Inheritance of leaf angle in Triticum aestivum L.

Summary A 6×6 diallel was prepared to study the inheritance of leaf angle in T. aestivum L. Genetic analysis in terms of diallel cross parameters and graphic analysis indicated the control of additive gene effects in the expression of this character. The results of F₁ analysis were supported by the analysis of F₂ data.     

异位酸饲料添加剂对奶牛产奶的作用

50头经产的黑白花奶牛200天的试验表明,在基础日粮中添加异位酸的试验牛,平均每头每日产奶量比喂基础日粮的对照牛多1.01公斤,增加5.14%(P<0.01);折算成标准奶,每头每日比对照牛多产1.41公斤,增加7.84%(P<0.01)。乳脂、乳蛋白和乳中干物质的含量分别提高4.43%,1.31%和2.68%。试验牛产1公斤标准奶所需要的奶牛能量单位和粗蛋白质比对照牛低。两组牛的健康状况和繁殖性能相似。     

Multi-scale effect of landscape processes and habitat quality on newt abundance: Implications for conservation

Recent studies in population dynamics suggest that landscape processes and habitat quality act at different scales on population abundances, but very few have modelled their simultaneous effects. However, at a time of large declines in natural populations, it is essential to understand such multivariate components. We tested the hypothesis that natural populations of palmate newts (Triturus helveticus) are affected on three scales: breeding patch (pond), habitat complementation (terrestrial cover), and metapopulation structure (density of ponds, surrounding populations). We conducted our survey in 130 ponds from southern France (Larzac) and analysed data with generalized additive models (GAM). Two main novel results emerge from these models: (1) the three landscape scales have significant effects on newt abundance, with more newts in deep, vegetated ponds, devoid of fish and surrounded by wooded areas and inhabited ponds; (2) the quality of the surrounding breeding patches is of primary importance in determining the abundance at core sites in a complex way: high abundances are associated positively with high densities of inhabited ponds, but negatively with the number of surrounding ponds. Deforestation, invasive species and abandonment of ponds all have negative impacts on the persistence of palmate newt populations. Future studies should encompass landscapes at different scales and incorporate the habitat quality in surrounding sites to better understand population dynamics and provide adequate conservation measures.     

正确认识食品添加剂 进一步落实主体责任

食品添加剂是现代食品工业最重要的组成部分,且越来越发挥着重要的作用,为人类饮食发展做出了巨大贡献。但近年来,违法添加非食用物质和滥用食品添加剂生产加工食品的重大事件时有发生,严重影响了全社会对食品安全的信心和我国食品的信誉。进一步完善食品添加剂标准体系,落实食品企业质量安全主体责任,有效地控制食品安全危害,保障人民群众身体健康是一个永久的话题。     

饲用益生素与抗生素的比较研究

对饲用益生素与抗生素的研究进行了比较分析，主要对其研究的历史和现况，作用机理，合理使用的条件与可行性进行了综述。     

Detection and Analysis of High Temperature Sensitivity of TGMS Lines in Rice Using AMMI Model

With the AMMI(additive main effects and multiplicative interaction)analysis model,the determination of the sensitivity to temperature among different TGMS(thermo-sensitive genic male sterile)lines was performed. To assess the genetic differences due to high temperature stress at. the fertility-sensitive stage(10- 20 d before heading),seven genotypes(six TGMS lines and the control Pei-Ai64S)were grown from May 4 at seven different stages with 10d intervals. The temperatures at. the fertility-sensitive stages involved twelve levels from ＜ 20 to ＞30℃ under the regime natural conditions in Hangzhou,China. There was considerable variation in pollen fertility among genotypes in response to high temperature. Five genotypes identified as TGMS lines as their percentages of fertile pollens were lower than or close to that. of the. control except for the unstable line RTS19(V6). When the temperatures at. the fertility-sensitive stage were at Ⅰ -Ⅳ,Ⅴ-Ⅵ and Ⅶ-Ⅻ,the percentages of fertile pollens varied in the ranges of 46.46- 48.49%,19.62-22.79% and 3.49- 5.87%,respectively. The critical temperatures of sterility and fertility in the five TGMS lines were 25.1 and 23.0℃,respectively. Considering the amounts and directions of main effect and their IPCA(interaction principal components analysis),we can classify the lines and temperature levels into different groups,and describe the characteristics of genotyPe x temperature interaction,offering the information and tools for the development and utility of thermo-sensitive male sterile lines.Several TGMS rice lines with their reproductive sensitivity to high temperature that can be screened using the AMMI model may add valuable germplasm to the breeding program of hybrid rice.     

原油管道低输量运行问题

原油管道一般按油田高产期外输设计的，在油田开采的初期和末期，原油管道必然出现不满输现象，由于油田自然老化，原油外输量减少，油田自炼油增加；设计时对油田产量估计过高，导致管径设计过大等原因，使我国多数管道出现低输量情况，提出了实际输量稍高于允许最低输量叫低输量，实际输量低于允许最低输量叫超低输量等界定指标，我国盛产高粘易凝原油，低输量运行既不经济又很不安全。国外的办法一般是掺稀油输送或加药改性，延长     

三种不同添加剂对肉鸡增重效益的试验

禽肉多添加剂，碳酸氢钠，天然沸石，作为鸡的饲料添加剂，做对比试验，试验结果表明，三个试验组比对照组平均每只鸡的增重情况，１组多增重３０６．９克，２组多地重２８５９克，３组多增重２４０．６克。提高饲料报酬分国１５．２％，１２．９％，１１．７％，试验组增加经济效益分别为４１．３８元，３８．２２元３１．４３元。     

青梗、优质、抗热同源四倍体白菜杂交新品种暑优1号的选育

采用秋水仙素诱变二倍体青梗白菜早油冬，获得四倍体白菜（Brassica campestris ssp.chinensis Makino）；将其与另两个四倍体苏州青和热优2号的亲本R1杂交，从后代中筛选出两个形态及生理特性差异明显的株系，分别育成自交不亲和系，用这两个自交不亲和系配制成F1代杂交种，即获得青梗、优质、抗热的同源四倍体白菜杂交新品种－－暑优1号。     

中草药复方添加剂对繁殖后期种公鸡精液品质及血浆生殖激素浓度的影响

选用80只50周龄尼克T种公鸡,随机分成Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ组,每组16只。Ⅰ、Ⅱ组为对照组,分别饲喂基础日粮和基础日粮添加鸡蛋,Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ组为试验组,分别饲喂添加水平为1%,2%,3%中草药复方添加剂的试验日粮,研究中草药复方添加剂对繁殖后期种公鸡精液品质及血浆生殖激素浓度的影响,以及种公鸡精液品质和血浆生殖激素浓度的关系。结果表明,日粮中添加中草药复方添加剂能显著提高种公鸡的精液量和精子活力,以及血浆中睾酮、促黄体素、促卵泡素浓度,降低精子畸形率,其中2%添加组效果最明显。说明在繁殖后期种公鸡日粮中添加一定量的中草药复方添加剂可以显著提高种公鸡的精液品质和血浆生殖激素浓度。精液量与精子活力、精子密度、精子畸形率以及血浆T,LH,FSH浓度呈显著正相关(P<0.05);精子活力与血浆T,LH,FSH浓度呈显著正相关(P<0.05);血浆T浓度与血浆LH,FSH浓度呈显著正相关(P<0.05)。