茶树二氢黄酮醇4-还原酶基因的克隆、表达及功能分析

茶树二氢黄酮醇4-还原酶(dihydroflavonol 4-reductase,DFR)是儿茶素合成途径中的关键酶。本研究采用RT-PCR技术,获得了茶树二氢黄酮醇4-还原酶基因(CsDFR)的开放阅读框,它编码含347个氨基酸的蛋白质,推测分子量为38.69 kD,等电点为6.02。成功地将该基因重组到表达载体SUMO上,并在大肠杆菌BL21中进行原核表达;优化了原核表达中诱导时间、诱导温度、IPTG浓度;纯化出目的蛋白。利用HPLC-MS方法对重组蛋白进行了体外酶活检测,结果表明目的蛋白具有DFR酶活性,可催化DHQ和DHM的还原反应。     

Rubisco small subunits of C4 plants,Napier grass and guinea grass confer C4-like catalytic properties on Rubisco in rice

ABSTRACT

Overexpression of Rubisco small subunit (RbcS) of C₄ plant, sorghum (sorghum bicolor) was shown to enhance the catalytic turnover rate (k _cat) of Rubisco in rice (Oryza sativa). In this study, the effects of other Rubisco small subunits of C₄ plants, Napier grass (Pennisetum purpureum) and guinea grass (Megathyrsus maximus) on kinetic properties of Rubisco in rice were studied. The expression levels of Napier grass RbcS (NgRbcS) and guinea grass RbcS (GgRbcS) proteins accounted for 41% and 45% of total RbcS, respectively in homozygous overexpression lines. The k _cat and K _m for CO₂ (Kc) of Rubisco were increased in all transgenic lines. Interestingly, the k _cat was markedly higher in NgRbcS homozygous line, whereas K _c was notably higher in GgRbcS homozygous line. Although its effects depend on species, these results suggest that the introduction of C₄ RbcS are effective approaches to alter the catalytic properties of Rubisco in rice.     

Ultrastructure of Fusion Product between Protoplasts from C3 and C4 Species of Amaranthaceae

Summary

This paper describes the ultrastructure of the electric field-induced fusion products of C₃ and C₄ species of Amaranthaceae at the early developmental stage. Protoplasts of C₃ species were isolated from a Ceiosia cristata L. cell suspension and, those of C₄ species were isolated from an Amaranthus tricolor L. cotyledon. Incompatibility occurred in the C₃/C₄ hybrid. The incompatibility reactions were detected in the newly formed hybrid cells accompanied with significant changes in the nucleolus (segregation of nucleolar components) and plastids (cup-like shape or amoeboid plastid enclosing cytoplasmic materials) of C₃ species parent. The structural changes in the organelles of the C₄ partner were less marked. After 5 days of culture, most organelles showed high cellular activity, and a normal dedifferentiation process of mesophyll chloroplasts was observed. At this stage nucleolar segregation was not detected and the C₃ species plastids were difficult to distinguish from the proplastids formed from mesophyll chloroplasts. In addition, some mitochondria showed bursting-like structure. However, under the culture condition used these somatic incompatibility did not seem to impair further growth of fusion products since they were still proliferating well resulting in callus formation.     

增温补光育苗对浓香型烤烟大田生长和理化指标的影响

研究了苗期不同光温条件下培育的烟苗移栽到大田后,其生育期、生长速率、理化指标及其产量的变化。结果表明,烤房人工光源育苗、大棚恒温补光育苗、大棚恒温育苗移栽大田后,其生育期、生长速率和成熟期的农艺性状均优于大棚常规育苗,其中有效叶数和茎高的差异均达到极显著水平;初烤烟叶的宽长比、单叶重、厚度、干物质重和单位面积质量等物理指标均极显著优于对照;但烤房人工光源育苗和大棚恒温补光育苗处理的初烤烟叶总糖及还原糖极显著低于对照和其余处理;主要经济性状表现为烤房人工光源育苗〉大棚恒温补光育苗〉大棚恒温育苗〉大棚常规育苗。因此,苗期采用增温补光处理不仅可显著改善烟苗素质,而且对烤烟大田生育期的烟叶理化指标和产量有显著影响。     

密集烘烤稳温时间和湿度组合对烟叶品质及能耗的影响

采用气流上升式密集烤房,研究了密集烘烤关键温度点不同稳温时间和湿度对烟叶外观质量、物理性状、化学成分和经济效℃的影响,并对不同处理能耗进行比较。试验结果表明,38℃（36±0.5℃）时稳温18 h;42℃（37±0.5℃）时稳温16 h;45或47℃（38±0.5℃）稳温12 h;54℃（39±0.5℃）稳温12 h,有利于降低烘烤能耗,提高烟叶品质。     

邵阳市植烟土壤速效钾含量分布特征研究

为了解邵阳市植烟土壤速效钾含量分布状况,测试了邵阳市1790个土壤样本的速效钾含量,采用经典统计学和地统计学方法分析了邵阳市植烟土壤速效钾含量及在县域、空间、pH组、有机质组的分布。结果表明：①邵阳市植烟土壤速效钾含量总体上处于偏低水平,平均值为113.75 mg/kg,变异系数为50.40%,处于适宜范围内的样本占12.01%;于邵阳县和新宁县植烟土壤速效钾含量极显著高于隆回县;③植烟土壤速效钾含量总体上呈斑块状分布态势,以植烟土壤速效钾含量100.00~130.00 mg/kg为主要分布面积;榆不同pH组的植烟土壤速效钾含量差异不显著;虞植烟土壤有机质含量在35 g/kg以下时,土壤速效钾含量有随有机质增加而增加的趋势;植烟土壤有机质含量在35 g/kg以上时,土壤速效钾含量有随有机质增加而减少的趋势。     

烤烟新品种（系）在邵阳地区的适应性研究

于2012在湖南隆回对HY-1-X、0508、CZ-43、HZ07-5-1、03-15-5、03-4-3、MS101＊GK8、K326（对照）等烤烟品种（系）进行了比较试验。结果表明：所有供试烤烟品种（系）中,以CZ-43的综合性状表现最好,其产量、产值、均价、上等烟比例、上中等烟比例均较对照品种K326高。CZ-43适合在邵阳地区推广应用。     

平安县草地生态环境现状及治理对策

通过对草地生态环境现状及草地生产能力的调查分析,盲目开垦、超载过牧、鼠虫危害等是造成草地生态环境恶化的主要原因,加大监管和调控力度,明确草地使用、管理和保护权限,以草定畜,合理利用,使草地的开发利用和改良建设同步进行,为草地畜牧业健康、稳定发展提供基础保障,确保草地生态环境进入良性循环。     

禾草内生固氮菌的研究现状及应用前景

植物内生固氮菌是一类重要的固氮微生物资源,其潜在的可开发利用价值越来越受重视。本文综述了禾草内生固氮菌的研究动态、种质资源多样性、侵染途径、定殖方式、作用机理及发展前景,以期为内生固氮菌的进一步开发探究提供参考。     

A comparative histochemical study of plant polyphenols in southern African grasses

Recent anatomical studies have shown that tannin‐like substances (TLS) occur in the epidermal cells of a number of southern African tropical grasses, and the presence of condensed tannins in grasses has been confirmed by chemical analyses. A number of species from four of the five subfamilies of the Poaceae were compared for their responses to a range of histochemical tests which differ in their specificity for phenolic compounds. These included: ferrous sulphate, acidified vanillin, diazotized sulphanilic acid, Fast Blue‐BB, dimethoxybenzaldehyde and nitrous acid, Safranin and Fast Green. In addition, the radial diffusion test for protein precipitation was used. Comparative histochemical tests indicated that most taxa known to contain TLS showed comparable responses to the tests used here, with variations in intensity and hue of the coloured products formed. These qualitative differences suggest the presence of a number of different compounds including oligomeric procyanidins, oligomeric prodelphinidins, monomeric and/or dimeric flavan‐3‐ols and flavan‐3,4‐diols. The presence flavan‐4‐ols has been confirmed in the andropogonoid grasses by previous workers. Histochemical tests are adequate to identify the presence of condensed tannins and their precursors in plant tissue. However, they do not provide a means to identify those compounds which precipitate protein and function as digestibility‐reducing compounds in plant‐herbivore interactions.