盐胁迫和干旱胁迫对蓝花子种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响

将蓝花子培养在含有不同浓度的NaCl和甘露醇的MS培养基上,研究蓝花子在不同浓度的NaCl和甘露醇处理下的发芽势、发芽率、相对发芽率、叶绿素含量以及过氧化物酶活性等,揭示蓝花子对盐胁迫和干旱胁迫的耐受能力。结果表明:蓝花子的发芽率、株高、根长、叶绿素以及过氧化物酶活性都随NaCl浓度的升高而显著下降;在甘露醇胁迫时,蓝花子幼苗的根长、叶绿素含量以及POD酶活性都随甘露醇浓度的升高表现为先升高后降低的趋势。说明同十字花科其它植物相比蓝花子对盐胁迫十分敏感,而对干旱胁迫却能表现出比较明显的耐受性。     

Parentage assignment in Haliotis midae L.: a precursor to future genetic enhancement programmes for South African abalone

The establishment and evaluation of family lines using pedigree information provides an advanced understanding of the variability that exists for complex, economically valuable traits and is a necessary step in the execution of an effective breeding programme. The aim of this study was to assign parentage to mass‐spawned Haliotis midae juveniles using species‐specific microsatellite markers. Screening of wild abalone individuals revealed that the nine loci selected complied with the minimum requirements for parentage analyses: a null allele frequency <5% as well as a high number and frequency of alleles per locus. A total of 598 individuals were genotyped (198 breeding individuals and 400 F1 progeny) from two farms, with parentage results yielding 91% and 90% successful assignment for Farms A and B respectively. This study, therefore, provided the necessary pedigree information required for controlled breeding of individual adult abalone and indicated the usefulness of the panel of microsatellite markers selected for parentage assignment.     

The influence of cyst nematodes and drought on potato growth. 3. Effects on carbon isotope fractionation

A good agreement was found between drought induced water-use efficiencies and carbon isotope fractionation of potato plants of the same age. Discrimination of¹³Carbon isotope increased with plant age and with the rank order of the distinguished plant organs. In young plants, nematode infection (contrary to drought) reduced¹³C discrimination but also reduced the water-use efficiency, leading to the conclusion that nematode infection, by slowing down the plant metabolism may have reduced the extrusion of¹³C. Towards senescence both nematode infection and drought reduced¹³C discrimination and increased water-use efficiencies indicating that then nematode caused water stress in the plants.     

芸薹种作物抽薹相关基因BrFLC1的CAPS标记

以16份芸薹种作物DH系为试材,通过人工春化处理对其抽薹性状进行了鉴定,明确了材料间抽薹早晚存在显著差异;根据BrFLC1基因序列设计引物进行PCR扩增发现,所有16份材料均获得980 bp的片段。多序列比对与抽薹性的关联分析发现,材料的抽薹早晚与扩增片段的碱基变异相关联,并发现关联位点的碱基变异为限制性内切酶Mva I的识别位点;利用该酶对PCR产物酶切可以将材料明显区分开来,从而建立了BrFLC1基因的CAPS标记（命名为G-Mva I）。利用此标记对96份芸薹种作物DH材料的验证表明,该基因的分子标记结果与抽薹时间表型显著相关,用该标记可以进行分子标记辅助选择。     

辣椒C基因全长序列比较分析

辣/甜椒C基因测序比对后证实了甜椒C基因5′端约689 bp的缺失可能是造成其辣味缺失的原因。牛角形甜椒‘0538’的C基因不存在这一缺失, 却在编码区第40位碱基处有一个G到A的突变,可能导致信号肽内第14位疏水性天冬氨酸变为亲水性天冬酰胺, 不能完成辣椒素的合成, 最终辣味缺失。辣/甜椒品种共有长片段Catf2基因, 与C基因在核苷酸序列上有88.9%的相似性。     

大菱鲆(Scophthalmus maximus)四月龄幼鱼雌雄性比及体重差异分析

利用解剖观察和石蜡组织切片法,对37个家系共计4022尾4月龄的大菱鲆幼鱼群体进行雌雄性别的鉴别和统计分析。发现其中雌性1596尾、雄性2426尾,雌雄性比为1:1.52,极显著偏离1:1的理论值(P<0.01)。在家系水平上,37个家系中有19个家系的雌雄性别比例显著偏离1:1 (P<0.05),其余18个家系雌雄性别比例偏离1:1,但不显著(P>0.05),但其中13个家系中雄性个体比例偏高。研究显示,在群体水平上,人工养殖条件下的4月龄大菱鲆已经出现雌雄性比偏离现象。从37个家系中随机选取20个家系(2254尾幼鱼)测量个体体重,利用SPSS 17.0软件进行数据分析。结果显示,4月龄大菱鲆雌雄个体体重无论在群体还是家系水平都表现为差异不显著。此分析结果表明,在大菱鲆选育过程中,在4月龄时进行的以体重为选育指标的选择不会对选育群体的性比偏离造成显著影响。本研究结果为大菱鲆性比偏离机制研究及良种选育工作提供了参考。     

施用污泥对黑麦草生育及其元素含量的影响

将兰州市七里河污水处理厂的生活污泥施用于多年生黑麦草,藉以探讨施用量对黑麦草生长及其元素含量的影响。结果表明,随着污泥施用量(0.5～8kg/m²)的增加,黑麦草盖度,密度,地上、地下生物量以及叶绿素含量显著增加。施用后黑麦草地上部组织中N、P、K、Mg、Fe、Zn和Cu的含量增加,Mn含量减少,Ca和重金属元素Hg、Ni、Pb、As含量与对照间差异不显著,没有对黑麦草造成重金属毒害。     

不同基因型水稻镉积累动态差异分析

探讨镉(Cd)在籽粒Cd积累量差异较大的2个常规籼型水稻品种‘黄华占’（Cd低积累）和IR68144（Cd高积累）各器官中的分布差异和积累动态,分析了在大田栽培条件下2个品种全生育期和生殖生长期各组织器官的Cd积累动态过程。结果表明：成熟期两品种植株的大部分Cd都集中于根系和茎部,IR68144各器官的Cd含量都高于‘黄华占’。在整个生育期中,‘黄华占’根和茎中的Cd含量都呈缓慢上升趋势,IR68144根系Cd含量先上升后下降,最后于灌浆后期快速上升,其茎部Cd含量则先下降后上升;两品种叶片Cd含量在抽穗前变化趋势表现一直,而在抽穗后却截然相反。抽穗后,‘黄华占’剑叶和穗轴Cd含量先持续上升,后于黄熟期有所下降,而IR68144的剑叶和穗轴都呈持续上升趋势,两品种的颖壳和糙米的Cd含量也都整体上升,且同品种的两器官表现趋于一致。籽粒发育过程中,两品种糙米Cd积累量都不断地提高,但它们超过一半的Cd由抽穗后的第21~28天积累完成。     

利用酵母双杂交膜系统筛选与小麦蓝矮植原体免疫膜蛋白互作的异沙叶蝉蛋白

正小麦蓝矮病(Wheat blue dwarf,WBD)是我国西北麦区一种重要植原体病害,在我国西部地区危害严重。该病害由异沙叶蝉(Psammotettix alienus L.)专化性传播,介体传毒成为病害流行的重要中心环节[1]。本实验室前期通过免疫荧光标记研究发现WBD植原体免疫膜蛋白(immunodominant membrane protein, IMP)与介体异沙叶蝉肌动蛋白互作,说明IMP在植原体传播和致病过程中起关键作用。     

Yield estimation of 1-year-old asparagus grown using rootstock-planting forcing culture

Rootstock-planting forcing culture was developed in asparagus to harvest spears even during the seasons when the plants become dormant, but the demand for them high. In this study, cumulative hours during which the air temperature remained lower than 5°C, i.e. chilling hours (CHs), were calculated to determine dormancy breakage for asparagus cultures. We also measured CIELab colour values for cut stems immediately before rootstock digging, and determined whether they could be substituted and/or compensated for CHs while evaluating asparagus plant productivity in different low-temperature backgrounds, and obtained regression equations for yield estimation. Asparagus seedlings were cultivated in seven different regions across Japan and brought to the study site for harvesting. Our regression equation based on CHs and rootstock weight for yield estimation had relatively high fitness (adjusted R² = 0.5795). The colour values of cut stalks at rootstock digging can also be used to evaluate their productivity. These values can be useful in regions where CHs cannot be determined, although their effectiveness was slightly lower than that of CHs of areas adjacent to the study sites.