洲际背包客中国出入境口岸选择

本文首次讨论洲际背包客在华出入境口岸选择偏好。在对西安、阳朔两地洲际背包客进行旅游市场实地亲身调查的基础上,总结了背包客对北京、香港、上海、广州中国四大进出境口岸城市的旅游访问率;讨论了对各口岸城市的选择行为并分析了影响口岸选择的因素;在Leiper双目的地旅游系统地理要素模型的基础上,构建了洲际背包客旅游系统地理要素模型;提出不同旅游偏好的洲际背包客对相应类型顶尖级旅游吸引物先睹为快的倾向。     

Effects of previous leaf injuries to spring canola on western black flea beetle (Phyllotreta pusilla) feeding

Two trials were conducted in 2002 with 14-day-old spring canola (Brassica napus L.) seedlings to evaluate the effects of previous leaf injuries of different cultivars on subsequent injury by western black flea beetle (WBFB),Phyllotreta pusilla Horn (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), under greenhouse conditions in Colorado (USA). Previous leaf cutting was found to have only minor effects on subsequent infestation and injury by WBFB, and such effects may be cultivar-specific. Only IMC205 showed significant differences by more than one parameter during these studies; cultivars Excel and 46A65 showed no responses in injury or infestation between previously cut and uncut plants. http://www.phytoparasitica.org posting Nov. 14, 2005.     

Isolation,Identification and Biological Characteristics of Staphylococcus chromogenes from Tibetan Pigs

In order to understand the infection of Staphylococcus disease in healthy Tibetan pigs in Linzhi city,Tibet.232 samples were collected from the slaughterhouse in Bahe town,Gongbujiangda county,Linzhi city,Tibet,the teaching practice ranch at the Tibet Agriculture and Animal Husbandry University in Bayi district,Linzhi city,and the slaughterhouse in Bayi district,Linzhi city.These samples were isolated,cultured and identified,and one isolated strain was systematically studied for biological characteristics.Epidemiological survey results showed that 73 of 232 samples were positive for Staphylococcus,the positive rate was 31.47%,16 positive samples were detected in the slaughterhouse of Bahe town,Gongbujiangda county,Linzhi,Tibet,with a detection rate of 23.89%(16/67),43 positive samples were detected in the pastures of the teaching practice ranch at the Tibet Agriculture and Animal Husbandry University in Bayi district,Linzhi city,with a detection rate of 34.40% (43/125),14 positive samples were detected in the slanghterhouse in Bayi district,Linzhi city,with a detection rate of 35.00% (14/40).Through PCR identification,gene sequencing and biochemical identification,5 strains of Staphylococcus chromogenes were isolated,and one of them (Sa LZ1) was studied systematically.The biological characteristics of the isolated strains showed that the Sa LZ1 strain formed round white convex colonies on the agar medium,with regular edges,smooth surfaces,and opaque white colonies.The isolates were Gram-positive cocci bacteria.PCR sequencing results showed that the isolate had the highest homology with Staphylococcus chromogenes (GenBank accession No.:MG576253.1),positive for serum inulin,manicol,glucose,saccharose,lactose,negative for arabinose,sodium hippurate,raffinose,xylose,urea,etc,consistent with the biochemical characteristics of Staphylococcus chromogenes.The logarithmic growth period of isolated bacteria was 5 to 10 h.The pathogenicity test of mice showed that the mortality rate of mice reached 100% when the concentration of Sa LZ1 strain reached 3.5×10⁹ CFU/mL.And the results of pathological section showed that Sa LZ1 strain could cause the visceral tissue of mice to develop pathological changes.The above results provided a theoretical basis for the prevention and control of Staphylococcus suis in Linzhi,Tibet.     

Research Progress of Canine Coronavirus and Feline Coronavirus

Canine coronavirus (CCoV) and feline coronavirus (FCoV) belong to α-genus coronavirus of coronavirus family,porcine transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV),porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) also belong to the same genus.Genetic evolution analysis showed that different genotype of the virus could produce new variant strains through gene recombination,which caused great obstacles to the diagnosis and control of the disease.β-genus coronaviruses include bovine coronavirus (BCoV),canine respiratory coronavirus (CRCoV) and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV).Among them,CRCoV has the highest homology with BCoV,but there are great differences in genomic structure,pathogenic mechanism and infection symptoms between this kind of coronavirus and α-coronavirus.CCoV and FCoV are widely spreading around the world,characterized by high morbidity and low mortality.Due to the characteristics of RNA virus and the influence of environmental selection pressure,the viruses continue to mutate and evolve,and new virulent strains appear one after another.The virulence of feline infectious peritonitis virus (FIPV) is greatly enhanced,some specific point mutations in the virus genome change the cellular tropism against the host.The pathogenesis of the virus mainly depends on the antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE) induced by virus infection.The epidemiological investigation and prevention and control of CCoV and FCoV should not only rely on the single factor of vaccine immunity,but also comprehensively consider the virulence of the virus,environmental conditions,pet self-immune resistance, and so on.The identification of CCoV and FCoV should be based on clinical symptoms,combined with routine hematological examination,serum biochemical examination and laboratory diagnosis techniques to prevent false positive and false negative results.     

西北地区野生动植物进出口管理初探

西北地区(陕、甘、宁、青四省区)野生动植物资源十分丰富,近年来随着改革开放的深入及西部大开发的实施,野生动植物进出口贸易发展迅速;贸易产品由最初以野禽野味、动物皮毛为主向观赏野生动物、中药材、生物提取物、木材、科研样品等商品种类转变,成为该地区重要的创汇来源。为处理好资源保护、履行国际义务和发展经济之间的矛盾,本文拟就野生动植物进出口贸易管理方面提出建议。     

饲养层细胞对胚胎干细胞的影响及其分离培养的影响因素

胚胎干细胞及其相关研究是生命科学领域中最有活力、最有影响力、最有应用前景的研究方向之一，它与遗传工程，转基因技术等相结合具有重大的理论意义与实践价值。饲养层细胞在胚胎干细胞分离培养的过程中起着异常重要的作用。作者结合实践经验就饲养层细胞对胚胎干细胞的影响进行了概述，介绍了饲养层细胞的分类，并分析了饲养层细胞分离培养的影响因素。     

胚胎干细胞的研究进展

胚胎干细胞来源于附植前胚胎的内细胞团或附植后胎儿的原始生殖细胞具有发育全能性的细胞。本文从它的研究概况、生物学特性、胚胎干细胞的分离培养与建系等方面做一概述。     

新世纪保护区面临的挑战及其有效对策

道路、水库、建筑物、不断扩大的农田和土地退化正在使自然景观的完整性受到严重破坏。所保存的未经干扰或少受干扰的天然生态系统的面积日益缩小，犹如海洋中的孤岛。生物多样性受到严重的威胁。在自然保护区中，物种迁移和基因流动的可能性也在不断地降低。生物区域规划被认为是一种较好的选择，它力求把保护区和栽培地区视为一个有机整体，遵循保护和发展密切结合的方针，制定行动计划并予以实施。本文根据保护区的管理情况、工作条件和科研状况等，对保护区或区域的类型进行了划分，针对现实，提出了如何实施生物区域规划。     

猪圆环病毒2型PCR检测方法的建立及应用

根据Genbank中PCV2全基因组序列设计了扩增片段大小为262bp的引物P1/P2,建立了检测猪圆环病毒2型PCR方法。引物对P1/P2从PCV2阳性病毒感染基因组中扩增出特异性条带的最低DNA含量为10-9ng/mL(约100个PCV2病毒)。用该方法对陕西和甘肃的103份临床发病猪的肺脏和淋巴结样品进行检测,结果有68份样品检测出阳性,阳性率为66%。     

江南地区大棚促成—避雨栽培下葡萄品种光合特性的比较

 研究表明, 促成—避雨栽培( Forcing-cultivation and Rain-shelter-cultivation, F-C & R-S-C) 条件下7个葡萄品种: ①净光合速率( Pn) 日均值、光饱和点(LSP) 、光补偿点(LCP) 在促成阶段分别为CO₂ (5.74 ±4.33) ～ (7.87 ±5.85) 、494～1 110和9.6～5.15 μmol·m^-2 ·s^-1 , 在避雨阶段分别为(3.85±1.82) ～ (5.62 ±3.23) 、806～1 407和16.5～33.5 μmol·m ^{- 2} ·s^{- 1} ; 各品种的CO₂ 饱和点(CSP) 、CO₂补偿点(CCP) 在促成阶段分别为717～1 500和60.6～88.0 μL·L ^{- 1} , 在避雨阶段分别为944～1 601和14.1～59.1 μL·L ^{- 1} ; ②在促成阶段的Pn日均值、Pn日高峰值、Pn日积分值、气孔导度( Gs) 、蒸腾速率( Tr) 、LSP和CSP相对于避雨阶段较高, 光合表观量子效率(AQY) 、羧化效率(CE) 、LCP、CCP和多数品种的水分利用效率(WUE) 则较低; ③上述指标在不同栽培阶段各品种间的差异显著, 其中‘黎明无核’、‘里扎马特’和‘郑州早玉’的Pn日均值、WUE、AQY、CE、LSP和CSP均相对较高, 而LCP和CCP相对较低, 较适宜该种设施栽培。