统

以多旋翼飞行器为平台,结合遥感技术可实现对近地面农田信息进行遥感监测。飞行控制是多旋翼飞行器的核心,它主要负责实时收集传感器测量数据,解算飞行姿态,通过控制算法控制电机运转。因此,准确实时获取姿态信息是实现多旋翼飞行器的飞行控制基础,该文提出了基于模糊-比例积分(fuzzy-proportion integration,Fuzzy-PI)偏差修正的多旋翼飞行姿态测算系统。该系统由加速度传感器、陀螺仪、电子罗盘和STM32F103微处理器组成。采用四元数坐标转换,将测算系统中各传感器测量的姿态偏差代入模糊-比例积分偏差修正解算方法得到多旋翼飞行器的姿态,通过串口显示测算结果,并在SGT320E型3轴多功能转台上对测算的姿态进行验证。试验结果表明该文提出姿态测算系统解算时间达450次/s,静态测量时横滚角和俯仰角平均误差为1.213°和1.072°,长时间静态测量并未产生漂移,为多旋翼飞行器准确控制姿态奠定基础。当转台以频率为0.1 Hz,幅度为30°的正弦波方式运动时,测算系统测量精度能达到1°。试验结果表明在该文提出的多传感器姿态测算硬件系统中,模糊-比例积分偏差修正的多传感器信息融合方法能动态修正传感器间的偏差,满足快速准确跟踪运动姿态的要求。该成果为多旋翼飞行器的姿态控制提供参考。     

固始人对普通话的态度

绝大多数的固始人,特别是文化程度较高的以及18~30岁年龄段的人,对普通话的实用价值认同度非常高,但对普通话的情感价值认同度却较低。不同年龄、不同性别、不同文化程度的人们对普通话实用性价值的评价不同,有过外出打工、经商经历或与外界接触较多的人们对学习和掌握普通话情有独钟。今后在该地区推广普通话,应着重提高普通话的情感价值。     

Psychological Factors Influencing Farmers’ Intention to Adopt Agroforestry: A Structural Equation Modeling Approach

ABSTRACT

The biophysical characteristics of the farm and farmers’ socioeconomic factors have been used to explain adoption of technologies in Africa. However, agricultural technology adoption requires that we also understand the psychological factors that can encourage or discourage farmer adoption of technologies. The aim of this article is to assess the psychological drivers of farmers’ intentions to adopt agroforestry technologies on their farms. We obtained data from 400 smallholder farmers in the Mt. Elgon region of Uganda. The Theory of Planned Behavior was used as the main framework. Quantitative data were analyzed using structural equation modeling to assess the impact of a set of psychological factors on farmers’ intention to integrate trees in coffee. The intention of farmers to integrate trees in coffee plantations was mainly driven by their evaluation of the benefits of shaded coffee (attitude) followed by beliefs about their own capability (perceived behavioral control). However, social pressure (subjective norm) was insignificant, implying that smallholder farmers tend to deny the influence of other people’s behavior on their actions. Therefore, farmers’ positive evaluation of shading coffee and the perceived capability to overcome tree planting barriers reinforced their intention to integrate trees in coffee. This renders attitude and perceived behavioral control as reliable predictors of farmer tree planting behavior, especially in the context of developing countries.