芦丁及芦丁金属配合物对木材霉菌的抑菌性初探

为探究新型木材防霉剂,采用抑菌圈法、载片观察法及木材防霉试验,探究芦丁及芦丁不同金属配合物对黑曲霉的抑菌效果。结果表明,芦丁-锰、芦丁-镁、芦丁-锌可以减少黑曲霉的菌丝数量,影响孢子的产生和成熟,对黑曲霉具有明显的抑制作用;芦丁、芦丁-铜、芦丁-铁可以影响黑曲霉的菌丝生长,但是对孢子的产生和成熟的影响较小,对黑曲霉的抑制作用不明显。浓度为1.6mg·mL-1的芦丁-锰、芦丁-镁、芦丁-锌浸注处理毛白杨的侵染值分别为0.67、1.33和1.50;芦丁、芦丁-铜、芦丁-铁浸注处理毛白杨的侵染值分别为2.33、2.50和3.33。芦丁-锰、芦丁-镁、芦丁-锌对黑曲霉具有较好的抑制效果,可用于制备木材防霉剂。本试验结果为芦丁金属配合物制备环保型木材防霉剂提供一定的理论依据。     

金鱼Tgf2转座酶的原核表达及其DNA结合活性

金鱼Tgf2转座子基因属于Hobo/Activator/Tam3(hAT)超家族,其编码的活性转座酶能在多种鱼类转座中介导基因插入及诱变,因此在鱼类重要性状主控基因的筛选、功能解释及育种等方面具有重要的应用前景.鉴于Tgf2转座酶基因(JN886591)存在众多稀有密码子,本研究依据大肠杆菌对密码子的偏好性,对金鱼Tgf2转座酶基因进行密码子优化,所得Tgf2转座酶基因连接原核表达载体pET-28a(+),将重组载体转化到大肠杆菌BL21 (DE3)细胞.该大肠杆菌细胞在培养温度37℃、OD600≈0.5时用IPTG诱导获得高效表达,即菌体中含有8.8％的重组蛋白,上清液中含有4.0％重组蛋白.采用亲和层析纯化从菌体上清液中分离得到分子量约70 ku的可溶性重组蛋白,经MALDI-(TOF)/TOF串联质谱鉴定其为重组Tgf2转座酶.进而采用分子排阻色谱法研究转座酶的DNA结合活性,结果表明:所得重组Tgf2转座酶能识别并结合含Tgf2转座子特异性亚末端重复序列的DNA探针,即启动转座.采用原核表达体系高效获得重组Tgf2转座酶,为其作为工具酶应用于鱼类生物学研究奠定必要的基础.     

Real-Time Soil CO2 Respiration Rate Determination and the Comparison between the Infrared Gas Analyzer and Microrespirometer (MicroRes®) Methods

Soil carbon dioxide (CO₂) respiration is one of the important soil health parameters that provides a general assessment of soil microbial activity and soil quality. Soil respiration rates, however, have not been widely applied in soil testing protocols mainly because the traditional methods are either inconvenient, technically cumbersome or too expensive. Currently, only two methods are available for a true real-time soil respiration rate determination (<2 h): the infrared gas analyzer (IRGA) and the microrespirometer (MR or MicroRes^®) methods. We analyzed the real-time soil respiration rates of 20 soil samples from fifteen states after various periods of incubation using the IRGA method and the MR method. The measured soil respiration rates ranged from 0.4 µL CO₂/h/g to 9.0 µL CO₂/h/g. Both methods show precision in soil respiration determinations (CV = 12.7% and 11.9%, respectively). Comparison of the results between the IRGA and MR methods indicates high degrees of agreement (r² = 0.914). This study shows that the MR method is a simpler and more cost-effective alternative for real-time soil respiration rate determinations.     

新疆红肉苹果杂交后代绵/脆肉株系果实质地差异相关酶活性的初步研究

 以‘富士’× 新疆红肉苹果杂交F₁群体中的2个绵肉株系‘绵肉1号’、‘绵肉2号’和2个脆肉株系‘脆肉1号’、‘脆肉2号’不同发育时期的果实为试材,测定其果实硬度、脆度、乙烯释放量和细胞壁降解酶活性,分析探讨它们之间的相关性。结果表明：①2个脆肉株系各个时期的果实硬度和脆度均显著高于2个绵肉株系;②在幼果期和果实膨大期的乙烯释放量均小,绵肉株系与脆肉株系间差异不明显,在花后130 d的成熟期,2个绵肉株系的乙烯释放量是2个脆肉株系的10倍;③2个绵肉株系果实的果胶酶和β–半乳糖苷酶活性绝大部分发育时期高于2个脆肉株系,而α-L–阿拉伯呋喃糖苷酶、β–木糖苷酶、淀粉酶和脂氧合酶的活性在发育前期差异较小,到发育后期2个绵肉株系显著高于2个脆肉株系;④相关分析显示,绵肉脆肉特性与多聚半乳糖醛酸酶、α-L–阿拉伯呋喃糖苷酶及淀粉酶活性密切相关。     

污泥复混肥对早熟禾草坪草生长性状及土壤酶活性的影响

为使城市生活污泥得以无害化、资源化综合利用,通过盆栽试验,研究了经无害化处理的生活污泥辅以化肥配制的污泥复混肥对早熟禾草坪草生长以及土壤酶活性的影响.结果表明:在氮、磷、钾施用总量相同的条件下,随复混肥中污泥含量的增加,草坪土壤脲酶、蛋白酶、转化酶活性显著提高,草坪草的颜色明显改善,剪草量、分蘖数显著增加,特别在生长中后期草坪颜色提高两个等级,剪草量鲜重增加10～15g·盆-1,分蘖数增加30～50个·盆-1,细胞膜透性降低40%.但污泥提供氮素养分占总氮量的60%以上时,其肥料效应的增加不再显著,故在配制污泥复混肥时,以污泥提供氮素养分占总氮量的60%左右为宜.     

无糖组培条件下猕猴桃茎尖快速生根试验

以美味猕猴桃‘郁香’和中华猕猴桃‘脐红’组培苗为试材,研究无糖组培条件下,不同基质含水量（50%、60%、70%、80%、90%）、CO₂浓度（800 μmol/mol 、1 200 μmol/mol ）及换气方式（自然换气、间隔 15 min强制换气、间隔30 min强制换气）对茎尖生根效率及相关激素和酶活的影响。结果显示,无糖组培条件下,‘郁香’和‘脐红’均在基质含水量为80%时生根率最大,分别为81.48%,81.67%。在CO₂浓度为800和1 200 μmol/mol 的处理条件下,2个品种生根率并无明显差异,但‘郁香’和‘脐红’在强制换气处理下的生根率均极显著高于自然换气处理,且间隔15 min强制换气的生根率最高,分别为80.56%和86.11%。与传统有糖组培相比,无糖组培条件下‘郁香’和‘脐红’的根系发育更好。‘郁香’和‘脐红’在无糖组培过程中,过氧化物酶（POD）、多酚氧化酶（PPO）、吲哚乙酸氧化酶（IAAO）活性均呈动态变化,2个品种的POD活性均呈先上升后下降的趋势;PPO活性均在第4天较高,IAAO活性均在第7天最高,且显著高于有糖组培。在无糖组培生根过程中,‘郁香’和‘脐红’IAA含量均呈现“V”形变化,第1天含量最高分别为（6.84和 7.45 ng/g）显著高于对照（4.85和3.71 ng/g）,第14天时含量最低（1.29和1.01 ng/g）,明显低于对照;2个品种的ABA和GA₃含量在无糖组培中始终高于有糖组培方式,且在第7天或第14天时含量达到最高。综上,无糖组培有利于改善猕猴桃无性繁殖的生根效率和提高生根生理代谢。     

Effects of changes in applied nitrogen concentrations on nodulation,nitrogen fixation and nitrogen accumulation during the soybean growth period

ABSTRACT

The specific mechanism by which nitrogen application affects nodulation and nitrogen fixation in legume crops remains uncertain. To further study the effects of nitrogen application on soybean nodulation and nitrogen accumulation, three consecutive tests were performed during the VC-V4, V4-R1 (10 days), and R1-R2 (10 days) growth periods of soybean. In a dual-root soybean system, seedlings on one side were watered with a nutrient solution containing NH₄⁺ or NO₃^? as the N source (N+ side), and those on the other side were watered with a nitrogen-free nutrient solution (N- side). During the VC-R2 period, on the N+ side, high nitrogen treatment inhibited nodule growth and nitrogenase activity (EC 1.18.6.1), and the inhibition was significantly increased with increasing high nitrogen supply time (10 days, 20 days). When the high nitrogen treatment time reached 20 days, the specific nitrogenase activity (C₂H₄ μmol^?1 g^?1 nodule dry mass h^?1) was similar to that in the low nitrogen treatment, indicating that the nitrogen fixation capacity per gram of dry mass nodules was almost the same. Therefore, it is assumed that long-term high nitrogen treatment mainly reduces nitrogen fixation by reducing the nodule number. The effect of nitrogen concentration on the roots on the N+ side was greater than that on the N- side. Taken together, these results indicate that nitrogen application affects a contact-dependent local inhibition of root nodule growth, nitrogenase activity, and nitrogen accumulation. The whole plant systematically regulates specific nitrogenase activity, and high nitrogen inhibition is recoverable.     

先秦两汉时期中国北方天然林木分布探究

孢粉、考古及历史文献等资料显示,先秦两汉时期中国北方地区林木分布广泛,种类繁多。春秋以后北方多数地区气温有所波动,树种结构也相应地发生了变化。春秋至东汉时期,东北地区受气候变冷影响,乔木植被中针叶林比率有所增加,落叶阔叶林减少,同时森林分布范围缩小;黄淮海平原地区针、阔叶乔木随气候变化互有消长;黄土高原区未有森林生长,河谷及山地植被以阔叶树种占优的混交林为主。除气候因素外,人类活动也影响着天然植被的变化。受秦汉时期经济、政治、军事等活动的影响,除东北地区天然林木保存较好外,北方其余地区林木破坏较为严重。     

Two new benzofuran derivatives with anti-inflammatory activity from Liriope spicata var. prolifera

Two new benzofuran derivatives, 2-(4′-hydroxybenzyl)-5,6-methylenedioxy-benzofuran () and 2-(4′-hydroxybenzoyl)-5,6-methylenedioxy-benzofuran (), along with 8 known compounds were isolated from 60% EtOH extract of the fibrous roots of Liriope spicata var. prolifera. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of extensive spectroscopic analysis. In an in vitro bioactive assay, the two new benzofuran derivatives showed anti-inflammatory activity. Compounds 1 and 2 exhibited significant inhibitory activity against neutrophil respiratory burst stimulated by phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) with IC₅₀ value of 4.15 ± 0.07 and 5.96 ± 0.37 μM, respectively.     

Molluscicidal activity of Solanum species of the Northeast of Brazil on Biomphalaria glabrata

Seven species of Solanum were screened for their molluscicidal properties against Biomphalaria glabrata, the intermediated host of Schistosoma mansoni, Solanum agrarium, S. jabrense, S. melissarum, S. megalonyx, S. paludosum, S. paraibanum and S. stipulaceum. Four extracts showed molluscicidal activity with LC(50) from 22 to 56 microg/ml.