基因工程技术的发展及其在农作物上的应用

对基因工程技术的发展历程进行了概述,总结了不同的转基因方法;对基因工程技术在农作物上的应用进行了阐述;分析了转基因技术目前存在的问题,并对其发展前景进行了展望。     

Goat milk acceptance and promotion methods in Japan: The questionnaire survey to middle class households

A consumer questionnaire conducted with the purpose of ascertaining the acceptability of goat milk and related products in Japan was carried out on 345 guarantees of Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University in December 2006. 275 effective responses (79%) representing middle class urban households were returned. The results revealed that (1) 30% of respondents have experienced drinking goat milk and only 10% are aware of the current retail situation of goat milk and related products; (2) over 70% of goat milk drinkers raised goats by hand at some point in their past and their first experience drinking goat milk was in infancy; (3) those with experience in drinking goat milk expressed a vague evaluation and minimal understanding of drinking goat milk; (4) respondents who were inexperienced goat milk drinkers expressed a strong desire to taste and a weak desire to purchase goat milk; (5) respondents expressed low recognition regarding retailed goat milk products, but those who had already purchased goat milk products expressed a high evaluation and strong desire to purchase these products again; and (6) recognition of goat milk characteristics is low, but those with high recognition also rate goat milk highly. Goats are perceived as being 'mild and familiar.' It is necessary for those who manage goat husbandry to present goat milk and related product tasting opportunities to consumers. The key point is to make the functional differences between cow and goat milk clear and present the advantages of goat milk at the fore of this promotion. Goat milk should not be promoted merely as a drink that is similar to cow milk, but must be positioned as a functional drink or health food in order to expand the Japanese goat milk market.     

根蘖型苜蓿根部RNA提取方法的比较

以根蘖型苜蓿Medicago sativa的根、茎、叶为材料,利用紫外分光光度计和凝胶电泳法比较了改良CTAB法和TRNzol试剂盒法等4种方法提取的苜蓿总RNA的产率和纯度。结果表明:改良CTAB法提取的RNA的OD260nm/OD230nm大于2.0,并且OD260nm/OD280nm接近1.8,具有较高的纯度。凝胶电泳结果表明,改良CTAB法有28S rRNA和18S rRNA 2条清晰的条带,且很少有降解;TRNzol试剂盒法获得的RNA品质也较好,但存在降解和弥散现象;其他2种方法提取效果较差。这证明改良CTAB法提取的总RNA具有很高的纯度,可以满足进一步分子生物学研究的要求;TRNzol试剂盒法也可以满足实验的下一步要求,但需要进一步纯化。     

覆盖和粮草间作对作物氮素吸收利用和土壤硝态氮累积的影响

为了减少普通地膜和氮肥的投入,实现该地区农业生态良性循环和土壤的可持续利用,在甘肃武威试验站采用完全随机裂区设计,研究了不同种植模式（玉米单作、玉米//毛苕子和玉米//箭筈豌豆）和覆盖方式（普通地膜覆盖、生物可降解地膜覆盖、秸秆覆盖和无覆盖）对玉米和绿肥作物氮素吸收以及土壤硝态氮累积的影响。结果表明：覆盖和间作对作物的氮素吸收利用具有显著促进作用。玉米收获期,与无覆盖相比,普通地膜覆盖、生物可降解地膜覆盖和秸秆覆盖的玉米植株吸氮量分别增加21.46%,11.22%和34.63%,与玉米单作相比,玉米//毛苕子和玉米//箭筈豌豆的玉米吸氮量分别增加6.94%和6.26%。玉米收获期,秸秆覆盖的牧草植株吸氮量较普通地膜覆盖、生物可降解地膜覆盖和无覆盖分别增加46.75%,72.31%和21.76%,间作毛苕子的吸氮量较间作箭筈豌豆增加25.26%。玉米收获期,各处理玉米带、牧草（裸露）带0～140cm土壤硝态氮累积量均低于牧草收获期,无论牧草收获期还是玉米收获期,单作玉米的玉米带、裸露带土壤硝态氮累积量均低于间作玉米。玉米收获期,普通地膜覆盖和生物可降解地膜覆盖的玉米带0~140cm土壤硝态氮累积量较无覆盖分别显著增加32.87%和27.82%,普通地膜覆盖的牧草（裸露）带0～140cm土壤硝态氮累积量较生物可降解地膜覆盖、秸秆覆盖和无覆盖分别增加9.17%、6.07%和35.45%。     

mRNA差异显示技术、PCR技术及其在动物营养研究中的运用

21世纪将是生命科学的世纪。当前,世界各国都将分子生物学纳入本国科技发展的重点。分子生物学技术的迅速发展为营养科学探索必需营养缺陷的分子基础提供了强有力的实验工具。本文旨在对mRNA差异显示技术、PCR技术等两种最常用的生物技术手段的原理、特点及其在动物营养研究中的应用作一综述。     

中西药综合防治牛前胃疾病研究

现代养牛中前胃疾病是制约牛产业发展的一类重要内科疾病,特别是舍饲半舍饲状态下,肉牛、奶牛、育肥牛较为常见。笔者通过长期兽医临床实践、查阅相关文献、结合传统中医学理论,就牛常见前胃疾病定义、发病原因、症候群展开论述、典型案例介绍,提出了相应预防和控制措施。采用西兽药、中兽药、中西兽药联合用药,缩短治疗周期,达到标本兼治,降低经济损失。     

植生带草坪的建植及管理技术

:1997～ 1998年对植生带草坪的建植及管理技术研究表明 :选择草地早熟禾、翦股颖及多年生黑麦草按 5∶4∶1的比例混播制成植生带 ,采取床土覆沙、及时浇水、定期修剪、适当追肥、及时防除杂草和病虫害 ,建坪当年的草坪其密度、盖度、色泽等各项指标均可达到 5级标准     

野生动物种群格局分析方法

本文综述了几种种群格局分析方法，以苍鹭营巢的分布格局为例，探讨了这些方法在野生动物种群生态学上的应用，为研究野生动物种群的数量动态及其行为规律提供了理论基础。     

利用BIOLOG系统对不同种类细菌鉴定的研究

为完善细菌鉴定工作,本试验通过利用BIOLOG细菌自动微生物分析系统(简称BIOLOG系统)对13株大肠杆菌、15株巴氏杆菌和7株金黄色葡萄球菌进行了鉴定,并与传统方法[1]包括形态学观察、革兰氏染色、生化实验等的鉴定结果进行了比对.实验结果表明,与传统方法相比BIOLOG系统具有准确、快捷、简便的优点,同时也有一定的局限性,从而为BIOLOG系统的更好使用提供了实验依据.     

硝基咪唑类药物检测技术研究进展

本文介绍了硝基咪唑类药物的理化性质、作用、应用现状及检测方法,重点论述了动物组织,产品及排泄物中药物残留和饲料中原药的检测技术。