低温胁迫下Ca2＋-CaM信使系统对三尖杉幼苗保护酶活性的影响

用一定浓度的CaCl2、LaCl3、EGTA、CPZ等4种效应剂根施三尖杉1年生幼苗,在25℃下预处理10d后,移入-3℃下进行低温胁迫处理,分别在胁迫后24、48、72、96h时测定过氧化氢酶（CAT）、过氧化物酶（POD）和超氧化酶（SOD）等3种保护酶的活性。结果表明：根施外源CaCl2结合低温处理可增强三尖杉幼苗3种保护酶的活性,缓解低温处理过程中保护酶活性的下降;但三尖杉幼苗内源保护酶活性可被EGTA、LaCl3以及CPZ等3种效应剂抑制。说明三尖杉幼苗抗冻性的形成受Ca2＋-CaM信号传导途径的调控。     

太湖地区稻田不同氮肥管理模式下氨挥发特征研究

以减少氨挥发带来的面源污染问题为目的,通过调整氮肥管理模式, 设置农户常规施肥处理、化肥减量施肥处理、缓控释肥处理、有机无机肥配施处理、按需施肥处理以及无氮处理6个管理模式试验,研究太湖地区施氮量与氮肥品种对氨挥发损失的影响。结果表明：氨挥发损失受施氮量的显著影响,施氮量减少22%~44%可降低氨挥发损失20.2%~35.3%。常规化肥处理下,基肥期与分蘖肥期氨挥发损失较为严重。同一施氮水平下,有机肥化肥配施可显著降低氨挥发;缓控释肥可明显减少基肥期氨挥发量,但后期效果不明显。氮肥用量由当前农户施氮水平减少22%时,不会对作物氮累积量与产量造成影响,可见适当降低施氮水平并搭配有机肥,是具产量可持续性及环境友好性的氮肥管理模式。     

水稻OsGL1-2基因反义表达载体的构建

应用聚合酶链式反应技术（PCR）扩增水稻OsGL1-2基因反义片段及基因自身的启动子,并分别克隆到pUC19克隆载体上,得到含有OsGL1-2启动子＋OsGL1-2反义片段的中间载体.对重组子进行PCR检测和酶切分析并测序,结果表明,长度分别为417和2 199bp.将OsGL1-2启动子＋OsGL1-2反义片段克隆到植物表达载体pCambia1380多克隆位点,构建了该基因的植物反义表达栽体pCamGL1-2.     

不同时期施用生物炭对稻田N_2O和CH_4排放的影响

通过分别在水稻季(R)和小麦季(W)设置对照(RB0-N0、WB0-N0)、单施氮肥(RB0-N1、WB0-N1)、20 t hm-2生物炭与氮配施(RB1-N1、WB1-N1)、40 t hm-2生物炭与氮配施(RB2-N1、WB2-N1)等8个处理,研究稻麦轮作周年系统N2O和CH4排放规律及其引起的综合温室效应(Global warming potential,GWP)和温室气体强度(Greenhouse gas intensity,GHGI)特征。结果表明:稻季配施20 t hm-2生物炭对N2O和CH4的排放、作物产量及GWP和GHGI均都无明显影响;稻季配施40 t hm-2生物炭能显著降低8.6%的CH4的排放和9.3%的GWP,显著增加作物产量17.2%。麦季配施20 t hm-2生物炭虽然对温室气体及GWP影响不明显,但显著增加21.6%的作物产量,从而显著降低21.7%的GHGI;麦季配施40 t hm-2生物炭能显著降低20.9%和11.3%的N2O和CH4排放,显著降低15.7%和23.5%的GWP和GHGI。因此麦季配施生物炭对减少N2O和CH4的排放、增加稻麦轮作产量及降低GWP和GHGI的效果较稻季配施生物炭效果更好。     

利用RT-PCR对黄瓜病毒病毒原种类进行检测

根据黄瓜花叶病毒(CMV)的复制酶序列和西瓜花叶病毒2号(WMV-2)、烟草花叶病毒(TMV)、黄瓜绿斑花叶病毒(CGMMV)的外壳蛋白基因序列以及南瓜花叶病毒(SQMV)的运动蛋白序列设计、合成引物,以感病组织和健康组织总RNA为模板,进行cDNA合成和PCR扩增。对2002～2003年采集的98份黄瓜病毒病样本进行了检测,结果表明,天津地区黄瓜主要毒原种类有CMV,WMV-2和TMV,感染率分别为样本数的96．94％,77．55％和38．67％,CMV和WMV-2 2种病毒的复合感染率为76．53％,3种病毒的复合感染率达到14．67％。     

基于LISS4数据的小麦氮素营养状况反演研究

利用LISS4卫星遥感数据在小麦氮素营养状况监测方面进行了初步研究。根据搭载多光谱传感器LISS4的IRS-P6的过境周期,2006年5月3日在江苏省盐城地区进行同步地面取样测试,通过分析试验点小麦LISS4影像光谱信息与小麦叶面积指数及叶片氮含量的相关关系,发现小麦叶面积指数和叶片氮含量与LISS4影像三个波段反射率及植被指数RVI、NDVI、GNDVI均密切相关,表明利用LISS4遥感影像监测小麦氮素营养状况是可行的。比较不同波段原始反射率和植被指数,在本研究中LISS4影像波段4反射率与小麦氮素营养状况相关最密切。检验结果也表明利用LISS4影像波段4反射率估测小麦氮素营养状况是可行的。研究成果为利用遥感技术大面积监测小麦氮素营养状况和实施精确栽培管理提供了理论依据。     

利用硫酸铜液诊断母牛早期妊娠技术初探

采用3%和5%硫酸铜液对57头黑白花母牛进行早期妊娠诊断,然后通过直肠检查技术进行确诊。结果表明,3%硫酸铜液乳检的总阳性率为87.14%,5%硫酸铜液乳检的总阳性率为84.80%,两组均以配种后31~50d中午乳样检出准确率最高,平均阳性率为90.35%。5%硫酸铜液乳检的阳性符合率较3%硫酸铜液稍低,即造成误诊空怀率稍高,实际应用中以3%硫酸铜液进行母牛早期妊娠诊断,其准确率较高。     

Chinese urban migrants' sense of place: Emotional attachment,identity formation,and place dependence in the city and community of Guangzhou

In this paper, we study urban migrants' sense of place in Guangzhou, China, focusing on the structural relations between place attachment, identification and dependence as the three key place dimensions. Through both quantitative structural equation modelling and qualitative analysis of in‐depth interviews data, our research suggests that migrants' sense of place demonstrates complex relationships between the three registers of emotional attachment, identity formation and functional dependence. The construction of sense of place is also related to the personal experiences of living as urban ‘outsiders’. Our research also reveals a striking difference between the city and community levels in terms of the ways in which migrants' sense of place is constructed. Urban migrants tend to exploit the functional utilities of microscopic urban spaces to meet their demands for recreation, education and socialisation. On the other hand, their sense of place to the city is largely compromised by their attachment to the hometown and conditioned by their personal identification to the city.     

外源C_4作物DNA导入小麦的研究

利用小麦自交后的花粉管通道,将C_4作物玉米或高粱的DNA导入小麦的种胚细胞,结果受体后代发生了广泛的变异,而且受体不同,所发生的变异不同。甘麦8号受体后代植株变矮,结实率低,分蘖多至5个,少至完全不分蘖;8347—2-4和8013—3品系后代中出现不育株;6873—20—3品系受体后代的籽粒由红色转变为白色而且稳定遗传;蓝粒麦受体后     

Preparation of liquid polyesterpolyols from glucose and its methyl derivative

Preparation of liquid polyols from d-(+)-glucose (Glc) and its derivative, methyl--d-glucoside (m-Glc), has been studied. Direct reaction of -caprolactone (CL) with Glc (CL:Glc = 2:1–5:1 in weight ratio) at 150°C using tin(II) 2-ethyl hexanoate (SnEht₂) (series A), in which melted Glc was suspended in CL, resulted in a dark-brown coloration of the reactants. The reaction was accompanied by formation of high molecular weight resins, a pH drop, production of water, and a considerable decrease in the hydroxyl value from the theoretically expected one. In the case of Glc/ethylene glycol (EG)/CL reaction system with SnEht₂ catalyst at 150°C (series B), in which the weight ratio of Glc to EG was fixed at 1:1, Glc dissolved in the EG/CL mixture, but the brown coloration of the reactant mixture still occurred. In this case, the formation of water was enhanced, but the other effects found in series A were suppressed to a considerable extent. In the m-Glc/CL/SnEht₂ reaction system (series C), in which m-Glc reacted with two to five times weight amounts of CL under the same conditions adopted in series A, development of the color, the production of high molecular weight materials and water, and the changes in pH and hydroxyl value were not observed. These results are discussed based on the chemical structural differences: Glc exists mostly in the hemiacetal form, but tautomerizes to the aldehyde, whereas m-Glc is an acetal and is protected from reversion to the aldehyde.