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21.
A Gis-derived integrated moisture index to predict forest composition and productivity of Ohio forests (U.S.A.) 总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9
Iverson Louis R. Dale Martin E. Scott Charles T. Prasad Anantha 《Landscape Ecology》1997,12(5):331-348
A geographic information system (GIS) approach was used in conjunction with forest-plot data to develop an integrated moisture index (IMI), which was then used to predict forest productivity (site index) and species composition for forests in Ohio. In this region, typical of eastern hardwoods across the Midwest and southern Appalachians, topographic aspect and position (rather than elevation) change drastically at the fine scale and strongly influence many ecological functions. Elevational contours, soil series mapping units, and plot locations were digitized for the Vinton Furnace Experimental Forest in southeastern Ohio and gridded to 7.5-m cells for GIS modeling. Several landscape features (a slope-aspect shading index, cumulative flow of water downslope, curvature of the landscape, and water-holding capacity of the soil) were used to create the IMI, which was then statistically analyzed with site-index values and composition data for plots. On the basis of IMI values for forest land harvested in the past 30 years, we estimated oak site index and the percentage composition of two major species groups in the region: oak (Quercus spp.), and yellow poplar (Liriodendron tulipifera) plus black cherry (Prunus serotina). The derived statistical relationships were then applied in the GIS to create maps of site index and composition, and verified with independent data. The maps show the oaks will dominate on dry, ridge top positions (i.e., low site index), while the yellow poplar and black cherry will predominate on mesic sites. Digital elevation models with coarser resolution (1:24K, 1:100K, 1:250K) also were tested in the same manner. We had generally good success for 1:24K, moderate success for 1:100K, but no success for 1:250K data. This simple and portable approach has the advantage of using readily available GIS information which is time-invariant and requires no fieldwork. The IMI can be used to better manage forest resources where moisture is limiting and to predict how the resource will change under various forms of ecosystem management. 相似文献
22.
为探究坡位对油松林土壤理化性质的影响,以冀西北不同坡位油松林为研究对象,分析不同坡位土壤理化性质差异。结果表明:(1)冀西北油松林土壤容重在1.01~1.09 g/cm3之间变动,土壤容重坡上普遍高于坡下,二者差异显著;垂直梯度土壤容重随土层深度增加而增加。(2)土壤总孔隙度变化范围为43.48%~61.48%,随土层厚度增加而减少,坡上与坡下差异显著,平均来看坡下高于坡上。(3)土壤持水能力坡上与坡下差异较大,坡下总体高于坡上,其土壤饱和持水量最大相差108 t/hm2。(4)土壤养分坡上和坡下总体差异显著,均呈现坡下>坡上;从土壤垂直梯度来看,全氮、全磷与有效磷随土层厚度增加而增加,全钾、碱解氮与速效钾在土层垂直梯度上变化不明显。有机碳随土层厚度增加而减小,土壤pH值坡上与坡下差异不明显 相似文献
23.
The high rates of urban in-migration and poverty common in many developing country towns potentially increases the reliance of urban populations on the direct benefits provided by trees. Yet understanding of the extent of such use and the sources of these tree products is limited. Here we report on the extent of use of urban tree products by 450 households in the poorer areas of three towns along a rainfall gradient based on household questionnaires. We considered the proportion of households making use of each of several tree products and the collection or purchasing frequency which we disaggregated by source of the product, including trees in homesteads, urban spaces, edges of towns and via purchase from traders. Most households (91%) used firewood, which was most frequently collected from the urban fringe or purchased, although one-third at times also collected firewood from trees on their home plot. All households used fruits, most commonly sourced through purchase (98%), but nearly half of whom also supplemented by harvesting fruits from their home plot. Other products used included wood for building, fencing and utensils, herbal medicines, planting material and mulch. Collection of products from urban homestead trees was highest amongst households in the informal settlements and least in the more established townships. Residents of new low-cost housing areas made extensive use of urban tree products harvested in urban spaces because they had fewer homestead trees than residents of informal areas or townships. Overall, urban residents made use of a wide array of tangible products from trees which they sourced from a variety of places, including their homestead plot. This urges that planning agencies ensure that homestead plot sizes or other urban spaces that provide tree products are large enough to support the direct needs of poorer urban residents. 相似文献
24.
25.
作者就对宜昌市国有林场二次创业潜在的优势、出路及观念的改变进行了分析和探讨 ,为国有林场建设和发展不断注入新活力 ,实现林业跨越式发展奠定了基础 相似文献
26.
2003~2013年,对山东枣庄青檀寺青檀林伴生生物和山东枣庄、泰安、济南,北京市妙峰山、上方山,山西灵丘县花塔,安徽青阳、泾县、全椒、滁州琅琊山等地青檀林主要有害生物种类进行调查研究。结果表明:枣庄地区青檀林伴生生物共有129种,其中病原微生物类8种,腹足纲动物1科2种,蛛形纲动物4科5种,昆虫纲动物7目、38科、55种,植物35科、59种。调查中发现的一种绵叶蚜经中国科学院动物研究所乔格侠研究员鉴定为绵叶蚜属一新种,定名为青檀绵叶蚜(Shivaphis pterocelti Qiao,Jiang and An,sp.nov.)。青檀林主要有害生物有腹足纲灰巴蜗牛[Bradybaena ravida (Benson)]和同型巴蜗牛[Bradybaena similaris (Ferussac)],蛛形纲山楂红蜘蛛(Tetranychus viennensis Zacher),昆虫纲鳞翅目灯蛾科美国白蛾[Hlyphantria cunea (Drury)]、半翅目斑蚜科青檀绵叶蚜(新种)(Shivaphis pterocelti Qiao,Jiang and An,sp.nov.)、鞘翅目天牛科桑天牛[Apriona germari (Hope)]。同时,对青檀苗圃地杂草进行调查,共有17科37种。 相似文献
27.
We studied the effects of aggregates of different sizes on the soil microbial biomass. The distribution of aggregate size classes (<2, 2–4, 4–10, >10 mm) in the upper mineral soil horizon (Ah layer) was very different in three sites (upper, intermediate, lower) in a beechwood (Fagus sylvatica) on a basalt hill (Germany). Aggregates of different sizes (<2, 2–4, 4–10 mm) contained different amounts of C and N but the C:N ratios were similar. C and N contents were generally higher in smaller aggregates. The maximum initial respiratory response by microorganisms in intact aggregates and in aggregates passed through a 1-mm sieve declined with the aggregate size, but the difference was more pronounced in intact aggregates. Disruption of aggregates generally increased this response, particularly in 4- to 10-mm aggregates in the lower site. Basal respiration differed strongly among sites, but was similar in each of the aggregate size classes. Aggregate size did not significantly affect the specific respiration (g O2 g–1 microbial C h–1) nor the microbial: organic C ratio, but these parameters differed among sites. Microbial growth was increased strongly by passing the soil through a 1-mm sieve in each of the aggregate materials. The growth of microorganisms in disrupted aggregates was similar, and the effect of aggregate disruption depended on the growth of microorganisms in intact aggregates. 相似文献
28.
29.
The modification of natural habitats requires behavioural plasticity, which may be challenging for ‘specialist’ species. Quantifying habitat requirements and behavioural responses of specialists to landscape transformation is thus a priority for baseline data to inform conservation practices. Using camera-trap surveys of the forest-dependent Lemon Dove Aplopelia larvata in conjunction with detailed microhabitat-scale covariates, we assessed habitat use during two periods in the year: autumn–winter and spring–summer (which largely encompassed peak breeding). We used occupancy modelling of forest-structural covariates to produce models of the probability of occupancy and detection of Lemon Doves in patches of the Indian Ocean Coastal Belt Forest of South Africa. The average occupancy and detection probability as indicated by the top-performing models was 0.39 ± 0.08 and 0.26 ± 0.05, respectively, during autumn–winter, and 0.37 ± 0.08 and 0.25 ± 0.04, respectively, during spring–summer. Although occupancy and probability of detection remained relatively constant between seasons, there was seasonal variation in the influence of individual covariates for both measures. The overall trend of positive influences on Lemon Dove occupancy was that of complex and diverse habitat structures and high plant species richness. The specific covariates that influenced occupancy positively during spring–summer may reflect the ecological requirements for nestling provisioning for both dietary needs and an avoidance of potential disturbance. Thus, while Lemon Doves may be less habitat-specific during autumn–winter, conservation management plans for safeguarding the breeding success of the species are advised to ensure adequate protection of large forest patches with complex and diverse interior structures and minimal disturbance. 相似文献
30.
从森工国有资产产权代表缺位,归属模糊,投资效益、运营效率等方面剖析了国有资产管理上的问题。提出了森工国有资产分层次管理的管理方式,从理论和实践上阐述了森工国有资产经营公司的建立及相应的职责范围,资产经营收益分配,并对经营公司的运作做了简要的陈述。 相似文献