不同育秧方式对稻瘟病发生为害的影响

不同育秧方式对比试验的结果显示,秧田期在接种菌源条件下,旱育秧叶瘟较水育秧发生早、为害重;大田期在不防治条件下,旱育秧叶瘟、穗瘟发生为害显著轻于水育秧。说明在防止菌源进入的前提下,旱育秧是控制稻瘟病的一项好措施。     

稻纵卷叶螟控制方法研究进展

近年来,稻纵卷叶螟已成为害水稻的重要害虫。结合生产实际,介绍稻纵卷叶螟的发生、分布、危害情况,重点讨论了控制稻纵卷叶螟发生的新方法和技术,指出存在的问题及对策。     

耕作方式对豫西旱地麦-豆轮作田土壤理化特性和酶活性的影响

为探明耕作方式对豫西旱地麦-豆轮作田不同土层土壤理化特性和土壤酶活性的影响,设置免耕(NT)、旋耕(RT)和翻耕(PT)3种耕作方式,分析了定位试验9 a(2009—2019年)后小麦收获期的土壤容重、孔隙度和有机质、全氮、有效磷和速效钾含量,以及土壤脲酶、蛋白酶、转化酶和碱性磷酸酶活性,并运用相关分析和通径分析研究了土壤理化性质与土壤酶活性的关系。结果表明：不同耕作方式对土壤理化特性和酶活性具有显著的调控作用,其调控效应与其作业深度相关。RT较PT有利于降低0～15 cm土层但增加15～35 cm土层容重,NT较RT和PT显著降低了0～5、15～35、35～60 cm土层的土壤容重,土壤孔隙度变化规律与容重相反。各处理间土壤有机质、全氮、有效磷含量以及土壤脲酶、蛋白酶、转化酶和碱性磷酸酶活性在0～5 cm土层和15～35 cm土层规律一致,0～5 cm土层均以NT最优,分别较最低值处理(PT)显著提高16.7%、53.2%、15.9%、23.6%、18.0%、34.7%和29.0%;15～35 cm土层均以PT最优,分别较最低值处理(NT)显著提高18.3%、23.4%、53.4%、...     

耕作方式及秸秆还田对土壤性质、微生物碳源代谢及小麦产量的影响

以小麦品种济麦22为试验材料,采用裂区试验设计,耕作方式为主区,分别设常规翻耕(C)、深松(S)、旋耕(R)处理,副区为秸秆还田量,分别设秸秆全还田(P)和秸秆不还田(A)处理,采用Biolog Eco技术测定土壤微生物碳源代谢功能,并分析土壤基本理化性质和作物产量。结果显示:深松与秸秆还田均有利于土壤含水量和有机碳含量的提高,0～15 cm土层分别提高了9.78%和24.00%,15～30 cm土层分别提高了7.08%和15.81%;深松提高了15～30 cm土层的pH值6.67%,秸秆还田提高了0～15 cm土层的pH值4.32%。深松和秸秆还田均有利于代谢多样性(丰富度指数、香浓多样性指数)、碳源代谢强度的提高,0～15 cm土层分别提高了26.84%、3.84%和38.02%,15～30 cm土层分别提高了11.87%、 3.63%和14.74%。主成分分析表明常规翻耕秸秆不还田和旋耕耕作秸秆不还田碳源代谢功能相近,15～30 cm层次内常规翻耕秸秆全还田碳源代谢功能和深松耕作秸秆全还田处理相近。深松和秸秆还田平均提高了小麦产量5.82%,微生物碳源代谢功能与小麦产量具有极显著的相关性。     

基于克里金插值的耕地表层土壤有机质空间预测

基于环境变量与耕地表层土壤有机质的相关分析,分别采用普通克里金(OK)、逐步回归克里金(SWRK)和地理加权回归克里金(GWRK),对吉林省扶余市耕地表层土壤有机质进行了空间预测。结果表明:扶余市耕地表层土壤有机质分布存在中等空间自相关性,受资源开发、耕作方式等随机因素影响较小;受曲率和植被长势影响大,受一阶微观地形、复合宏观地形及汇流和沉积物运移影响小;在海拔高、植被少且土壤水分不足的阳面通风山丘区含量低;空间分布以西南部为低值中心向四周升高,高值区出现在东部边界。GWRK中环境变量参与了局部回归,其模拟精度最高且揭示了更多空间变化细节。本研究的结果可为较大空间尺度的耕地表层土壤有机质空间变异与预测研究提供可靠的方法借鉴。     

Efficacy of Different Control Methods Applied Separately and in Combination in Managing Root-knot Nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.) in Common Beans

Investigations on the efficacy of various methods of managing root-knot nematodes in microplots and under field conditions revealed that soil solarization, Furadan 5G and Tagetes erecta applied separately or in combination with other control methods, were the most effective in reducing the numbers of three root-knot nematodes, and root gall and egg mass indices. These management methods also resulted in significant increases (P0.05) in number of pods per plant, number of seeds per pod and 100-seed weight, and increased seed yield by up to 96.7 percent. Farmyard manure and Crotalaria ochroleuca were the least effective treatments. The use of T. erecta was the most economical root-knot nematode control method.     

Variations of SOC and MBC observed in an incubated brown loam soil managed under different tillage systems for 12 years

To assess changes in organic carbon pools, an incubation experiment was conducted under different temperatures and field moisture capacity (FMC) on a brown loam soil from three tillage practices used for 12 years: no‐till (NT), subsoiling (ST) and conventional tillage (CT). Total microbial respiration was measured for incubated soil with and without the input of straw. Results indicated that soil organic carbon (SOC) and microbial biomass carbon (MBC) under ST, NT and CT was higher in soil with straw input than that without, while the microbial quotient (MQ or MBC: SOC) and metabolic quotient (qCO₂) content under CT followed the opposite trend. Lower temperature, lower moisture and with straw input contributed to the increases in SOC concentration, especially under NT and ST systems. The SOC concentrations under ST, with temperatures of 30 and 35°C after incubation at 55% FMC, were greater than those under CT by 28.4% and 30.6%, respectively. The increase in MBC was highest at 35°C for 55%, 65% and 75% FMC; in soil under ST, MBC was greater than that under CT by 199.3%, 50.7% and 23.8%, respectively. At 30°C, the lower qCO₂ was obtained in soil incubated under NT and ST. The highest MQ among three tillage practices was measured under ST at 55% FMC, NT at 65% FMC and CT at 75% FMC with straw input. These data indicate the benefits of enhancing the MQ; the low FMC was beneficial to ST treatment. Under higher temperature and drought stress conditions, the adaptive capacity of ST and NT is better than that of CT.     

草履蚧对林木的危害及防治

草履蚧寄主丰富,一年发生1代,大多数以卵在土中越夏和越冬,翌年1月下旬至2月上旬,在土中开始孵化,若虫出土后沿茎杆上爬至梢部、芽腋或初展新叶刺吸危害。造成树势衰弱生长量降低,危害严重时造成树木死亡。若虫2龄后虫体蜡质增厚,农药不易渗透,防治难度大。我们采用综合防治,针对不同的虫期采取不同的防治方法,取得较好效果。     

Submicron Particles Sizing Methods and Measurement Techniques

Due to a series of wonderful characteristics, submicron particles are of high value in national economy, defense modernization and high technology fields, with wide application prospects. Submicron particle sizing methods and techniques are difficult problems in particle research field. Modern methods for particle sizing are stated and analyzed. Some problems are discussed when these methods are used for submicron particles.     

应用采食模式改进蛋鸡饲喂制度研究

用40周龄 ISA 蛋鸡2116只,随机分为试验组和对照组,同幢鸡舍的2492只为大群组,根据基础日粮,均日喂二次,大群组日喂基础日粮四次,以研究对蛋鸡的影响。结果表明,试验组与对照组的产蛋率、蛋重及蛋的品质均无显著差异,但试验组的饲料成本减少14.74％,主要营养素蛋白质、能量和氨基酸的消耗也分别降低2.17％、2.92％和12.88％。作者认为,蛋鸡对饲料中营养素的利用能力,可能存在“时间节律”性因素的影响。