Land-use history has a stronger impact on soil microbial community composition than aboveground vegetation and soil properties

The response of soil microbial communities following changes in land-use is governed by multiple factors. The objectives of this study were to investigate (i) whether soil microbial communities track the changes in aboveground vegetation during succession; and (ii) whether microbial communities return to their native state over time. Two successional gradients with different vegetation were studied at the W. K. Kellogg Biological Station, Michigan. The first gradient comprised a conventionally tilled cropland (CT), mid-succession forest (SF) abandoned from cultivation prior to 1951, and native deciduous forest (DF). The second gradient comprised the CT cropland, early-succession grassland (ES) restored in 1989, and long-term mowed grassland (MG). With succession, the total microbial PLFAs and soil microbial biomass C consistently increased in both gradients. While bacterial rRNA gene diversity remained unchanged, the abundance and composition of many bacterial phyla changed significantly. Moreover, microbial communities in the relatively pristine DF and MG soils were very similar despite major differences in soil properties and vegetation. After >50 years of succession, and despite different vegetation, microbial communities in SF were more similar to those in mature DF than in CT. In contrast, even after 17 years of succession, microbial communities in ES were more similar to CT than endpoint MG despite very different vegetation between CT and ES. This result suggested a lasting impact of cultivation history on the soil microbial community. With conversion of deciduous to conifer forest (CF), there was a significant change in multiple soil properties that correlated with changes in microbial biomass, rRNA gene diversity and community composition. In conclusion, history of land-use was a stronger determinant of the composition of microbial communities than vegetation and soil properties. Further, microbial communities in disturbed soils apparently return to their native state with time.     

Conversion of a tropical forest into agroforest alters the fine root-related carbon flux to the soil

Large areas of remaining tropical forests are affected by anthropogenic disturbances of various intensities. These disturbances alter the structure of the forest ecosystem and consequently its carbon budget. We analysed the role of fine root dynamics in the soil carbon budget of tropical moist forests in South-east Asia along a gradient of increasing disturbance intensity. Fine root production, fine root turnover, and the associated carbon fluxes from the fine root system to the soil were estimated with three different approaches in five stands ranging from an old growth forest with negligible anthropogenic disturbance to a cacao agroforestry system with planted shade trees. Annual fine root production and mortality in three natural forest sites with increasing canopy openness decreased continuously with increasing forest disturbance, with a reduction of more than 45% between the undisturbed forest and the forest with large timber extraction. Cacao agroforestry stands had higher fine root production and mortality rates than forest with large timber extraction but less than undisturbed forest. The amount of carbon annually transferred to the soil carbon pool through fine root mortality was highest in the undisturbed forest and generally decreased with increasing forest use intensity. However, root-related C flux was also relatively high in the plantation with planted shading trees. In contrast, the relative importance of C transfer from root death in the total above- and below-ground C input to the soil increased with increasing forest use intensity and was even similar to the C input via leaf litter fall in the more intensively managed agroforest. We conclude that moderate to heavy disturbance in South-east Asian tropical moist forests has a profound impact on fine root turnover and the related carbon transfer to the soil.     

威宁龙凤山森林公园风景资源调查研究

通过对龙凤山公园景观资源的调查,分析其构成及分布状况;对森林景观类型进行分析归类;对公园自然景观特色、人文景观特色和借景景观资源进行深入阐述分析,为公园建设的规划设计、开发建设提供详实依据。     

小陇山林业局天然林保护工程社会经济效益分析

对甘肃省小陇山林业局天然林保护工程实施以来的社会和经济效益进行了分析.结果表明,天然林保护工程实施4 a来,产生了明显的社会效益和经济效益.虽然给森工企业带来局部的经济损失,但是对地方财政、企业职工及当地群众的经济收入影响不大.经计算小陇山林业局国民生产总值累计损失16 524.33万元,当地政府财政收入增加263.77万元,企业职工收入增加8 573.20万元,当地农户收入增加3 760.99万元.     

2021年度国家自然科学基金农学基础与作物学学科项目申请、评审与资助情况分析

为持续推进科学基金改革,促进学科均衡、协调和可持续发展,分析了国家自然科学基金农学基础与作物学学科2021年度新申请代码下的项目申请、评审与资助情况及基于4类科学问题属性的分类申请与资助情况等,提出了项目申请存在的主要问题和建议.     

广东八宝山森林群落优势种群的生态位研究

研究了广东八宝山森林群落２５个优势种群的生态位特征，以Ｓｈａｎｎｏｎ－Ｗｉｅｎｅｒ指数和相似性比例分别计算了２５个种群的生态位宽度及它们之间所形成的部分种对的生态位重叠，结果表明，八宝山森林群落中生态位宽度最大的种群为红背雄，米锥，硬斗稠以及木荷，生态位宽度的大小与按重要值排列的优势种群顺序基本一致，生态位重叠则与生态位宽度有一定关系，具较宽生态位的２个种群一般都有较高的生态位重叠值，文章还对生态     

云南林木真菌病害研究(Ⅰ)

报道了云南林木真菌病害２３种,其中：国内新记录４种,云南省内新记录１１种,云南省内已知种新分布８种．前者有描述,其余以名录列后,拟供植保和植检工作参考．     

南岭国家级自然保护区种子植物区系分析

报道了南岭国家级自然保护区种子植物区系的组成与特点。调查结果表明,该区系的种类丰富,计有种子植物１７５科８２２属２２９２种,其中裸子植物９科２０属３０种,被子植物１６６科８０２属２２６２种。区系的地理成分复杂,具有中国１５个种子分布区类型的１４个,世界其它地区的植物成分均有一定联系,其中热带成分占明显优势,同时也受到温带成分较强烈的影响,有３３个中国特有分布属。本区系具有源远源流长的发生发展历史,     

马尾松人工林可燃物负荷量和燃损量的动态预测

森林可燃物是森林燃烧的物质基础,是林火行为预报的基本依据之一。基于森林燃烧和蔓延规律,选取地表层、树冠层为建模单元;利用林分因子和火环境因子,通过多元回归分析方法,建立了低山丘陵区马尾松人工林幼龄林及中龄林可燃物类型的可燃物负荷量和可燃物烧损量模型。     

黑河地区林业生态工程构建技术

通年对黑河地区水土流失现状的调查和分析，论述了林业生态工程建设的必要性提出了界河防护林、水库水源涵养林、坡地水土保持林及废旧矿区植被恢复与重建等林业生态工程构建技术，为振兴地方经济，改善生态环境及制定区域性发展规划提供科学依据。