中华绒螯蟹养殖群体与野生群体的种群遗传学研究

研究旨在探究安徽中华绒螯蟹种质资源状况以及资源混杂程度,以期为中华绒螯蟹资源的科学保护、合理利用以及相关产业政策的制定提供理论依据。采集了中华绒螯蟹4个养殖群体和长江野生群体共170尾样本,基于线粒体分子标记,进行种群遗传学分析。结果表明,长江野生中华绒螯蟹遗传多样性低,盲目捕捞可能造成野生资源衰退。野生群体与养殖群体间未出现显著遗传分化,存在严重的种质混杂。研究探明了长江中华绒螯蟹的资源现状,为其科学的保护提供理论依据。     

关于SBS改性沥青在旧路改造工程上的设计及施工

在良好的设计配合比和施工条件下,SBS沥青能使沥青路面的耐久性和高温稳定性明显提高。本文将根据施工试验情况,论述SBS改性沥青的施工技术要求。     

Effect of a seaweed mixture on serum lipid level and platelet aggregation in rats

ABSTRACT:   To assess the effect of a seaweed mixture on lipid levels in serum as well as platelet aggregation in rats, Eisenia bicyclis ('Arame'), Hizikia fusiformis ('Hijiki') and Undaria pinnatifida sporophylls ('Mekabu'), all brown seaweeds, and Porphyra yezoensis ('Susabinori'), a red seaweed, were powdered and mixed in a ratio of 45:30:20:5 (w/w). When rats were fed a cholesterol-rich diet containing this mixture of seaweeds (9–10% w/w) for 28 days, serum total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, free cholesterol, and triglyceride levels declined significantly to 49.7%, 48.1%, 49.0% and 74.8%, respectively, of those of the control. Serum HDL-cholesterol, however, was unchanged. Though activated partial thromboplatin time, prothrombin time, antithrombin III activity, and fibrinogen levels in plasma were unchanged, the maximal ADP- and collagen-induced platelet aggregation decreased significantly to 89.0% and 85.5% control levels, respectively. These results indicate that this mixture of E. bicyclis , H. fusiformis , U. pinnatifida sporophylls, and P. yezoensis , is useful for the prevention of hyperlipidemia and thrombosis in rats.     

Comparative changes in water quality and role of pond soil after application of different levels of organic and inorganic inputs

Changes in water parameters were studied in a yard experiment for 7 weeks after application of cow dung at 20, 50 and 100 t ha^?1, poultry manure at 4, 10 and 20 t ha^?1, feed mixture (groundnut oil cake and rice bran at 1:1) at 10, 20 and 30 t ha^?1 and inorganic fertilizers at 100 kg urea+50 kg single super phosphate (SSP) ha^?1, twice this dose (2x ha^?1) and thrice this dose (3x ha^?1). To study the role of soil in the mineralization process, each treatment was divided into two groups – one with and the other without soil substrate. Higher degree of changes in water parameters was observed at higher input levels. Both organic amendment and inorganic fertilization caused significant reduction (P<0.05) in dissolved oxygen and increase in free CO₂, dissolved organic matter, total ammonia, nitrite, nitrate and phosphorus contents of water. Organic inputs significantly decreased (P<0.05) water pH and increased total alkalinity and hardness. In contrast, inorganic fertilization caused a significant increase in pH; alkalinity and hardness increased significantly in the presence of soil, but reduced in its absence. In organic input, presence of soil substrate caused significantly lower value of pH, dissolved oxygen, dissolved organic matter and phosphate‐phosphorus and significantly higher free CO₂, alkalinity, hardness, ammonia, nitrite and nitrate contents, compared with those in the absence of soil, revealing enhanced microbial mineralization in the presence of soil.     

Utilization of Fungi for the Biological Control of Insect Pests and Ganoderma Disease in the Indonesian Oil Palm Industry

Biological control is usually the first choice of control and prevention method for integrated pest management （IPM） strategies and has now been widely implemented by Indonesian oil palm plantations. Entomopathogenic fungus, i.e., Metarhizium anisopliae, Cordyceps militaris and Beauveria bassiana have been demonstrated to control renowned pests of oil palm. Metarhizium has been used to control Oryctes larvae and the mortality has ranged from 91.67% to 100% in laboratory and 7.4% to 88.75% in the field. Metarhizium has been applied in combination with a termite baiting system （TBS） to control termites in the field for preventive and curative action as well. In many oil palm plantations in Indonesia, Cordyceps has been used to reduce the field moth population ofSetothosea asigna. Application of Cordyceps within the oil palm circle was able to infect S. asigna pupae up to 80%. Meanwhile, Beauveria in an effervescent formulation was demonstrated to have better efficacy on Darna trima larvae. A significant finding on the biological control of basal stem rot disease （Ganoderma） was the isolation of Trichoderma sp. and Gliocladium sp.. The efficacy was conducted with promising result and techniques on the application of Triehoderma have been developed, i.e., hole-in-hole system, surgery and a mounding method. However, as the roots developed, Trichoderma was no longer able to protect the palm from Ganoderma. In spite of that, the use of Trichoderma still prolonged the life ofoil palms by up to 2-3 years. Another fungi belonging to vesicular arbuscular mychorrhiza （VAM） has been developed to control Ganoderma. The efficacy in the nursery showed promising results and the Ganoderma incidence remained low compared to the untreated control. Large scale field trials are ongoing. Challenges on the implementation of biological control in oil palm plantations are because of application and availability of biopesticides/natural enemies. Therefore, advances in research on the formulation of biological control agents are still needed.     

沥青老化再生的实验路径研究

沥青路面是现阶段应用最广泛的路面形式,随着使用年限的增长路面上沥青材料发生老化后使得沥青路面的路用性能降低,这样沥青路面的再生技术应运而生.通过对比不同老化方法和不同的老化时间得到的沥青残留物的各种指标与实际的废旧沥青的各种指标,找到方便准确的适用于实验研究的老化方法,然后通过对比不同的再生方法,寻找到用于实验室研究的沥青再生方法,从而找到适用于实验研究的老化再生路径.     

橡胶沥青制作工艺的研究

根据改性沥青的作用机理理论,通过室内试验确定合适的橡胶沥青制备方法,对由不同制备工艺的橡胶沥青的针入度、软化点、延度、黏度及弹性恢复率进行分析比较,结果表明：反应温度低于180℃时,低温变形能力及高温稳定性差,过高的温度导致橡胶沥青的脱硫及老化,反而达不到预期的结果,胶粉与沥青反应的最佳温度为190℃;胶粉不宜小于30目,胶粉粒径大,橡胶沥青低温性能差,粒径越小,黏度越高,低温变形能力越好。价格随胶粉细度增大而增大,经过经济性分析,胶粉的合适目数为60目;最佳掺量为24%（外掺）,掺量高不仅提高造价,而且降低沥青的施工性能。     

粉胶比对沥青混合料路用性能影响的试验研究

合理的粉胶比有利于提高沥青混合料的路用性能。试验在不同粉胶比条件下,通过车辙试验、低温弯曲试验、浸水马歇尔和冻融劈裂试验,分析沥青混合料的高温性能、低温性能和水稳性的变化,以确定合理的粉胶比范围。试验结果表明：粉胶比的增大,动稳定度增大,在粉胶比为1.2时出现峰值,随后开始下降;弯拉应变随粉胶比的增大而增大,粉胶比在1.0-1.1之间达到峰值,之后开始减小;劲度模量先减小后增大,呈凹形曲线,粉胶比为1.0时达到最小值;残留稳定度随粉胶比变化呈现增加后减小变化,最大值出现在粉胶比为1.0左右;冻融劈裂强度比先增大后减小,最大值在1.0-1.2范围内。综合考虑,在进行沥青混合料配合比设计时,粉胶比宜控制在0.9-1.2范围内。     

宁夏荒漠草原区草地混播研究

为了探寻荒漠草原区人工草地适宜的混播组合,利用紫花苜蓿（Medicago sativa L.）分别与蒙古冰草 （Agropyron mongolicum Keng）尧扁穗冰草也A. cristatum （L.）Gaertn页尧沙生冰草（A. desertorum Schult.）和无芒雀麦 （Bromus inermis Leyss）等4 种禾本科牧草以2颐1 的比例混播,比较荒漠草原区不同混播条件下牧草的生长状况和混 播效果。结果表明,试验区草地在建植当年以紫花苜蓿+无芒雀麦组合效果最好,紫花苜蓿+扁穗冰草和紫花苜蓿+沙 生冰草两种组合居中,紫花苜蓿+蒙古冰草组合最差;在荒漠草原中,混播方式可以有效提高草地的生物量,且豆科 和禾本科牧草混播有利于两种牧草的正常生长,是一组很好的混播组合。     

地巴唑合剂治疗耕牛前胃弛缓的疗效

本文报道了以灌服地巴唑合剂和输液等方法相结合治疗３１头耕牛前胃弛缓的治疗效果：痊愈２３例，有效６例，无效２例，总有效率为９３．５％。