双波长分光光度法同时测定立方氮化硼中铝铁

研究了铝（Ⅲ）或铁（Ⅲ）－二溴苯基荧光酮（ＤＢ－ＰＦ）－溴化十六烷基二甲基氨基乙酸（ＣＤＭＡＡ）体系的显色条件。提出用双波长分光光度法同时测定铝和铁的简便、快速和灵敏的方法，测定铝的波长对为５６２￣６４８ｎｍ，测定铁的波长对为５９６￣５５１ｎｍ，该法用于无机材料立方氮化硼中微量氧化铝和氧化铁的直接测定，结果满意。     

离子强度和磷酸盐对铁铝矿物及土壤吸附As（V）的影响

选用针铁矿、赤铁矿、水铁矿、水铝矿4种铁铝矿物以及性质差异较大的黑土、紫色土和红壤3种土壤,研究离子强度和磷酸盐对其吸附As(V)的影响。结果表明,在0.01、0.1、1mol.L-13种离子强度下,矿物和土壤对As(V)的吸附量无明显差异或随离子强度增大而增大,其对砷的吸附以专性吸附为主。磷酸盐对矿物和土壤吸附砷的影响与其添加顺序及摩尔浓度比有关。水铝矿和水铁矿在这3种添加顺序下的砷吸附量无明显差异,仅在P/As摩尔比较大时表现出下降趋势;而在针铁矿和赤铁矿两种矿物上,先添加砷时的砷吸附量高于先添加磷时或两者同时添加时,且砷吸附量随P/As摩尔比的增加而逐渐下降。在黑土、紫色土和红壤上,先添加砷比先添加磷或两者同时添加时的砷吸附量均要高,尤其是在紫色土上。随P/As摩尔比升高,土壤对砷的吸附量表现出下降趋势。     

铝胁迫对向日葵可溶性蛋白含量的影响

选用向日葵为材料,研究不同Al3+浓度处理下(0.1、1.0和10.0 mmoL/L),对向日葵叶片和根的可溶性蛋白含量的影响。试验结果表明,在整个处理期间,高浓度Al3+(10.0 mmoL/L)可诱导向日葵叶片中可溶性蛋白含量明显高于对照组和其他处理组(除了Al3+浓度为1.0 mmoL/L)(P0.05)。Al3+处理15 d时,叶片中的可溶性蛋白含量随着Al3+处理浓度的升高而增加。Al3+处理5 d时,10.0 mmoL/L Al3+处理组根中可溶性蛋白含量明显增高。但是,在10~15 d期间,其含量明显下降(P0.05)。1.0 mmoL/L Al3+处理组的可溶性蛋白含量明显高于对照组和0.1 mmoL/L Al3+处理组。在1.0 mmoL/L Al3+和0.1 mmoL/L Al3+处理组中根的可溶性蛋白含量在处理15 d后明显下降(P0.05)。     

贮藏库铝排管蒸发器结霜不匀的原因与解决方法的研究

为解决排管库内的排管在供液过程中,由于节流膨胀阀和分液器安装不合理而造成的排管结霜不匀的问题,对三种不同安装方式的铝排管贮藏库进行分析比较,探讨排管结霜不匀的原因与解决方法。结果表明,二次节流产生闪发气体及供液距离相对过长,是造成排管外壁结霜不匀的根本原因。因此,在安装氟利昂系统时,应尽量减少闪发气体的产生;制冷剂进入每个通路铝合金翅片管的允许长度应控制在一定范围之内,尤其是用分液器进行分液控制时,要特别注意蒸发管的长度,8路分液器的分液方式可较4路分液器缩短分液后的供液距离,避免排管结霜不均匀的问题;用外平衡式节流膨胀阀节流降压、不用分液器分液的系统,每个通路的供液距离可以适当加长。     

空调制冷行业铝制换热器发展存在的问题及对策

分析了铝制换热器在行业中的发展过程及存在的问题,指出了与铜材料换热器相比,铝制换热器在腐蚀性、焊接性和导热性上存在的问题,提出了相应的技术措施,为铝制散热器在暖通制冷空调行业中的推广应用提供有益的建议。     

铝诱导蚕豆气孔保卫细胞凋亡研究

植物叶表面的气孔保卫细胞是研究信号转导的模式实验系统,对环境变化反应灵敏而准确,采用蚕豆叶面气孔保卫细胞,研究了铝（AlCl3）对细胞的毒性效应。结果表明,在1～10 mmol.L^-1范围内,AlCl3可使气孔保卫细胞活性降低,部分细胞死亡,且随着浓度的增高细胞死亡率增高;死细胞呈现核固缩、核降解、凋亡小体等典型凋亡特征。凋亡抑制剂Z-Asp-CH2-DCB或TLCK与AlCl3共同作用时,保卫细胞死亡率显著降低;一定浓度的抗坏血酸（AsA）或过氧化氢酶（CAT）以及Ca2＋螯合剂乙二醇四乙酸酯（EGTA）或Ca2＋通道抑制剂LaCl3与AlCl3共同作用时,细胞死亡率降低。研究结果表明,铝诱导的蚕豆保卫细胞死亡可能是一种细胞凋亡过程,由胁迫诱发的活性氧介导,通过激活质膜钙通道,引起胞内Ca2＋水平改变,进而介导细胞凋亡。     

铝对茶叶主要化学品质影响的研究进展

本文介绍了茶树中铝的含量和分布、茶树对铝的吸收和运输,重点综述了国内外学者在铝对茶叶中茶多酚、儿茶素类物质、咖啡碱、氨基酸、维生素C、黄酮类化合物、可溶性总糖、香气和叶绿素等主要化学品质成分影响的研究进展,并提出以下建议：应在茶树耐铝、抗铝机制方面开展深入研究;对铝在茶树体内的跟踪研究;对主要化学品质成分构成的微观再现研究;对不同茶类引起铝作用差异的研究;茶叶中铝对人体影响恰当的安全性评估研究。     

维他昔布咀嚼片体外溶出度的测定

为了建立了维他昔布咀嚼片体外溶出度的测定方法,以0.8％十二烷基硫酸钠溶液为溶出介质,采用桨法(50 r/min),用紫外-可见分光光度法测定溶出度.结果显示,维他昔布浓度在0.002496 ～0.017472 mg/mL范围内,与吸收度呈良好的线性关系(r=0.9995),加样回收率为102.9％(RSD为1.36％),三批样品30 min时溶出度在80％以上.建立的溶出度测定方法重现性,均一性良好,样品溶出度大于80％,可用于维他昔布咀嚼片中溶出度的测定.     

Effects of Tannic Acid on Active Aluminum Species Distribution in Various Tea Soils

Effects of tannic acid on active aluminum species distribution in different pH tea soils in Yunnan and Jiangxi tea gardens were studied by field observation and laboratory analysis.There were 4 species of active aluminum in the tea soil,i.e.,exchangeable aluminum Al3＋,unimer hydroxyl aluminum Al（OH）2＋ Al（OH）2＋,acid-soluble aluminum Al（OH）30 and humic-acid aluminum Al-HA.Experimental results showed that tannic acid at levels 0 ～0.4 mmol/kg and 0 ～ 2.0 mmol/kg,with the rising of soil pH value,the content of exchangeable aluminum decreased significantly,hydroxyl aluminum,acid-soluble aluminum and humic-acid aluminum were increased gently.When the concentration of tannic acid increased to above 2.0 mmol/kg,the inhibition of higher concentration of tannic acid on content of active aluminum was strengthened with the rising of soil pH value and variation law of 20 ～40 cm soil layer was similar to 0 ～20cm soil layer.Generally speaking,the content of active aluminum in upper layer of soil were more than subsoil and total content of active aluminum in Yunnan tea soils were higher than Jiangxi tea soils.The correlation analysis showed that the soil pH were positively correlated with hydroxyl aluminum,humic-acid aluminum,pHBC （r =0.796,0.960,0.852 ; p ＜ 0.01,0.01,0.01） in 0 ～ 20 cm soil layer.pHBC were significant negative correlated with exchangeable aluminum （r =-904,p ＜ 0.01）,hydroxyl aluminum （r =-645,p ＜ 0.05）,and with humic-acid aluminum have a positive correlation,correlation coefficient was0.795 （P ＜ 0.05）.Meanwhile,the tannic acid addition concentration were 0 ～ 0.4 mmol/kg soils pH were increased significantly,while samples attains a peak pH value afterwards decrease continuously,the relationship between the pH and the concentration of tannic acids accords with the equation：YpH =-0.04CDN ＋3.82（R2 =0.95,P ＜0.01）.When the concentration of tannic acid up to about 8.0 ～ 12.0 mmol/kg,soil pH keep unchanged.Therefore,we can clearly draw that effects of tannic acid on active aluminum content of the inflection point is not the same in different region of tea garden soil.Low concentration tannic acid can improve the soil content of various forms of aluminum,but with the increase in the amount of tannic acid,the various forms of aluminum content are inhibited.With the soil pH increased,high concentrations tannic acid on the inhibition of the release of active aluminum increased.pH and tannic acid on the total amount of active aluminum garden soil was mutual weakening effect relationship.     

Physiological mechanisms for antagonistic interaction of manganese and aluminum in barley

In a previous study, we found that the combined addition of Al and Mn in the culture solution could alleviate the inhibition of barley growth by addition of Al or Mn alone. The current experiment was conducted in a greenhouse to investigate the physiological mechanisms of the antagonistic interaction using two barley genotypes, XZ16 (both Al and Mn tolerant) and ZU9 (both Al and Mn sensitive). The treatments consisted of three Al levels (0, 0.1, and 0.5?mM) and three Mn levels (0, 0.2, and 1.0?mM) and their combinations, and a completely randomized block design was used with three replications. The combined treatments had larger plant biomass, lower Al and Mn concentrations and accumulation in plant tissues, lower malondialdehyde content, and higher root ATPases activities, compared with Al or Mn alone treatment. The two genotypes had the similar trend in the antagonistic interaction, with ZU9 being more predominant than XZ16.