碳链周围水结构与表面活性剂胶团化中熵增关系研究

本文提出了水分子在碳链周围形成笼状５员环结构的模型，并得出了ｍ个碳形成的直链在脱除其周围笼状水分子时，引起体系的熵增△Ｓ＝－３．１Ｋ［（０．５７５ｍ＋４．５１）Ｉｎ（０．５７５ｍ＋４．０１）－０．５７５ｍ）］。利用温度、ＮａＣｌ等对烷基硫酸钠ｃｎＨｚｔｕ＋ＩＳＯ４Ｎａ（ＣｎＳ，ｍ＝８，ｌ０，１２）ｃｍｃ的影响，求出２５℃时Ｃ＿ｍＳ胶团化过程中的△Ｓ°。结果发现，Ｃ＿ｍＳ的△Ｓ°和（０．５７５ｍ＋４．５１）Ｉｎ（０．５７５ｍ＋４．０１）－０．５７５ｍ之间有很好的线性关系。该关系式具有普遍的意义，从而证明了模型的可靠性。     

阴离子-非离子两性表面活性剂的合成

阴离子-非离子表面活性剂既能抗盐又能耐温,可以用于高温高盐油藏提高采收率。以OP-10为原料,利用 L 酸等对其进行化学改性,合成了阴离子-非离子两性表面活性剂。采用正交试验优化了合成条件,并评价了合成产品的界面活性。结果表明,合成的阴离子-非离子两性表面活性剂具有较好的抗盐性和较高的界面活性。     

双波长分光光度法同时测定立方氮化硼中铝铁

研究了铝（Ⅲ）或铁（Ⅲ）－二溴苯基荧光酮（ＤＢ－ＰＦ）－溴化十六烷基二甲基氨基乙酸（ＣＤＭＡＡ）体系的显色条件。提出用双波长分光光度法同时测定铝和铁的简便、快速和灵敏的方法，测定铝的波长对为５６２￣６４８ｎｍ，测定铁的波长对为５９６￣５５１ｎｍ，该法用于无机材料立方氮化硼中微量氧化铝和氧化铁的直接测定，结果满意。     

Mechanisms of cuticular uptake of xenobiotics into living plants: 1. Influence of xenobiotic dose on the uptake of three model compounds applied in the absence and presence of surfactants into Chenopodium album, Hedera helix and Stephanotis floribunda leaves

This study determined the uptake of three model compounds, applied in the presence and absence of surfactants, into the leaves of three plant species (Chenopodium album L, Hedera helix L and Stephanotis floribunda Brongn). The results with 2-deoxy-D-glucose, 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and epoxiconazole in the presence ofsurfactants (the polyethylene glycol monododecyl ethers C12EO3, C12EO6, C12EO10 and a trisiloxane ethoxylate with mean EO of 7.5, all used at one equimolar concentration and therefore different percentage concentrations) illustrate that the initial dose (nmol mm(-2)) of xenobiotic applied to plant foliage is a strong positive determinant of uptake. This held true for all the xenobiotics studied over a wide concentration range in the presence of these surfactants. Uptake on a unit area basis (nmol mm(-2)) could be related to the initial dose of xenobiotic applied per unit area (ID) by an equation of the form: Uptake = a [ID]b at time t = 24h. ID is given by the mass of xenobiotic applied, M divided by the droplet spread area, A. Total mass uptake is then calculated from an equation of the form: Total Uptake = a [ID]b x A.     

7种季铵盐阳离子表面活性剂对啶虫脒在防治烟粉虱的增效作用评价

采用温室盆栽法研究了7种季铵盐阳离子表面活性剂对啶虫脒在防治烟粉虱的增效作用,为阳离子助剂在杀虫剂领域的开发利用提供一定的依据。结果表明：季铵盐阳离子1227、12143、31506与啶虫脒混用,在高浓度（200mg/L）处理下增效作用明显;1427、31551、31527与啶虫脒混用可延长其持效期;31503无增效作用。     

Effects of adjuvants on the performance of a novel powdery mildew fungicide, 1-(4-chlorobenzyl)-4-phenylpiperidine

The effects of adjuvants on the performance of a dispersible concentrate formulation (DCI) of a novel powdery mildew fungicide, 1-(4-chlorobenzyl)-4-phenylpiperidine (I) were investigated. The method involved assessment, under glasshouse conditions, of the therapeutic (curative) control of infections of powdery mildew (Erysiphe graminis DC f.sp. hordei Marchal) on barley (Hordeum vulgare, L.) eight to nine days after spray application to plants that had been inoculated one day prior to spraying. The results from the first trial showed that marked improvements (∽five-fold) in the performance of DCI could be obtained by the spray tank addition of some types of surfactant adjuvants and a series of further trials investigating a wide range of adjuvants was conducted. Nonylphenol, alkylamine and alcohol ethoxylates varying in mean ethylene oxide content between 5 and 20 moles were highly effective. There were indications that optimum performance enhancements were obtained with these surfactants containing between 5 and 10 moles ethylene oxide. Lower enhancements, sometimes only marginal, were obtained from trisiloxane, phosphate ester, propylene oxide, alkylamine-propylene oxide and castor oil ethoxylates and also alkyl polyglucoside biosurfactants. Negligible adjuvant enhancements were observed with emulsifiable paraffinic/naphthenic and rape seed oils, though slightly better enhancements were seen with an emulsifiable transmethylated rape seed oil and, interestingly, larger enhancements with an emulsifiable lipophilic alcohol. A final trial identified the alcohol ethoxylate, ‘Dobanol’ 91-6, as the most effective adjuvant and that its optimum application rate under glasshouse conditions was 250 g ha^-1. This information will be used to guide the design of field trials. © 1997 SCI     

表面活性剂对乙烯菌核利光解的影响

研究了6种表面活性剂对乙烯菌核利在液相和固相表面光解的影响.结果表明,高压汞灯下,表面活性剂对乙烯菌核利液相光解的光猝灭效应随其添加浓度的不同而存在显著差异;但在玻片表面上,不同添加浓度对光猝灭效应的影响差异较小.太阳光下,SLS、SLBS、CTAB和S-20对乙烯菌核利的液相光解表现为光敏化效应;但在玻片上,只有SDS表现为光敏化效应.     

BS-12+DAS复配修饰膨润土对苯酚、菲的不同吸附模式和机理

为探究阴离子型表面修饰剂对两性修饰膨润土吸附不同类型有机污染物的影响,采用阴离子型表面修饰剂正十烷基磺酸钠(DAS)对两性修饰剂十二烷基二甲基甜菜碱(BS-12)修饰膨润土进行复配修饰,恒温浸泡处理法研究复配修饰膨润土对疏水性不同的有机污染物苯酚和菲的吸附模式差异及原因,并对比了不同温度、pH和离子强度条件下供试土样吸附苯酚及菲的吸附量及表观热力学参数。结果表明:BS+DAS复配修饰土样对苯酚及菲的吸附量随DAS修饰比例的增大而减小,且苯酚吸附量变化更为显著,复配修饰土样对苯酚的吸附模式为"无限"型分配吸附,对菲为"有限"型分配吸附;供试土样对苯酚及菲的吸附均为物理吸附,呈现增温负效应;pH升高促进了供试土样对苯酚的吸附,抑制了菲的吸附;离子强度在0.001~0.1 mol L~(-1)范围内,可促进供试土样对苯酚及菲的吸附;热力学参数结果表明,BS+DAS两性复配修饰膨润土对苯酚及菲的吸附是自发的物理吸附过程,DAS增大了土样表面正辛醇/水分配系数的对数(logP),造成了苯酚及菲吸附模式的不同,结果证实,以化学修饰方式增强土样有机碳含量以增加对不同疏水性有机污染物的吸附,不但要考虑有机碳含量的影响,同时也要考虑土样表面有机相和污染物之间"相溶性"的差异。     

5-Br-PADN与Mn(Ⅱ)的显色反应及其应用

本文研究了在非离子表面活性剂存在下,5-Br-PADN与Mn(Ⅱ)的显色反应及其应用.所拟方法能满意地用分光光度法测定钢样中的微量锰.     

纳滤膜在植物叶子、果实及动物体液、软骨、内脏的活性物质提取中的应用

简述了纳滤膜技术应用于天然活性物质提取的优点。从发明专利角度综述了纳滤膜提取植物的果实、叶子及动物的体液、软骨、内脏中活性成分的国内应用。展望了纳滤技术在该领域应用的发展前景。第2期刘超锋纳滤膜在植物叶子、果实及动物体液、软骨、内脏的活性物质提取中的应用