Effects of inoculants on the fermentation characteristics and in vitro digestibility of reed canary grass (Phalaris arundinacea L.) silage on the Qinghai‐Tibetan Plateau

To effectively use local available grass resources to cover the winter feed shortage on the Qinghai‐Tibetan Plateau, direct‐cut and wilted reed canary grass (RCG) silages were prepared by using a rolled‐bale system, and their ensiling characteristics and in vitro digestibility were studied. Silages were treated without (control) or with inoculants including LP (Lactobacillus plantarum), LPLB (L. plantarum, L. buchneri), and LPLBc (L. plantarum, L. buchneri, and cellulase), and were stored at ambient temperature (5.7–14.6°C) for 90 days. Compared with control, the inoculated silages increased (p < .05) lactic acid and acetic acid contents, and reduced (p < .05) final pH value and ammonia‐N ratio of total N. The highest WSC content (41.2 g/kg DM) occurred for LPLB‐inoculated silage, whereas LPLBc‐treated silage displayed the lowest contents of NDF (522.9 g/kg DM) and ADF (275.5 g/kg DM). In addition, LPLBc‐inoculated silage had the highest in vitro gas production (51.0 ml/g DM), in vitro DM digestibility (619.3 g/kg DM), and metabolic energy (9.6 kJ/kg DM). These results confirmed that treatments with inoculants at ensiling could improve silage fermentation and in vitro digestibility of RCG, and this could be a potential winter feed for animals on the Qinghai‐Tibetan Plateau.     

紫胶红色素异常铜含量的研究

关于紫胶原胶的含铜情况过去尚末见报道,应用原子吸收分光光度法测出紫胶原胶的铜含量为9.49ppm。将紫胶原胶分成粗粒胶、细粒胶、粉胶和紫胶虫尸体四个级分,分别测出其铜含量为8.06ppn、13.44ppm、16.38ppm、49.66ppm。 紫胶原胶中的铜高度富集于紫胶虫尸体之中,它是引起紫胶红色素铜污染的主要污染源。从紫胶的生物来源和紫胶红色素的化学本质分析,紫胶原胶中紫胶红色素的铜污染是不可避免的。     

添加剂对紫花苜蓿青贮饲料发酵品质的影响

为提高紫花苜蓿青贮饲料的发酵品质,抑制不饱和脂肪酸的损失,以无添加剂为对照,研究了添加剂：苯甲酸钠、酪蛋白酸钠、十六烷酸、糖蜜和丙酸,对紫花苜蓿青贮饲料发酵品质和脂肪酸的影响。青贮65 d后开窖,检测发酵品质指标和各种脂肪酸的含量。结果表明：对照组的pH低于4.50,乳酸含量达到54.25 g·kg^-1 DM,丁酸含量低于5.00 g·kg^-1 DM,弗氏评分为64.33,具有良好的发酵品质。与青贮前相比,青贮后苜蓿青贮饲料中的亚油酸（C18：2n6）和亚麻酸（C18：3n3）的含量显著增加（P<0.05）。青贮后,与对照组相比,十六烷酸和酪蛋白酸钠添加组分别不显著（P>0.05）和显著地（P<0.05）降低了乳酸含量;酪蛋白酸钠添加组增加了丁酸含量（P<0.05）;二者的弗氏评分低于50.00,降低了发酵品质。与此相反,苯甲酸钠、丙酸和糖蜜添加组不同程度地增加了乳酸含量,降低了pH,减少了氨态氮和酸性洗涤纤维的含量,弗氏评分分别为70.33、74.33和67.67,进一步提高了青贮发酵品质。与对照相比,苯甲酸钠和丙酸添加组不同程度地增加了C18：2n6或C18：3n3的含量,而糖蜜添加组降低了C18：2n6和C18：3n3的含量（P<0.05）。综上所述,丙酸和苯甲酸钠适宜于作为青贮添加剂生产优质紫花苜蓿青贮饲料。     

中药添加剂对热应激蛋鸡内分泌机能的影响

用放射免疫分析法研究了中药添加剂对热应激蛋鸡内分泌机能的影响 ,结果表明 ,中药添加剂均能不同程度地协调热应激蛋鸡内分泌机能。其中 ,中药添加剂 B使血浆 T3 含量显著升高 ( P<0 .0 5) ,甲状腺重量增加 ;血浆皮质醇含量极显著降低 ( P<0 .0 1 ) ,肾上腺重量显著减轻 ;血浆 LH、E2 含量显著或极显著升高 ,卵巢重量增加     

烟酸铜、烟酸锌对V_A、V_(B_2)、V_(B_6)稳定性的影响

制备铜、锌螯合盐烟酸铜、烟酸锌,并将烟酸铜、烟酸锌、CuSO4、ZnSO4、蛋氨酸铜及蛋氨酸锌分别与VA、VB2、VB6直接混合,比较它们各自对维生素稳定性的影响.结果表明,它们对维生素的稳定性影响的大小顺序依次是硫酸盐、氨基酸盐、烟酸盐.可见烟酸盐对维生素的稳定性影响最小,可作为新型微量元素添加剂与维生素混合制成预混合饲料.     

3种植物次生物质对金银花蚜虫的活性测定及防效评价

为明确反式-2-己烯醛、牛至油和百里香油对金银花蚜虫的生物活性及橙皮精油、有机硅对这3种药剂杀蚜活性的增效作用,本研究以金银花蚜虫的优势种胡萝卜微管蚜为试虫,采用浸虫浸叶法和叶面喷雾法进行生物活性测定及防效评价。室内测定结果显示百里香油毒力最高,LC 50为1.793 mg/L,添加橙皮精油、有机硅对供试药剂杀蚜活性均有提高,其中反式-2-己烯醛、牛至油、百里香油与有机硅组合有明显增效作用,毒力系数为1.80、1.48、1.45。田间试验结果表明常规施药后百里香油校正防效最高,施药7 d后3种药剂防治效果均高于对照组;3种药剂减量20%添加有机硅处理施药1 d后防治效果提高约10%,施药4 d后防治效果均高于对照组,施药14 d后防治效果达98%。综上,百里香油对胡萝卜微管蚜的毒力和防治效果最高,3种药剂结合有机硅使用减量增效作用明显,具有进一步开发的潜力。     

不同土壤添加剂对太湖流域小麦产量及氮磷养分流失的影响

为探讨土壤添加剂对太湖流域面源污染控制的效果,采用盆栽试验,选用树脂、生物炭和硝化抑制剂作为供试材料,研究其单独施用、两两配施以及三者同时施用对冬小麦产量、氮磷养分吸收、氮磷径流渗漏损失和土壤养分的影响。研究结果表明:各添加剂处理均促进了小麦的地上部生物量,除单施树脂处理外,其他添加剂处理的产量都比施肥对照有所增加,增加幅度为13%～133%,以添加剂的两两配施效果较佳;各添加剂处理均促进了小麦对氮素的吸收,除单施树脂处理外,其余处理均提高了氮肥利用效率,以两两配施效果最为显着,显着高于施肥处理;与施肥对照相比,生物炭和硝化抑制剂的单施及配施均降低了径流和渗漏液中TN和TP浓度,减少麦季氮流失57%～71%、磷流失26%～46%,而有树脂施入的处理其氮磷损失量有所提高。综合比较得出,施化肥的同时配施生物炭和硝化抑制剂,可显着增加小麦产量(增产103%),氮肥农学效率和生理效率显着提高,整个麦季通过径流和渗漏损失的氮磷分别减少了68.8%和26.1%,值得在太湖流域麦田的面源污染控制上进一步应用。     

不同处理方法对不同生育期新疆小芦苇发酵品质及营养成分的影响

以不同生育期(抽穗期、开花期、结实期)的新疆小芦苇为实验材料,同一生育期采用鲜贮、鲜草+糖蜜10和15 g/kg、鲜草+甲酸2和3 mL/kg等5种青贮处理,并对其相互间发酵品质和营养成分进行比较.结果表明:在三个生育期中,以鲜贮的pH效果最差、甲酸组效果最好;CP含量在同一生育期内各处理组与对照组(原料草)之间具有显著差异(P＜0.01),特别是在抽穗期鲜草+15.0 g糖蜜组及2.0 mL甲酸组比原料草分别高2.05;、2.53;;NDF和ADF含量变化依生育期的推进其含量逐步增加,而同一生育期的各种处理组之间ADF含量没有显著差异(P＞0.05),但抽穗期里各种处理的NDF含量与对照组之间差异显著(P＜0.05).结果表明:添加甲酸可明显降低新疆小芦苇青贮pH值,最佳青贮时期是抽穗期,最佳青贮方式是鲜草+3.0 mL甲酸/kg处理.     

抗生素及其替代品饲喂的鸡肉中锌含量的测定及对比研究

选用18只45日龄肉鸡分3组处理(分别在鸡日粮中添加蜂胶、芦荟粉和金霉素),停止饲喂金霉素12h取样,对比研究抗生素及其替代品对鸡肉中锌含量的影响。用原子吸收法测定出蜂胶、芦荟粉和金霉素饲喂的3组鸡肉中锌含量均低于《食品中锌限量卫生标准》中规定的锌的最高限量,且3组肉鸡中锌含量无显著性差异。     

Genetic Effect on Yield and Fiber Quality Traits of 16 Chromosome Substitution Lines in Upland Cotton

Evaluation of the genetic effect on yield and fiber quality can provide useful information on cotton breeding. Sixteen CSB lines and TM-1 introduced from USDA/ARS were used as male and top-crossed with three elite cultivars and the 51 F1 hybrids, 16 CSB lines, TM-1, and 3 elite cultivars were planted at the Cotton Research Institute of CAAS, Anyang, Henan Province and Xiajin, Shandong Province, China. The yield traits and fiber quality data were obtained and additive and dominance effect on each trait were measured by AD model. Boll weight takes the largest additive proration, whereas boll number takes the least additive proration. The largest and the least dominant proration for lint yield and boll weight were measured, respectively. Fiber length has the additive and dominance effect, and dominance effect was slightly more than additive effect. Larger additive and no dominance effect on uniformity, micronaire, and fiber strength were measured. Significantly, positive additive effect on boll weight of CSB06 and CSB12Sh was observed. CSB14Sh and CSB01 have significantly positive additive effect on 4 and 3 traits of fiber quality, respectively. CSB01 has the greatest dominant effect on lint yield among CSB lines. The dominant effect on fiber length of CSB lines showed positive. It is beneficial to use CSB06 and CSB12Sh as parents to improve boll size, to use CSB14Sh and CSB01 as parents to improve fiber quality. As for hybrid cotton breeding, it is reasonable using CSB01 to improve lint yield traits, and using CSB01, CSB11Sh, and CSB06 to improve fiber length.