儿菜生物学特性研究

本文在儿菜栽培及其生长发育与温度观测的基础上, 描述了儿菜的生物学特性, 提出了儿菜通过春化作用的条件,为儿菜的推广工作提供了科学的依据。     

Methionine hydroxy analogue prevents oxidative damage and improves antioxidant status of intestine and hepatopancreas for juvenile Jian carp (Cyprinus carpio var. Jian)

Oxidative damage and antioxidant status of intestine and hepatopancreas for juvenile Jian carp (Cyprinus carpio var. Jian) fed graded levels of methionine hydroxy analogue (MHA: 0, 5.1, 7.6, 10.2, 12.7, 15.3 g kg^?1 diet) for 60 days were studied. Radical scavenging ability, antioxidant enzymes activities such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione‐S‐transferase (GST), glutathione peroxidase (GPX) and glutathione reducase (GR), as well as glutathione (GSH), protein carbonyl (PC) and malondialdehyde (MDA) contents were assayed in these tissues. Results indicated that anti‐superoxide anion capacity in intestine and anti‐hydroxyl radical capacity in hepatopancreas significantly improved with dietary MHA levels up to 7.6 and 10.2 g kg^?1 diet respectively, whereupon they decreased (P < 0.05). SOD, CAT, GST, GPX, GR activities in intestine and hepatopancreas, as well as GSH content in hepatopancreas significantly increased with optimal MHA levels which were in the range of 5.1–10.2 g kg^?1 diet, and thereafter decreased (P < 0.05). Meanwhile, MDA and PC contents in these tissues together with GOT and GPT activities in plasma significantly decreased with optimal MHA levels which were in the range of 5.1–7.6 g kg^?1 diet, and thereafter increased (P < 0.05). These results suggested that MHA improved antioxidant status and depressed lipid and protein oxidation in intestine and hepatopancreas.     

Immunomodulatory effect of Guavarine®, aqueous guava leaf extract,on ornamental Koi carp Cyprinus carpio var. koi L. 1758

The leaves and bark of guava (Psidium guajava) have a long history of medicinal uses. The immunomodulatory effect of Guavarine®, an aqueous guava leaf extract, was investigated on Cyprinus carpio var. koi L. The fish (8.33 ± 1.02 g) were injected with guava leaf extracts (10 or 100 µg/fish) intraperitoneally, and the innate immune parameters were monitored for 28 days. In fish injected with guava leaf extracts, the lymphocyte proliferation, nitric oxide production, and respiratory burst activity increased until the 14th day and decreased thereafter. The results indicated an elevation in the innate immune status of fish, possibly due to the presence of flavonoids in the leaf extracts.     

彭泽鲫雌核发育的细胞学研究

通过对彭泽鲫(♀)×彭泽鲫(♂)的受精细胞学观察,彭泽鲫卵子受精后,具有与两性生殖鱼类相同的精子入卵过程和排出极体,但精子入卵后精核始终不解凝,也不与雌性原核融合。对精母细胞成熟分裂中期染色体观察表明,彭泽鲫精母细胞在进行成熟分裂时未发生同源染色体配对,全部为单价体形式,其精子形成过程中第一次成熟分裂异常;对精子与体细胞DNA含量进行比较,体细胞DNA含量与精子DNA含量比为2.218:1,精子DNA含量发生了减半。以上实验结果说明彭泽鲫为雌核发育鱼类。同时,作者对卵核染色体倍性保持稳定的方式及精卵不同的形成机制进行了初步的分析。     

Effect of dietary riboflavin on growth,feed utilization,body composition and intestinal enzyme activities of juvenile Jian carp (Cyprinus carpio var. Jian)

A total of 1050 Jian carp, Cyprinus carpio var. Jian (23.39 ± 0.06 g) were randomly divided into seven groups of each three replicates, which were fed respectively with seven semi‐purified diets contained 1.25, 2.71, 4.22, 5.78, 7.23, 8.83 and 11.44 mg riboflavin kg^?1 diet for 6 weeks. The results showed that riboflavin significantly improved percent weight gain, specific growth rate, feed efficiency and protein efficiency ratio at the level of 4.22 mg kg^?1 diet. Gross protein retention efficiency and lipid production value improved with increasing dietary riboflavin levels from 1.25 to 5.78 mg kg^?1. Activities of trypsin, lipase, α‐amylase, Na⁺,K⁺‐ATPase and alkaline phosphatase in the intestinal tract were significantly improved with increasing riboflavin levels. Weight and protein content of hepatopancreas, intestine protein and intestine length index were also significantly improved.     

淇河鲫甘露糖受体基因克隆及嗜水气单胞菌感染对其基因表达的影响

为了解淇河鲫甘露糖受体(mannose receptor,MR)的结构特点及其在抗感染免疫反应中的作用,实验通过同源克隆和RACE技术,获得了淇河鲫甘露糖受体(CaMR)全长c DNA,并采用实时荧光定量PCR(qPCR)技术研究了嗜水气单胞菌感染对CaMR组织表达的影响。结果显示,CaMR c DNA全长4473 bp,5′非编码区81 bp,3′非编码区90 bp,编码一个由1433 aa组成的前体蛋白,其中前20 aa为信号肽。CaMR的氨基酸序列和分子结构与其他物种高度相似:胞外一个富含半胱氨酸的结构域(CRD)、一个纤连蛋白II型结构域(FNIID)及8个串连的C型凝集素样结构域(CTLDs),一个跨膜区和一个很短的胞内区。氨基酸同源性和进化分析显示,CaMR与草鱼、团头鲂、斑马鱼等鲤科鱼类的进化关系较近,与草鱼MR的同源性最高(82.4%)。通过qPCR检测到头肾、脾、心脏、肌肉等10种组织中均有表达,其中头肾表达量最高;嗜水气单胞菌感染后,头肾、脾和心脏MR基因的相对表达量均呈先升后降的趋势,而肠道则呈下降趋势,肌肉的表达量变化不显著。本研究为进一步揭示CaMR在免疫反应中的作用机制及其在淇河鲫疾病防治中的应用奠定了基础。     

结球甘蓝一套初级三体的选育及细胞学鉴定

【目的】创建甘蓝初级三体是其基因染色体定位等遗传研究的基础。【方法】以结球甘蓝自交系-9601为试材，采用根尖细胞、花粉母细胞的染色体计数及核型分析等方法，从其三倍体与二倍体的回交子代中分离和鉴定初级三体。【结果】从回交子代中鉴定分离出了多个2n+1和2n+2等非整倍体植株，经核型分析、染色体联会行为及植株外部形态的观察，初步获得了结球甘蓝一套初级三体（Tr-1～Tr-9），其中从2n+1植株中得到了Tr-2、Tr-3、Tr-5、Tr-6、Tr-7、Tr-8和Tr-9初级三体，从2n+2植株中得到了Tr-1和Tr-4初级三体，各初级三体在株高、株型、叶形、花蕾大小和开花期等特征特性上表现出一定差异。【结论】三倍体与二倍体回交分离结球甘蓝初级三体是方便快捷的有效途径。     

四棱豆不同节位叶片及各器官过氧化物酶同工酶的分析

采用聚丙烯胺凝胶电泳法,分析了四棱豆不同节位成熟叶片及各器官的过氧化物酶(POD)同工酶酶谱的酶带数及其相对迁移率(Rf)等特性。结果表明:POD在四棱豆各器官中分布具有明显的特异性,而在不同节位成熟叶片中的分布很稳定。这一特性为作物品种鉴定、选育优势杂交亲本提供科学依据,以及对育种选材具有重要的实践指导意义。     

火灾干扰对松林节肢动物群落的影响

在云南安宁市火烧迹地采用样地调查法初步研究了火干扰对云南松和地盘松林节肢动物群落的影响,共采集节肢动物标本853头,计104种.其中火烧云南松林278头,计48种,未火烧云南松林189头,计55种;火烧地盘松林201头,计26种,未火烧地盘松林185头,计34种.与未火烧对照样地相比,火干扰减少了植食性和捕食性类群的种类与数量,却提高了杂食性类群的种群与数量.火烧样地的物种多样性指数和均匀度指数都小于其对照;而优势度指数则大于其对照,样地间的相似性系数为0.139~0.271,体现了火干扰对整个节肢动物群落产生的负面影响,降低了节肢动物群落的稳定性.     

山银花叶中绿原酸水提工艺研究

目的：研究以水为溶剂提取山银花叶中绿原酸的最佳工艺条件。方法：通过单因素实验研究各因素对绿原酸提取率的影响,应用正交实验优化工艺条件。结果：水提取山银花叶绿原酸最佳工艺条件为：提取温度为100℃,pH值为4,提取时间1h,料液比1:18。结论：在最佳条件下,绿原酸提取率为2.83%。