永宁—泸沽湖地区摩梭人山林自然圣境与生物多样性保护

以永宁—泸沽湖地区摩梭人自然圣境中的山林自然圣境为研究对象,运用生态学方法,首先对该区域植被类型进行初步判断,再选择相似海拔、土壤条件的同样植被类型的对照样地,与圣境样地进行详细的样方调查,从而在生态系统水平上,对传统文化在生物多样性保护的影响方面进行定量分析。说明在生态环境遭受破坏的情况下,由于传统信仰文化的原因而建立的山林自然圣境保留了较为完整的自然垂直带谱。调查和定量分析的结果表明,与相同植被类型对照样地相比较,圣境具有更高的生物多样性,在植物群落物种组成上更接近于原始林地。定量分析的结果还表明,圣境对植被的保护作用是显著的,这种保护作用沿山地垂直梯度有上升效应,海拔越高,这种保护作用越明显。从而提示人类高度重视圣境对较高海拔地段自然生态系统的维持和保护作用。     

仙游县天然林停伐管护问题分析及对策建议

指出了停止天然林商业性采伐是党中央、国务院为保障森林资源安全,增强森林生态功能而做出的一项重大决策,对于推进生态文明建设有重大的意义。通过实地调查,认真分析了仙游县天然林停伐管护补助工作中存在的问题,并提出了切实可行的实施建议。以供参考。     

东北林区森工企业虚拟经营模式的研究

根据国家振兴东北老工业基地和治理森工＂两危＂的要求,结合东北林区生产经营管理实际情况,应信息网络技术飞速发展和随之而来的经营变革,提出森工企业虚拟经营新理念,旨在破除思维定势,走出传统林业企业经营管理模式的路径依赖,实现理论创新,提出以顾客为中心、追求时间与速度的全新的林区现代虚拟企业运作模式,以适应网络时代对林业企业竞争模式的新要求。     

Protection vs. commercial management: Spatial and temporal analysis of land cover changes in the tropical forests of Central India

Tropical forests worldwide are undergoing rapid changes due to increasing human populations and varied land use practices. In an effort to protect these forests and their species, the number of protected areas has increased exponentially in recent decades. Clearly protected areas play a crucial role in conservation efforts and this strategy has been found to be successful in several studies. However, protected areas are often embedded within a matrix of other land cover types, including non-protected forests, agricultural fields, or urban areas. It is therefore critical for park management to think beyond the borders of their protected areas and work to maintain ecological integrity of the surrounding matrix and the connectivity between protected areas. This study integrates remote sensing, GIS and field observations to examine the effects of different management strategies on land cover changes. As a case study we examine a tiger reserve in Central India which is surrounded by commercially managed forests, representative of many protected areas throughout India. Findings of this study show that while protected areas play an important role in conservation, alternative approaches including favorable management policies could also be effective to extend conservation over larger areas.     

Can trail spatial attributes predict trail use level in urban forest park? An examination integrating GPS data and space syntax theory

Understanding users’ spatial distribution in forest park is crucial for providing visitors with quality recreation experiences and for park planning and management. Utilizing users’ spatial distribution data, this study aims at investigating associations between trail use level and trail spatial attributes, through examining two large urban forest parks (Gongqing forest park and Paotaiwan forest park) in Shanghai, China. Users’ spatial distribution was measured utilizing GPS trackers with the interval of 10 seconds. This study conceptualizes trail spatial attributes as trail metric attributes and trail configurational attributes. Trail metric attributes include trail mean distance to gates, length, width and level of enclosure, which are calculated based on park map and on-site observation. We computed trail configurational attributes utilizing space syntax theory, which comprise measures of global integration, control, and connectivity. Trail connection with features/facilities, visual connection with water and shading are included as covariate variables. In total, we obtained 134 valid samples in Gongqing forest park and 210 valid samples in Paotaiwan forest park for analysis. Multivariate regression analyses indicate that when involving covariate variables, consistently in both parks, a greater trail usage is significantly related to trail shorter mean distance to park gate, trail width wider than 3 meters, higher global integration and higher control values. Collectively, these four trail spatial attributes explained 31.7 % (p < 0.001) and 27.3 % (p < 0.001) of the variances in trail use level in Gongqing forest park and Paotaiwan forest park. These findings provide direct implications to park designers and managers for providing visitors with different desirable social conditions, and ultimately improve users’ experiences and satisfactions.     

六盘山半湿润区华北落叶松林内降雨的空间异质性及合理取样数

目的 林内降雨的空间变异对林地土壤水分、林下植被生长有重要影响,准确刻画其空间变异特征,并确定其收集器的合理布设数量,有助于准确理解森林对水文的影响。 方法 于2021年6—10月,在六盘山半湿润区香水河小流域的华北落叶松（Larix gmelinii var. principis-rupprechtii (Mayr) Pilg.）纯林样地,利用样地内布设的40个林内降雨收集器收集每场降雨事件的林内降雨量,分析展叶和落叶期林内降雨的空间变异特征,并量化雨量收集器的合理布设数量。 结果 （1）整个生长季,林内总降雨量440.0 mm,占同期林外降雨量的77.5%,林内降雨空间变异系数28.23%;展叶和落叶期,林内总降雨量分别为153.8 和290.2 mm,占同期林外降雨量的73.0%和80.2%,林内降雨空间变异系数分别为36.0%和18.5%。总体上,林内降雨空间变异随次降雨量、雨强和降雨历时的增加先快速下降后逐渐趋于稳定。（2）整个生长季及展叶和落叶期林内降雨的块基比分别为0.042、0.012和0.275,变程分别为4.8、4.0和6.5 m。（3）在95%置信区间内,若将误差控制在5%内,至少需在展叶和落叶期分别布设17和14个截面积为235.58 cm2的雨量收集器。 结论 受降雨量和冠层结构差异影响,华北落叶松林内降雨空间变异在展叶和落叶期存在差异,不同时期雨量收集器合理布设数与林内降雨空间变异密切相关,要确保整个生长季林内降雨评估的准确性,应重视不同时期雨量收集合理布设数差异的影响。     

基于植被覆盖度的剑川县森林城市创建潜力研究

利用ENVI软件,基于像元二分模型法的剑川县2013年和2021年冬季Landsat 8影像,结合归一植被指数,计算剑川县不同时期植被覆盖度,利用决策树分类方法获得2013年和2021年两个时期的植被覆盖动态变化特征。结果表明,8年来剑川县高覆盖度植被区域面积不断增加,生态环境得到不断改善。分析剑川县各乡镇生态特色,结果表明,剑川县文化底蕴深厚,具有较好的森林城市创建潜力。     

对退耕还林还草有关问题的进一步思考

阐述了“一退双还”政策措施提出的意义和实施情况,提出应进一步明确“一退双还”的目的,从思想和政策上解决重林木轻草灌的倾向,力戒形式主义和表面文章、讲求实绩实效,“以林为主”的绿化方针值得进一步深思和商榷,“一退双还”的责任制和利益机制需进一步完善等一系列问题,值得进一步深入思考和认真解决,以保证“一退双还”和国土绿化工作的持续和健康发展。     

厦门城市森林马尾松宽带更新改造技术研究

厦门城市森林中马尾松劣质林分比例大,采用不同改造方式试验表明:宽带采伐更新改造效果较好,阔叶树种造林成活率高,幼林生长比较快,适宜阳性、强阳性和中性偏阳树种。且宽带更新改造技术较简单,可操作性强,便于推广应用。     

以固氮树种发展食用菌专用林的建议

许多固氮树种速生丰产，萌生能力强，叶片，木屑含氮率较高，可为食用菌栽培提供理想原料，而且固氮树种在绿花荒山，保持水土，提高地力方面作用显著，以固氮树种发展短轮伐期食用菌专用林，具有较高的经济效益和生态效益，本文介绍了银合欢，黑荆，大叶相思，银荆，桤木，南洋楹和马占相思等在食用菌栽培上的应用概况，各地可因地制宜栽培合适的固氮树种作为食用菌专用林。