灵石县繁茂种养殖场规划设计

介绍了灵石县的自然条件现状,总结了繁茂种养殖场的规划设计依据、设计目标、指导思想、总体规划布局。在规划设计中,笔者以环境为出发点,着眼于总体和谐关系,从"以人为本"的角度出发,对住宅、道路、养殖场、植物等进行了具体的布局,并注意了与周边环境的协调,以期为灵石县繁茂种养殖场的规划设计提供参考。     

阴山山脉乌拉山国家森林公园大型真菌调查研究（英文）

[目的]填充乌拉山一带菌物调查的空白。[方法]2009~2012年在乌拉山国家森林公园采集标本180余号,对乌拉山国家森林公园大型真菌物种多样性进行初步调查。[结果]根据Hawksworth等的分类系统,参考《中国大型真菌》,并按《菌物辞典》第八版的系统,编写乌拉山国家森林公园大型真菌物种多样性目录乌拉山国家森林公园大型真菌物种包括担子菌2纲5目22科43属80种,子囊菌2纲2目2科2属6种,共86种,其中有食用菌49种,药用真菌22种,食用兼药用的真菌18种,毒菌7种,木腐菌有32种,菌根菌有5种,内蒙古地区新记录种3种。[结论]尚有部分标本因文献资料缺乏未能确定分类地位,有待进一步研究补充。     

新发林麝环状类病毒的鉴定和分析

利用病毒宏基因组学(viral metagenomics)方法,本研究从95份林麝粪便样品中检测到1株新型圆环病毒样(Circovirus-like)病毒,经过拼接获得其全基因组序列,该毒株命名为ls-cyc.其基因组全长约3552 nt,GC含量39.00％,含有2个开放阅读框(ORF),即ORF1和ORF2.其中O...     

学习借鉴日本经验 促进林业改革发展

2012年11月,“民有林与培训管理”赴日研修团到日本进行了培训。日本根据本国经济发展情况,及时调整林业建设方针。对民有林,扶持和组建森林组合,形成规模效应,增加经济效益。全国形成了比较健全的森林经营体系,实现了良性循环,为经济发展和人民生活创造了优美的生态环境。对国有林,逐年精简机构和人员,以中央政府投资作保证,收购生态区位重要的民有林,充分发挥国有林生态保障的主渠道作用。日本有比较健全的林业科研和技术推广体系,有比较科学的干部培训制度,为林业健康快速发展奠定了基础。这些经验都值得我们学习和借鉴。     

浅议青海省森林病虫害发生特点及可持续控制对策

随着市场经济的不断发展,我国林业发展的速度和空间也在不断的加大,在促进国民经济发展的过程中发挥了重要的推动作用。然而,随着我国林业资源的不断增加,病虫害也随之增多,成为了破坏森林资源和生态环境的首要因素,每年由于病虫害所带来的经济损失也逐年增加,甚至达到数十亿元,因此,对森林病虫害的有效控制是当前林业发展中的一项重要工作。本文主要针对我省森林病虫害发生的特点以及可持续控制对策进行简单的分析。     

国家森林公园发展塞罕坝生态旅游的优势与前景预测

本文分析了塞罕坝开展生态旅游的旅游优势、自然景观优势、人文景观优势、生物景观优势,并对生态旅游前景预测,旨在为国内森林公园的生态旅游资源开发提供借鉴。     

Improvement of paddy field drainage for mechanization

In Japan, land consolidation and drainage improvement for farm mechanization in paddy fields began during the 1960 s. It was not easy to use big machines in the muddy conditions caused by the clayey soil and heavy rainfall during the harvesting period. A number of investigations were carried out by many researchers, and factors relating to drainage were clarified. Not only surface drainage but also underdrainage was planned. However, drainage was not always sufficient, because the clayey surface soil was impermeable to ponding water. It became clear that underdrainage for a clayey paddy field for the harvest is quite different from underdrainage for an ordinary field. Field and soil characteristics, as well as water conditions, should be examined carefully before planning drainage improvement for farm mechanization.Dr. Toshio Tabuchi is an honorable member of the Japanese Society of Irrigation, Drainage and Reclamation Engineering (JSIDRE), a former Professor of the University of Tokyo, and a former President of JSIDRE     

农业技术和气候变化对农作物产量和蒸散量的影响

随着农业生产条件的改善、品种改进和有利的气象条件的变化, 世界各地的作物产量得到大幅度提高, 但作物的蒸散量却未出现大幅度提高。本文以石家庄气象站1955~2007 年的气象资料为基础, 分析了河北省冬小麦和夏玉米生长期间主要气象因素变化, 结合中国科学院栾城农业生态系统试验站长期定位灌溉试验的研究结果, 分析了农业生产条件和气象因子变化对冬小麦和夏玉米产量及耗水量的影响。结果表明,1955~2007 年冬小麦和夏玉米生长季的气象因子发生了变化, 日照时数、相对湿度、风速、气温日较差显著降低, 最低气温、平均气温和积温显著升高, 气象因子的变化对作物总蒸散量未产生明显影响, 但由于降水减少,作物生长期间的灌溉需水量呈增加趋势。长期灌溉试验结果表明, 随着农业生产条件的变化和品种的改良, 冬小麦和夏玉米的产量不断增加, 而耗水量的增加幅度小于产量增加幅度, 夏玉米的耗水量呈稳定状态。节水技术的推广和应用对维持耗水量稳定起着非常关键的作用。     

Species richness of ectomycorrhizal hyphal necromass increases soil CO2 efflux under laboratory conditions

The ectomycorrhizal mycelium is a large component of boreal and temperate forest soil microbial biomass and the resulting necromass is likely to be an important source of nutrients for saprotrophic microorganisms. Here we test the effects of species richness of ectomycorrhizal mycelial biomass on short-term CO₂ efflux by amending forest soil with necromass from 8 fungal species added separately and in mixtures of 2, 4 and 8 species. All additions of necromass rapidly increased soil CO₂ efflux compared to unamended controls but CO₂ efflux increased significantly with species richness. Efflux of CO₂ did not correlate with the carbon (C) or nitrogen (N) contents or the C:N ratio of the added necromass. The study demonstrates that species diversity of dead ectomycorrhizal fungal hyphae can have important consequences for soil CO₂ efflux, and suggests decomposition of hyphae is regulated by specific constituents of the nutrient pools in the necromass rather than the total quantities added.     

Long term impact of mineral amendment on the distribution of the mineral weathering associated bacterial communities from the beech Scleroderma citrinum ectomycorrhizosphere

Liming is a known forest management procedure used to amend nutrient-poor soils such as soils of acidic forests to rectify cation deficiencies and to restore soil pH. However, although this procedure is well known for its beneficial effect on the forest trees, its relative impact on the functional and taxonomic diversity of the soil bacterial communities has been poorly investigated. In this study, we characterized the ability of the soil bacteria to weather soil minerals and to hydrolyze chitin. A collection of 80 bacterial strains was isolated from the Scleroderma citrinum ectomycorrhizosphere and the adjacent bulk soil in two stands of mature beeches (Fagus sylvatica) developed on very acidic soil and presenting two levels of calcium (Ca) availability: a control plot as well as a plot amended with Ca in 1973. All the bacterial isolates were identified by partial 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis as members of the genera Burkholderia, Bacillus, Dyella, Kitasatospora, Micrococcus, Paenibacillus, Pseudomonas, and Rhodanobacter. Using a microplate assay for quantifying the production of protons and the quantity of iron released from biotite, we demonstrated that the bacterial strains from the amended plot harbored a significant higher mineral weathering potential that the ones isolated from the control plot. Notably, the weathering efficacy of the ectomycorrhizosphere bacterial isolates was significantly greater than that of the bulk soil isolates in the control treatment but not in the amended plot. These data reveal that forest management, here mineral amendment, can strongly affect the structure of bacterial communities even over the long term.