The Influence of Genotype–Environment Interaction on the Grain Yields of 10 Pigeonpea Cultivars Grown in Kenya

To study the importance of the effects of genotype–environment interactions on the yield of pigeonpea ( Cajanus cajan L. Millsp.), 10 early-maturing genotypes were grown in a randomized complete block design with three replications in a total of seven environments spread over five regions of Kenya between 1987 and 1988. Results indicated the presence of a substantial genotype–environment interaction effect on grain yield. The observed significant genotype–environment interaction effect is discussed in relation to its importance in pigeonpea grain yield evaluation studies. It is noted that the best genotype in one environment is not always so in other environments. Results from regression analysis indicated that this method of analysis is appropriate for describing the response of pigeonpea genotypes grown in a number of locations. Analysis of variance showed significant additive and multiplicative genotype–environment interaction effects. Only the first interaction principal component axis (IPCA) was found to be important in describing the multiplicative interaction effects. The additive main effects and multiplicative effects (AMMI) model allowed the partitioning of interaction variance into agronomically important sources (genotype groups), and the specific genotype × environment patterns that are the basis of these sources of variance were examined.     

中药饲料添加剂对法国肉用鹌鹑增重及肉质的影响

用1周龄法国肉用鹌鹑120只,随机分成4组,每组3个重复,每个重复10只.第1～3组为试验组,分别在基础日粮中添加1％的党参、0.5％党参 0,5％黄芪、0.5％党参 0.5％艾叶,第4组为对照组.试验期为2～6周龄,共35d,每7d称重一次.试验结果表明,各试验组的增重与对照组相比,差异均显著(P<0.05);其中第3组效果最好(P<0.01).日粮蛋白质表观代谢率和料肉比,试验组均优于对照组(P<0.05).各组间的肌肉概略养分、pH值和胴体品质,除第1组的屠宰率略高外(P<0.05),其余差异均不显著(P>0.05).嫩度值差异极显著(P<0.01).血清总蛋白质和A/G差异不显著(P>0.05),但血糖含量差异较大(P<0.01).     

冰瓜子的加工工艺研究

以西瓜子为原料,重点研究炒制时间、卤料的配比、卤液的添加量、薄荷油与包膜剂的配比对冰瓜子质量的影响。为冰瓜子的工业化生产提供理论依据。     

Sulphate Attack Resistance of the Concrete with Additives and Its Assessment

The influence of three kinds of additives: silica fume,slag and fly ash on the sulphate attack resistance of concrete were studied.The experiment results show that these three kinds of additives can improve sulphate attack resistance of the concrete and the order of their efficiency from high to low is silica fume,slag and fly ash;the development of mortar expansion value is closely related to the degree of sulphate attack resistance of the concrete;integrated assessing two concrete properties: mortar expansion value and compressive strength ratio can more exactly assess the sulphate attack resistance of the concrete.     

Genetic study of bolting and stem length in sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) using a factorial cross design

Summary The objective was to study the genetic basis of bolting and stem length in sugar beet full-sibs, developed by a factorial mating design (N.C. design II). The extent to which the inheritance of these characters can be attributed to the additive and non-dominance variation was investigated. The genetic analysis consisted of three sets (4×10, 4×8, and 3×8) of progenies. Estimates of additive genetic variance (² _A) and variance due to dominance deviations with some fractions of epistatic variance (² _D) were obtained for both characters. Bolting had a relatively large proportion of total genetic variance accounted for by ² _A. In most cases, non-additive effects were also important in determining the type of gene action in bolting. Stem length showed similar genetic variation to bolting susceptibility. Bolting resistance seemed to be dominant to the bolting susceptibility in most cases. Narrow sense heritability estimated for bolting was generally very large (0.93 to 0.96), which suggests that early generation selection for bolting resistance in a sugar beet population would be successful.     

Modified full-sib selection and best linear unbiased prediction of progeny performance in a European F2 maize population

Four cycles of modified recurrent full‐sib (FS) selection were conducted in an intermated F₂ population of European flint maize. The objectives of our study were to monitor trends across selection cycles in the estimates of population mean, inbreeding coefficients and variance components, and to investigate the usefulness of best linear unbiased prediction (BLUP) of progeny performance under the recurrent FS selection scheme applied. We used a selection rate of 25% for a selection index, based on grain yield and dry matter content. A pseudo‐factorial mating scheme was used for recombination. In this scheme, the selected FS families were divided into an upper‐ranking group of parents mated to the lower‐ranking group. Variance components were estimated with restricted maximum likelihood (REML). Average grain yield increased 1.2 t/ha per cycle, average grain moisture decreased 20.1 g/kg per cycle, and the selection index relative to the F₂ check entries decreased 0.3% per cycle. For a more precise calculation of selection response, the four cycles should be tested together in multi‐environmental trials. We observed a significant decrease in additive variance in the selection index, suggesting smaller future selection response. Predictions of FS family performance in Cn + 1 based on mean performance of parental FS families in Cn were of equal precision as those based on the mean additive genetic BLUP of their parents, and corresponding correlations were of moderate size for grain moisture and selection index.     

异位酸饲料添加剂对奶牛产奶的作用

50头经产的黑白花奶牛200天的试验表明,在基础日粮中添加异位酸的试验牛,平均每头每日产奶量比喂基础日粮的对照牛多1.01公斤,增加5.14%(P<0.01);折算成标准奶,每头每日比对照牛多产1.41公斤,增加7.84%(P<0.01)。乳脂、乳蛋白和乳中干物质的含量分别提高4.43%,1.31%和2.68%。试验牛产1公斤标准奶所需要的奶牛能量单位和粗蛋白质比对照牛低。两组牛的健康状况和繁殖性能相似。     

饲用益生素与抗生素的比较研究

对饲用益生素与抗生素的研究进行了比较分析，主要对其研究的历史和现况，作用机理，合理使用的条件与可行性进行了综述。     

Detection and Analysis of High Temperature Sensitivity of TGMS Lines in Rice Using AMMI Model

With the AMMI(additive main effects and multiplicative interaction)analysis model,the determination of the sensitivity to temperature among different TGMS(thermo-sensitive genic male sterile)lines was performed. To assess the genetic differences due to high temperature stress at. the fertility-sensitive stage(10- 20 d before heading),seven genotypes(six TGMS lines and the control Pei-Ai64S)were grown from May 4 at seven different stages with 10d intervals. The temperatures at. the fertility-sensitive stages involved twelve levels from ＜ 20 to ＞30℃ under the regime natural conditions in Hangzhou,China. There was considerable variation in pollen fertility among genotypes in response to high temperature. Five genotypes identified as TGMS lines as their percentages of fertile pollens were lower than or close to that. of the. control except for the unstable line RTS19(V6). When the temperatures at. the fertility-sensitive stage were at Ⅰ -Ⅳ,Ⅴ-Ⅵ and Ⅶ-Ⅻ,the percentages of fertile pollens varied in the ranges of 46.46- 48.49%,19.62-22.79% and 3.49- 5.87%,respectively. The critical temperatures of sterility and fertility in the five TGMS lines were 25.1 and 23.0℃,respectively. Considering the amounts and directions of main effect and their IPCA(interaction principal components analysis),we can classify the lines and temperature levels into different groups,and describe the characteristics of genotyPe x temperature interaction,offering the information and tools for the development and utility of thermo-sensitive male sterile lines.Several TGMS rice lines with their reproductive sensitivity to high temperature that can be screened using the AMMI model may add valuable germplasm to the breeding program of hybrid rice.     

原油管道低输量运行问题

原油管道一般按油田高产期外输设计的，在油田开采的初期和末期，原油管道必然出现不满输现象，由于油田自然老化，原油外输量减少，油田自炼油增加；设计时对油田产量估计过高，导致管径设计过大等原因，使我国多数管道出现低输量情况，提出了实际输量稍高于允许最低输量叫低输量，实际输量低于允许最低输量叫超低输量等界定指标，我国盛产高粘易凝原油，低输量运行既不经济又很不安全。国外的办法一般是掺稀油输送或加药改性，延长