乙二胺四乙酸钠对猪卵母细胞的体外成熟和孤雌激活后早期发育的影响

本研究探讨了乙二胺四乙酸钠(EDTA-N a)对猪卵母细胞的体外成熟和孤雌激活后早期发育的影响。利用屠宰场猪卵巢卵母细胞,在不添加或添加不同浓度EDTA-N a的成熟培养液中体外成熟44~48 h,挑选核成熟卵母细胞进行孤雌激活,然后移到不添加或添加不同浓度EDTA-N a的胚胎培养液中进行体外培养168 h。结果说明:(1)成熟液中添加适当浓度(25~100μm o l/L)EDTA-N a对体外成熟猪卵母细胞孤雌激活后的早期发育具有促进作用,在EDTA-N a浓度为100μm o l/L时,效果最佳;(2)胚胎培养液中添加适当浓度(25~100μm o l/L)EDTA-N a,对体外成熟猪卵母细胞孤雌激活后的早期发育具有促进作用,在EDTA-N a浓度为100μm o l/L时,效果最佳;(3)成熟液和胚胎培养液中同时添加100μm o l/L EDTA-N a对体外成熟猪卵母细胞孤雌激活后的早期发育具有促进作用;(4)成熟液或/和胚胎培养液中添加不同浓度EDTA-N a,对体外成熟培养后的猪核成熟卵母细胞及孤雌激活后的4-细胞孤雌胚SDS-PAGE电泳的蛋白质表达图谱都无显著影响。     

Sources and mechanisms of priming effect induced in two grassland soils amended with slurry and sugar

The mechanisms and specific sources of priming effects, i.e. short term changes of soil organic matter (SOM) decomposition after substance addition, are still not fully understood. These uncertainties are partly method related, i.e. until now only two C sources in released CO₂ could be identified. We used a novel approach separating three carbon (C) sources in CO₂ efflux from soil. The approach is based on combination of different substances originated from C₃ or C₄ plants in different treatments and identical transformation of substances like C₃ sugar (from sugar beet) and C₄ sugar (from sugar cane). We investigated the influence of the addition of two substances having different microbial utilizability, i.e. slurry and sugar on the SOM or/and slurry decomposition in two grassland soils with different levels of C_org (2.3 vs. 5.1% C). Application of slurry to the soil slightly accelerated the SOM decomposition. Addition of sugar lead to changes of SOM and slurry decomposition clearly characterized by two phases: immediately after sugar addition, the microorganisms switched from the decomposition of hardly utilizable SOM to the decomposition of easily utilizable sugar. This first phase was very short (2-3 days), hence was frequently missed in other experiments. The second phase showed a slightly increased slurry and SOM decomposition (compared to the soil without sugar). The separation of three sources in CO₂ efflux from grassland soils allowed us to conclude that the C will be utilized according to its utilizability: sugar>slurry>SOM. Additionally, decomposition of more inert C (here SOM) during the period of intensive sugar decomposition was strongly reduced (negative priming effect). We conclude that, priming effects involve a chain of mechanisms: (i) preferential substrate utilization, (ii) activation of microbial biomass by easily utilizable substrate (iii) subsequent increased utilization of following substrates according to their utilizability, and (iv) decline to initial state.     

山羊-绵羊种间体细胞核移植重构胚构建

以山羊皮肤成纤维细胞为供体细胞,绵羊去核卵母细胞为受体细胞进行种间体细胞核移植,构建山羊-绵羊重构胚,并对其采用离子霉素联合6-DM AP法和胞质注射绵羊精子提取物法进行激活,比较两种不同激活方法对山羊-绵羊种间体细胞核移植重构胚的激活效果。结果表明,共构建获得山羊-绵羊重构胚238枚,重构胚在体外能够发育至囊胚阶段;离子霉素联合6-DM AP法激活的卵裂率为58.33%(70/120),囊胚发育率为4.28%(3/70);胞质注射绵羊精子提取物法激活的卵裂率为63.55%(75/118),囊胚发育率为6.66%(5/75),两种方法的激活效果差异不显著。     

Effects of Chemical Activation on the Parthenogenetic Development of Porcine in vitro Maturation Oocytes

The objective of this study was to determine the effects of ionomycin combined with cytochalasin B (CB), cycloheximide (CHX), or 6-dimethylaminopurine (6-DMAP) on the activation of porcine oocytes. In Experiment 1, in vitro matured oocytes were activated with 15,20,25 or 30 mmol L-1 ionomycin separately. Activation rates of 20,25 mmol L-1 and 30 mmol L-1 treatments were higher (P<0.05) than that of 15 mmol L-1 treatment. In Experiment 2, in vitro matured oocytes were activated with 20 mmol L-1 ionomycin for 10,20,30,40 or 50 min and then incubated with 2 mmol L-1 6-DMAP for 6 h.Cleavage and blastocyst rates [(72.40±13.02)％, (25.37±11.43)％] after treatments for 40 min were higher (P>0.05) thanthose of the other treatments. In Experiment 3, matured oocytes were activated with ionomycin and then incubated with 7.5 mgmL-1 CB, 10 mg mL-1 CHX, 2 mmol L-16-DMAP, 7.5 mg mL-1 CB + 10 mg mL-1 CHX or 7.5 mg mL-1 CB + 2 mmol L-1 6-DMAP for6 h. The rates of activation, cleavage and blastocyst of 2 mmol L-1 6-DMAP treatment [(86.05±4.29)％, (61.77±8.10)％ and(21.62±3.31)％] were higher (P<0.05) than those of 7.5 mg mL-1 CB treatment. In Experiment 4, matured oocytes wereactivated with ionomycin and then incubated with 2 mmol L-1 6-DMAP for 3.5, 5.5 or 7.5 h. Cleavage rates and blastocyst rates of 5.5 h treatment [(66.59±14.36)％ and (25.40±10.16)％] were higher (P>0.05) than those of other treatments. In conclusion, activation of porcine oocytes appears to be most successful using the combination of ionomycin (20 mmol L-1,40 min) followed by 6-DMAP (2 mmol L-1, 5.5 h).     

施肥对寒地禾本科牧草生长发育的影响

随着生态农业和畜牧业的发展,寒地牧草的种植正在以迅猛的速度发展,而牧草施肥相对比较落后.通过试验表明:牧草专用肥可以促进禾本科牧草的生长发育,使其地上部分生长迅速.N10P5K3表现最好,株高73.7 cm,增高9.8 cm.N10P5K3增产幅度最大,鲜草增产18 486 kg·hm-2,增产率为77.0%;干草增产8 433 kg·hm-2,增产率为78.7%.每kg肥料增产最高的是N10P5K3为61.62 kg,增加了47.9 kg,产投比也最好为5.60 ∶ 1.所以N10P5K3是寒地禾本科牧草生产的最佳施肥配方.     

土霉素及镉污染对土壤呼吸及酶活性的影响

随着饲料工业以及畜禽养殖业的规模化发展,抗生素和重金属在土壤环境中同时存在的几率不断增大。为了分析抗生素和重金属对土壤微生物生态系统的影响,以土霉素(OTC)与镉(Cd)为污染物,采用室内培养法,研究了土霉素(OTC)与镉(Cd)单一处理及复合污染对土壤呼吸和酶活性的影响。结果表明,10mg/kg重金属镉单独污染对土壤微生物呼吸表现为先抑制后激活作用,且显著抑制了土壤蔗糖酶、脲酶、磷酸酶活性,对3种酶活性平均抑制率从大到小依次为:蔗糖酶磷酸酶脲酶;1mg/kg土霉素显著激活土壤微生物呼吸,50和200mg/kg土霉素对土壤微生物呼吸的影响呈现出先抑制后激活的规律。各处理浓度下的土霉素对蔗糖酶和脲酶活性均主要表现为抑制作用,对磷酸酶活性的影响呈现出一定的波动性;当土霉素的浓度为1和200mg/kg时,其与10mg/kg镉的复合污染对土壤微生物呼吸及3种酶活性的影响主要为拮抗作用,但当土霉素的浓度为50mg/kg时,与10mg/kg镉的复合污染对土壤微生物呼吸及3种酶活性的影响则主要为协同作用。微生物呼吸对土霉素与镉胁迫更为敏感,最高抑制率和激活率分别可达98.98%和300.82%,土壤酶活性受土霉素和镉污染的影响要弱于它们对土壤微生物呼吸的影响。     

红外联合气体射流冲击方法缩短哈密瓜片的干燥时间

为了缩短哈密瓜片干制时间,应用中短波红外联合气体射流冲击方法干燥哈密瓜片,研究了干燥温度(50、55、60、65、70、75和80℃)、辐射距离(80、120和160 mm)和切片厚度(3、5、7、9和11 mm)对哈密瓜片干燥动力学、水分有效扩散系数、干燥活化能的影响。试验结果表明:与其他干燥技术相比,中短波红外联合气体射流冲击干燥哈密瓜片的干燥时间大幅缩短,约为2~3.5 h;哈密瓜片整个干燥过程属于降速干燥,通过费克第二定律求出了干燥过程中水分有效扩散系数在10.65×10-10~33.76×10-10m2/s和8.06×10-10~39.97×10-10m2/s的范围内分别随着干燥温度和切片厚度的增大而增大;通过阿尼乌斯公式计算出了干燥活化能为7.788 kJ/mol,表明中短波红外联合气体射流冲击干燥哈密瓜片时,启动干燥所需能量较低,水分脱除较为容易;哈密瓜片表面温度的动力曲线表明,中短波红外联合气体射流冲击干燥中能量直接与水分耦合,使物料在中前期干燥过程中温度迅速上升,加速了干燥进程。该研究为哈密瓜片中短波红外联合气体射流冲击干燥技术的应用提供了理论依据和技术支持。     

人地情感对森林公园环境负责行为的影响研究

规范激活模型是预测利他行为的重要理论,游客与地方之间的情感作为游客环境负责行为密切相关的因素,将人地情感因素纳入规范激活模型,一个解释和预测游客环境负责行为的游客环境负责行为NAM整合模型得以构建.针对福州森林公园的309名游客样本的实证研究显示:1)建构的游客环境负责行为NAM整合模型解释与预测适配度指标良好,且模型...     

低温磷酸活化棉秆制备活性炭的研究

以棉秆为原料,活化温度在300～450 ℃之间,研究了低温磷酸活化制备活性炭的可行性,并测定了活性炭的碘吸附值、亚甲基蓝吸附值和焦糖脱色率等吸附性能指标;根据氮气吸附等温线分析了活性炭的孔隙结构特征;采用Boehm 滴定方法分析了活性炭的各类表面官能团.结果表明:在磷酸的低温活化过程中,活化温度的升高显著促进了活性炭的比表面积及其对亚甲基蓝吸附值和焦糖脱色率等的吸附能力.在 350 ℃下的低温磷酸活化棉秆能够制备出比表面积达 1 244 m2/g,表面官能团含量高达 10.4 mmol/g,亚甲基蓝吸附值和焦糖脱色率分别达到 190 mL/g 和 100 % 的孔隙结构发达和极性较强的活性炭.     

Effects of different group B streptococci strains on platelet activation

AIM: To explore the ability of different group B streptococci (GBS) strains on inducing platelet activation. METHODS: Six strains of GBS, separated from the septic patients with thrombocytopenia, were used as the inducers. Light transmission aggregometry was used to measure platelet aggregation. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was performed to investigate the interaction of platelets with bacteria. The expression of platelet CD62P, Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) and TLR4 was determined by flow cytometry and Western blotting. Furthermore, the activity of platelet TLR2 (or TLR4) was blocked by anti-TLR2 (or anti-TLR4) monoclonal antibody, and the platelet aggregation induced by GBS was detected. RESULTS: Only 3 of 6 GBS strains isolated from the septic patients induced platelet aggregation and up-regulated the expression of CD62P and TLR2 in the platelets (P < 0.05), but not TLR4. Incubation with anti-TLR2 antibody, but not anti-TLR4 antibody, significantly blocked platelet aggregation induced by GBS.CONCLUSION: Some GBS strains from the patients are able to trigger platelet activation in vitro, and platelet TLR2 may play an important role in the interaction between GBS and platelets.