Identification of quantitative trait loci underlying milling quality of rice (Oryza sativa) grains

Milling quality of rice grains is important to both producers and consumers. In this study, quantitative trait loci (QTLs) controlling brown rice rate (BR), milled rice recovery (MR) and head rice recovery (HR) were analysed by composite interval mapping over 2 years using 98 backcross inbred lines (BILs). A total of 12 QTLs for the three traits were detected, of which five were for BR, four for MR and three for HR. The proportion of phenotypic variation explained by individual QTLs ranged from 7.5 to 19.9%, and additive effects contributed by a single QTL accounted for 0.46 to 2.34% of the variation. QTL‐by‐environment interactions were observed by comparing QTL mapping of the same population grown in two consecutive years. Three of five QTLs for BR and two of four QTLs for MR were detected in 2 years, and all three QTLs for HR were detected in 1 year only. BR was significantly correlated with MR, and all four QTLs of MR were located in the same regions as those of BR. This indicated that QTLs for highly correlated traits could often be detected in the same interval.     

全基因组关联定位籼稻种质资源外观和加工品质QTL

以400份籼稻变异丰富的种质资源材料在2个环境下考察外观与加工品质性状表型,利用404K高密度SNP基因型进行全基因组关联分析,挖掘影响外观与加工品质性状的重要位点。结果表明,粒型和籼米的外观和加工品质密切相关,垩白性状降低稻米的精米率和整精米率,除粒型外,籼稻的外观和加工品质明显受到环境影响。全基因组关联分析共鉴定到39个QTL,其中17个为新位点,6个新位点(qMRR9、qGL2、qGL10、qGW1、qGLWR1和qGLWR2.1)在2个环境下均被检测到,暗示这6个位点在水稻外观与加工品质上可能是不依赖于环境稳定表达的QTL。此外,21个控制稻米外观品质的位点很可能具一因多效。结合前人研究结果,我们推论qSW5、GSE5和GS3在籼稻外观和加工品质性状上扮演着关键性角色。研究结果为克隆新的外观与加工品质基因以及通过分子手段加速培育优质高产籼稻新品种提供了指导信息。     

小麦籽粒干湿交替对品质的影响

为了了解在储运过程中籽粒干湿交替现象对小麦品质的影响程度,以30份不同硬度的主栽品种及高代品系为材料,对干燥籽粒进行了水处理,以收获后的干燥籽粒为对照,研究了小麦的磨粉品质,淀粉品质和面团流变学特性。结果表明：处理过的小麦籽粒硬度整体变小,与未处理的小麦籽粒硬度差异达显著水平(P<0.01),一些品种的硬度等级发生跃迁;出粉率也整体降低了近2个百分点,达显著水平(P<0.01)。灰分、蛋白质含量和黄色素含量都显著降低,但面粉白度有所提高。峰值黏度、低谷黏度和最终黏度分别降低了108 cp、125 cp和97 cp,差异达显著水平(P<0.01)。总之,小麦籽粒干燥后遇水对磨粉品质和淀粉品质影响较大,而对面团流变学特性影响较小。     

泡沫沥青冷再生技术在道路改建工程中的应用和分析

泡沫沥青冷再生技术是对回收沥青路面材料和水泥稳定基层材料进行再生利用。采用冷再生技术,即对所有旧路面材料和破碎的路基材料进行全部现场利用,减少了废料外运产生的费用,也节约了新材料的用量,提高了经济效益的同时也取得了良好的社会效益。     

贵州省柚木适生区域研究

采用设置样地的方法对贵州省引种的柚木进行生长情况的调查分析.结果表明,贵州省引种柚木的适生区域是南部的南、北盘江低热河谷地区,红水河、南盘江岸边海拔700 m以下以及北盘江两岸海拔550 m以下地区.在适生区域发展柚木采用四旁植树的方法效果最佳,坡地造林宜选择土层厚度80 cm以上的地域,采取反斜坡带状整地效果较好.     

整体硬质合金螺旋木工铣刀的合理选用

从刀具旋向特点、加工方式、切削参数以及刀具磨损等方面介绍整体硬质合金螺旋木工铣刀的应用和选择。     

Dynamic characteristic analysis of an all terrain vehicle body

The body is a key part of all terrain vehicles (ATV). Its dynamic characteristics greatly effect the vibration of the ATV assembly. Simulation and experimental methods are combined to analyze ATV body vibration characteristics. A computer aided design(CAD) model is built using UG4.0. A finite element method(FEM) model of an ATV body and a body with an engine are created using Hypermesh. The FEM model is imported to Msc.Nastran to calculate the free mode. The simulation model is verified by the experimental modal result. The results indicate that after the frame with engine, the first bending mode increases due to the engine increasing the body stiffness, while the first torsion mode decreases due to the engine mass. The effects on the dynamic response of the road and engine excitation are analyzed respectively. Vibration characteristic improvement methods and suggestions regarding the body are provided.     

数控加工实训教学经验交流

数控技术是用数字信息对机械运动和工作过程进行控制的技术,数控装备是以数控技术为代表的新技术对传统制造产业和新兴制造业的渗透形成的机电一体化产品,数控技术的广泛应用不但给传统制造业带来了革命性的变化,也给中国的高的教育发展起到了促进作用。文章结合我院数控实训教学的现状及笔者多年从事数控实训教学工作经验,总结了数控实训教学过程中的几点心得,旨在促进教学效果的提高,推进技能型人才培养的速度和质量。     

铣工安全生产技术的研究

铣工是操纵铣床进行生产的劳动者,在铣床工作时,铣刀、工件、切屑和装夹工作的夹具等,都有可能使铣工受到伤害。本研究用于指导铣工岗位员工对危害因素带来的风险实施有效控制。     

三轴车辆全轮转向操纵稳定性仿真分析

建立并分析了某三轴车辆全轮转向二自由度模型及其运动微分方程,分析了整车在质心零侧偏角比例控制策略下的转向中心位置以及2、3轴转角比例系数与车速的关系,分析了整车的稳态横摆角速度增益。建立了三轴车动力学仿真模型,结合控制策略对比仿真了2WS车和6WS车在不同车速下的瞬态响应。分析结果表明,采用质心零侧偏角比例控制策略有利于提高三轴车低速转向时的机动性和高速转向时的操纵稳定性。