Inheritance and QTL analysis of dough rheological parameters in wheat

A RIL population from two Australian wheats, Lang and CSCR6, was employed to evaluate the genetic variation and to detect QTL associated with dough rheological characters based on DArT and SSR markers and two environmental experiments. It was showed that the higher variation existed in the RIL for dough rheological characters, and so did much more abundant selection potentials that lacked in Chinese current commercial varieties. Nine additive QTLs for dough rheological characters were identified. Of which those for water absorption (WA) were located on chromosome 2A and 5A, stability time (ST) on 4B and 1B, breaking time (BT) on 1B, degree of softening (DS) on 1B, band width (BW) on 2B (two loci), evaluation value (EV) on 1B. And seven epistatic QTLs were screened out, and non-significant variance was found for the interaction between these epistatic QTLs and the environment. Correlation analysis indicated that there was a significantly positive relation between WA and development time (DT), and EV, whereas negatively related to BW. A significantly positive relation existed between DT, ST, BT and EV each other. They were negatively related to mixing tolerance index (MTI) and degree of softening (DS), both had a markedly positive relation.     

复合酶对肉用仔鸡生长性能的影响

本试验采用随机设计,将40只21日龄已免疫的健康艾维茵肉用仔鸡随机分成4组,每组2个重复,每个重复5只鸡。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验Ⅰ组、试验Ⅱ组、试验Ⅲ组为试验组,分别饲喂添加0.1%复合酶Ⅰ、0.1%复合酶Ⅱ、0.2%复合酶Ⅱ的基础日粮。试验饲喂期28d,从中研究复合酶对肉用仔鸡生长性能的影响,并筛选出复合酶效果最好的添加剂量。试验结果表明：这3种不同剂量的复合酶均能不同程度的提高肉用仔鸡的平均体重,降低肉鸡的料肉比（P〈0.01）,其中以添加0.2%复合酶Ⅱ的效果最佳。     

Effects of Cement Additives on Properties of CSA Cement from MSWI

Municipal solid waste incineration fly ash (MSWI) was successfully used as raw material in sintering and preparing a calcium sulphoaluminate (CSA) cement clinker in laboratory. The effects of different types and different addition percentages of cement additives on compressive strength and hydration properties were investigated. The results showed that lime (LI) powder / slag (SL) powder was compatible in CSA cement system while the activities of fly ash(FA)/ MSWI was low. Adding these four types of cement additives in CSA cement system respectively, there were negative effects on compressive strengths of hardened cement at early age while LI/SL improved the compressive strength at later age. The performance of combined additives was better, especially, the specimens with 10%LI+10%SL, 10%LI+10%MSWI, and 5%LI+15%SL.     

添加剂对微波膨化树莓果片质构特性的影响

为改善微波膨化树莓果片产品膨化率及质构特性,添加黄原胶、大豆纤维和单甘酯等3种添加剂调整原料配方,以膨化果片膨化率、硬度、脆度作为指标,采用单因素及Box-Behnken组合试验,探讨黄原胶、大豆纤维和单甘酯添加量对膨化果片质构特性影响,得到各因素与膨化果片膨化率、硬度、脆度回归模型,优化最佳微波膨化配方。结果表明,最优配方为黄原胶添加量0.75%,大豆纤维添加量5.5%,单甘脂添加量0.7%,此条件下,膨化树莓果片膨化率最大、硬度最小、脆度最大。验证微波膨化树莓果片最佳配方,最大相对误差小于5%,表明优化配方合理。适量添加剂可有效改善树莓果片质构特性,为微波膨化树莓果片工艺市场化提供理论依据。     

添加物料和菌剂对日喀则地区马铃薯茎叶青贮品质的影响

以日喀则地区马铃薯(Solanum tuberosum)茎叶为原料制作青贮饲料,分别与玉米(Zea mays)面、小麦(Triticum aestivum)麸、聚合草(Symphytum officinale)、紫花苜蓿(Medicago sativa)、青饲玉米、燕麦草(Arrhenatherum elatius)、干青稞(Hordeum vulgare)秸秆、干油菜(Brassica napus)壳等材料混贮,以甲酸、尿素、食盐和6种生物菌剂(A,活性乳酸菌冻干粉;B,益加益秸秆发酵剂;C,千牧EM菌原种;D,百益宝EM菌种;E,微特美益生菌种;F,粗饲料降解剂)为添加剂,聚乙烯袋真空包装分别于发酵30、60、90d后进行感官评定及生化分析,采用隶属函数法综合评价青贮品质。结果表明,日喀则地区马铃薯茎叶青贮饲料在制作后30d已经基本完成发酵进入青贮稳定阶段,能长期有效保持饲料的水分及营养物质。单独的马铃薯茎叶青贮效果差,添加生物菌剂、甲酸、麦麸、玉米面、青饲玉米秸秆、燕麦草可以改善青贮品质,其中添加麦麸的效果优于玉米面,添加青饲玉米优于添加燕麦草。聚合草含水量高、紫花苜蓿营养丰富,但是与马铃薯茎叶混贮发酵效果差。干油菜壳不适于与马铃薯茎叶混贮。菌剂A、B的青贮效果要优于E、F。研究得出,马铃薯茎叶+30%麦麸,马铃薯茎叶+0.3%尿素+0.4%食盐+30%麦麸+D,茎叶+30%麦麸+B这3个青贮处理效果较好。     

草地植物添加剂对肉牛生长性能的影响

通过对草地植物添加剂的最佳配方、最适量以及肉牛的最佳育肥方式对肉牛日增重、屠宰率、净肉率以及肉品质和风味的影响进行研究,旨在分析草地植物添加剂对肉牛生长性能的影响。结果表明,草地植物添加剂能促进肉牛的快速生长,提高肉牛的日增重,其中对于犊牛(C)、架子牛(S)和基础母牛(B)日增重效果最明显的分别是草地植物添加剂C3(44%松针+24%艾叶+12%黄芪+8%微量元素)(P0.01)、S3(48%松针+16%艾叶+8%大蒜+10%黄芪+18%微量元素)(P0.01)和B3(36%松针+14%艾叶+10%大蒜+12%黄芪+28%微量元素)(P0.01);草地植物添加剂的最适量的筛选试验表明,各年龄段的肉牛的草地植物添加剂的添加量占日粮的3.5%育肥效果最明显(P0.01);在北方冷季最佳的育肥方式为舍饲育肥。综上,在北方的寒冷季节养殖肉牛以占日粮3.5%的第3类(C3、S3、B3)草地植物添加剂配合舍饲增肥效果最明显。     

不同内生真菌对铁皮石斛幼苗生长的效应

为弄清齿瓣石斛促生真菌对铁皮石斛幼苗生长的促生效应,利用2种从齿瓣石斛根中分离筛选获得的促生菌根真菌,采用注射器注射接种法分别将单一菌剂及混合菌剂接种到松树皮基质上与铁皮石斛幼苗进行共生培养,分析2种真菌及其不同接菌方式对铁皮石斛株高及生物量等生长指标的影响。结果表明:共生培养130d后,与对照组相比,FDdS-5接种组对铁皮石斛幼苗叶长、株高及干重具有显著促进作用,FDdS-9接种组对叶数、根数、分蘖数、根长、株高、茎粗、鲜重及干重具有显著促进作用,混合菌剂(V_(FDdS-5)∶V_(FDdS-9)=1∶1)接种组对根数、叶长、根长、株高、茎粗、鲜重及干重具有显著促进作用,且与单菌株接菌组相比,混合菌株接种对株高的促生作用为协同效应,在茎粗、鲜重及干重指标上表现为累加效应。齿瓣石斛促生真菌同样能促进铁皮石斛幼苗的生长,混合接种有可能更大地发挥微生物的效能。     

复方中草药饲料添加剂替代抗生素对肉仔鸡生产性能的影响

采用随机单位组设计,将1 000羽白羽肉仔鸡随机分为五组。Ⅰ组(基础日粮+黄霉素75mg/kg和洛克沙胂45.75mg/kg),Ⅱ组(基础日粮+中草药0.3%水平),Ⅲ组(基础日粮+中草药0.4%水平),Ⅳ组(基础日粮+中草药0.3%水平+甜菜碱),Ⅴ组(基础日粮)。结果表明:中草药添加剂0.3%水平组(Ⅱ、Ⅳ组)与抗生素组、对照组的活重、料重比、日增重、采食量的差异极显著(P0.01),该中草药组方的0.3%水平为最适添加量。     

不同青贮添加剂对紫花苜蓿青贮品质的影响

本试验从2006-2008年在塔里木大学选用天然发酵粉剂、绿汁发酵液、精准牌添加剂以及EM-原液对苜蓿进行青贮对比试验,结果表明,4种添加剂均能改善苜蓿青贮品质,经过气味、质地、色泽感官评定,天然发酵粉剂和绿汁发酵液青贮苜蓿为优等青贮饲料,而且它们的pH值(4.16,4.28)、丁酸(0,0)、NDF(28.0%,27.56%)、ADF(26.96%,26.83%)含量均较低,与对照组相比差异显著(P<0.05);而天然发酵粉剂与精准牌添加剂青贮苜蓿的乳酸含量分别为6.833 3和8.426 7,显著高于对照组的2.413 3(P<0.05),氨态氮含量则显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。4种添加剂在提高乳酸含量,降低氨态氮、pH值、乙酸、丙酸、丁酸、NDF和ADF含量等方面表现最好的是天然发酵粉剂,均显著优于对照组(P<0.05),其次是绿汁发酵液、精准牌添加剂。综合考虑,天然发酵粉剂和绿汁发酵剂青贮效果优于精准牌添加剂和EM-原液,天然发酵粉剂与绿汁发酵剂青贮效果相当。