Intraspecific hybridization in Pinus caribaea var. hondurensis I. Performance for growth and form traits

Inter-provenance hybrids of Pinuscaribaea var. hondurensis wereprogeny tested in Queensland, Australia inorder to assess the feasibility ofincorporating some desirable traits intothe local breeding population, consistinglargely of a single upland provenanceMountain Pine Ridge (MPR). Data onphenotypic traits up to seven years fromplanting revealed that an inter-provenancehybrid, MPR × coastal had greater diameter,straightness and wind-firmness, and fewerramicorns than the MPR control provenance.The data were mostly consistent for twowidely separated sites, and also whenpooled across those sites (p <0.05). In addition, hybrid vigor for treevolume was apparent (p < 0.05).Trees of coastal × Guanaja Island, and purecoastal provenances were as large as thoseof the MPR provenance but had fewerramicorns. Even though the coastal ×Guanaja provenance seemed to produce treesthat were more crooked than the MPRprovenance, there was evidence at leastwithin one site to suggest that the hybridtrees were superior in terms ofwind-firmness (p < 0.01). Breedingfor hybrid vigor and pedigree selection ofthe priority hybrid, MPR × coastal aresuggested as future measures. Pureprovenance populations of coastal andGuanaja island are to be bred as sublinesto the MPR breeding population for futureuse in inter-provenance hybridization andfor gene conservation.     

Identification of commercial chicory cultivars for hydroponic forcing and their phenetic relationships revealed by random amplified polymorphic DNAs and amplified fragment length polymorphisms

One‐hundred and twenty‐four amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) and 49 random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers have been used to distinguish between 20 and 23 commercial chicory cultivars, respectively. These were all Cichorium intybus var. foliosum F₁ hybrids, currently used in hydroponic forcing. Five‐hundred and twenty RAPD primers (OPERON) were tested, of which 156 resulted in reproducible patterns and 26 yielded polymorphisms. Two‐hundred and fifty‐six AFLP primer‐combinations were tested and six combinations were selected for identification purposes. Similarity indices were measured and clustering has been done using pairwise comparison. Both types of marker provide similar conclusions. Two major clusters are formed, representing late and early cultivars. All cultivars were identified using 10 informative RAPD primers or three AFLP primer combinations. A low degree of polymorphism was detected between some early cultivars, suggesting a narrow genetic base in their breeding strategy.     

‘滇重楼’地上茎叶可利用性分析

为了研究‘滇重楼’地上部分的有效利用,在武定、云龙和马关3个‘滇重楼’主产县,从8月到11月逐月采取地上茎叶估测产量,采用气相色谱法测定茎叶中重楼皂苷Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅵ、Ⅶ、PA及H的含量,分析各种成份的变化规律。结果表明地上茎叶干物质产量约900.0 kg/hm2,其总皂苷含量与地下根茎相当,可以入药;地上茎叶总皂苷主要成分是重楼皂苷Ⅱ和重楼皂苷Ⅶ,不含重楼皂苷H和重楼皂苷PA,也与地下根茎皂苷组成相近,可取得同样的药效;地上茎叶入药,新增产值2.7万元/hm2;开花植株地上茎叶皂苷含量比未开花植株高;果皮重楼皂苷的含量较高。‘滇重楼’地上茎叶可入药,可显著提高种植效益,促进产业发展。     

种植密度对2个青稞品种抗倒伏及秸秆饲用特性的影响

种植密度是影响青稞抗倒伏和秸秆饲用特性的重要因子。以抗倒伏品种昆仑14号和倒伏品种门源亮蓝为试验材料,比较研究种植密度对这2个品种生长发育、抗倒伏特性和秸秆饲用特性的影响。结果表明,种植密度对2个品种的抗倒伏和秸秆饲用特性的影响存在差异。随着种植密度的增加,昆仑14号根长、根体积、根数和根干重先增后降,茎粗和壁厚依次下降;门源亮蓝根系和茎秆相关指标则随种植密度增大而下降。昆仑14号抗倒伏相关指标先增后降,但整个生育期未发生倒伏;门源亮蓝各指标均显著降低,诱发倒伏现象提前发生,致使倒伏率增大、倒伏程度加剧。昆仑14号茎秆中性洗涤纤维、酸性洗涤纤维、半纤维素、纤维素和木质素等化学成分含量随密度增加先增后降,门源亮蓝各成分含量呈下降趋势,相对饲喂价值随密度增加呈现增高的趋势。综合抗倒伏特性与秸秆饲用特性,昆仑14号最佳种植密度为375×104株hm^-2,门源亮蓝粮饲兼用时适宜密度为300×104～375×104株hm^-2。     

南方红豆杉生物技术研究进展

南方红豆杉是中国特有珍贵树种,集药用、材用与观赏等多种价值于一体。主要对南方红豆杉组织培养、细胞培养、分子标记与基因工程等生物技术研究方面的现状进行了综述,进一步阐述了南方红豆杉生物技术研究中存在的问题,并提出了应重点开展的研究领域。     

去叶处理对萝卜生长及产量的影响

在萝卜生长早期进行去叶处理,研究对中后期生长及产量的影响。结果显示,去叶后,净同化率明显下降,根冠比下降,比叶重降低,根、叶相对生长率降低,经济系数也有一定程度的下降,另外根直径与长度之比指标显示,肉质根膨大受到明显抑制而变小,始终不能恢复到对照水平,从肉质根减产百分率看各处理与对照相比减产非常明显。试验结果证实萝卜早期去叶对植株生长及产量形成有重要影响。     

遮阴对珠子参生长发育及光合生理特性的影响

为探明遮阴对珠子参生长发育和光合生理特性的影响,对盆栽珠子参分别采取全光照、30%遮阴和50%遮阴3种处理。在珠子参生长90天后,考察各处理下珠子参植物学性状、生理指标和光合特性。结果表明,与全光照相比,30%遮阴处理下珠子参株高、主茎粗、果实数、根茎直径、叶绿素含量、SOD和POD活性增加,地下根茎节间长度和叶MDA含量减小。遮阴处理后珠子参净光合速率(Pn)、气孔导度(Gs)和蒸腾速率(Tr)低于全光照处理,胞间CO2浓度(Ci)则高于全光照处理。遮阴有效地缓解了珠子参的“午休”并降低了光抑制,其中,30%遮阴处理效果最显著,为珠子参的生长提供了较为适宜的环境。     

超声波辅助提取干辣椒辣椒素工艺技术研究

旨在优选超声波辅助提取干辣椒中辣椒素工艺。以辣椒素得率为考察指标,通过单因素实验初步确定乙醇浓度、提取温度、提取时间和料液比的较优范围,然后通过正交实验以及最佳方案验证性实验,优化筛选了超声波辅助乙醇溶剂提取辣椒素工艺技术。结果表明,超声波辅助提取辣椒素的过程中,各因素对辣椒素得率影响的主次顺序为乙醇浓度＞料液比＞提取时间＞提取温度,最优工艺技术为乙醇浓度95%、提取温度60℃、提取时间45 min、料液比1:35,在该工艺条件下,辣椒素得率为0.87%,显著高于水浴浸提法提取得率0.43%,且验证性实验显示标准差为0.04%,相对偏差0.04%,说明实验重复性、稳定性好。     

Alteration in important quality traits and antioxidant activities in Brassica oleracea with Ogura cybrid cytoplasm

In vegetable brassicas, cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) system is the most preferred mechanism for hybrid seed production and Ogura cybrid cytoplasm is the only source used widely. Effects of the alien cybrid cytoplasm on important quality traits need to be understood for their effective use in breeding programme. In analysing 38 Ogura cybrid cytoplasm‐based cauliflower CMS lines, it was revealed that introgression of Ogura cytoplasm resulted in significant alteration in important quality traits. Cupric reducing antioxidant activity and ferric reducing ability of plasma values were increased up to 5–10 times in different genotypes. Among 38 analysed CMS lines, concentration of plant pigments such as anthocyanin, total chlorophylls and ascorbic acid was reduced in 21, 17 and 32 genotypes, respectively. However, the concentration of total carotenoids and β‐carotene was elevated in most of the CMS lines and total carotenoid was increased up to 20 times in the CMS line, Ogu13‐85‐2A. The results indicate the role of nuclear–cytoplasmic interaction and mitochondrial genome in determining concentration of different quality traits.     

不同光照时间对毛红椿种子活力的影响

研究了不同光照时间对不同家系毛红椿种子活力特性的影响.结果表明:全黑暗、全光照条件下均会抑制种子活力;光照16h条件下毛红椿种子发芽率、发芽势、活力指数、苗高显著高于其它光照处理;宣恩5号、宣恩4号、宣恩6号3个家系种子发芽率高于其它家系;宣恩4号家系种子发芽势最高,出苗最整齐;建始家系幼苗生长最快,苗高最高.宣恩1号种子发芽率、发芽势、活力指数最低.