2 个品系木奶果幼苗叶绿素荧光参数日变化分析

为了给木奶果Baccaurea ramiflora幼苗的遮阴养护提供基础支撑,以木奶果红皮和黄皮2个品系的盆栽幼苗作为试验材料,置于室外和室内2种条件下,测定其叶绿素荧光参数的日变化,分析木奶果幼苗的光适应性。2个品系的最大光化学效率(Fv/Fm)、PS Ⅱ实际光合效率(Yield)和稳态光化学淬灭系数(qP)的日变化趋势基本一致,表现为在中午光照强度较高时数值较低,在早上和傍晚光照强度较低时数值较高;电子相对传递效率(ETR)和非光化学淬灭系数(NPQ)表现为在中午光照强度较高时数值较高,在早上和傍晚光照强度较低时数值较低。在不同条件下黄皮品系的各项参数比红皮更优,其光能利用率更高、热耗散更少和电子传递能力更强,对环境的适应能力更强。     

Responses of Pinus massoniana and Pinus taeda to freezing in temperate forests in central China

Abstract

Masson pine (Pinus massoniana Lamb.), a native species widely distributed in temperate forests in central China, and Loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.), an exotic tree species introduced to China from southeastern United States, are dominant evergreen conifers that play a pivotal role in maintaining forest structure and functions for the region. We examined the effects of freezing on these species with chlorophyll fluorescence and electrolyte leakage using both field- and laboratory-based experiments in September 2009 and January 2010, respectively. We found that freezing could cause a greater impact on the Loblolly pine than the Masson pine. Although the two species showed similar values of F _v /F _m and electrolyte leakage before freezing, the Masson pine needles showed lower F _v /F _m and higher electrolyte leakage ratios than those of the Loblolly pine when treated in low temperatures (?15 to 0°C). We also found that cold-acclimation was crucial for both species to adapt to low temperatures with the F _v /F _m ratio decreased approximately by 80% in the first freezing hour for the non-acclimated needles of both species while the cold-acclimated needles showed little changes in the F _v /F _m ratio. This finding is also supported by our measurements of electrolyte leakage. These results suggest that the Loblolly pine could be more susceptible to freezing damages than the Masson pine in central China.     

N-(2-亚甲基吡啶)脱氢枞胺希夫碱及其铜配合物与牛血清白蛋白的作用研究

运用紫外光谱、荧光光谱和圆二色谱研究了具有抗癌活性的N-(2-亚甲基吡啶)脱氢枞胺希夫碱(L)及其铜配合物[Cu(L)2Br]Br(1)在模拟生理条件(p H值7.2)下与牛血清白蛋白(BSA)的相互作用,分析了它们之间相互作用的机制。结果表明,1对BSA的荧光猝灭方式为静态猝灭,L为动态猝灭;通过计算得到了不同温度下的结合常数(Ka)、结合位点数(n)及相关的热力学参数(ΔG0、ΔH0和ΔS0),表明L和1与BSA的相互作用力以疏水作用为主,且结合反应是由焓和熵驱动的自发过程。同步荧光光谱分析表明,化合物与BSA的作用使蛋白质的构象发生改变,圆二色谱也证明了化合物能够显著改变BSA的构象,由典型的α-螺旋结构变为扭曲链。     

Effects of pre- and post-planting shading on growth of container Norway spruce seedlings

Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) is shade-tolerant and sensitive to high irradiance, summer frosts and winter desiccation, which can impair its reforestation success. In this study, artificial pre- and post-planting shading was examined to determine their effects on post-planting shoot and root growth as well as the vigor of one- and two-year-old Norway spruce seedlings. Three planting experiments were carried out on open nursery fields (Exp. 1, 2) and on a mounded forest clearcut in central Finland (Exp. 3). Before planting, the seedlings were stored over winter either in a freezer or on open fields under snow cover. For two weeks prior to planting, half of the seedlings were placed in the open and the other half under a horizontal shade netting (light transmittance 56 %) (Exp. 1, 2). All seedlings were planted with or without a vertical post-planting shade, which was located on the southern side. Post-planting shading enhanced shoot growth and reduced damage (better visual vigor and needle color and less pine-weevil damage) on Norway spruce seedlings for at least two years after planting (Exp. 2, 3). Those seedlings, that had been stored over winter in the open and kept in shade prior to planting seemed to benefit most from post-planting shading (Exp. 2). However, post-planting shading may give variable results, depending on the seedling quality and weather conditions after planting, and may even reduce shoot growth if no pre-planting shading is used (Exp. 1). Shoot growth may also be improved at the expense of root growth (Exp. 3). The costs of manufacturing and installing post-planting shades may limit their use in practice, for example, to selected regeneration sites where there is high risk of frost damage but where no alternative silvicultural procedure (shelterwood or nurse crop) has been used.     

原木截面形状扫描参数的计算

利用激光扫描技术得到原木截面的基本参数,通过计算得到比较精确的原木截面形状,在整根原木上进行周期扫描从而得到整根原木的形状参数。     

Active X控件实现工程索道线路计算程序中数据的输入输出

线路计算是工程索道设计中计算量最大的内容。本文利用Visual C＋＋6．0的Active X控件，结合单索循环式工程索道线路计算的编程，介绍如何实现程序中数据的输入输出。     

胡杨多形叶气孔特征及光合特性的比较

为揭示多形叶发育的生态适应机制,选择锯齿卵圆形、卵圆形和披针形3种典型成年胡杨叶片进行气孔及光合特性方面的研究.观察到,胡杨叶片近轴面与远轴面的气孔密度相近,气孔为非均匀开闭;3种形态叶的气孔密度不同,锯齿卵圆形的最大,披针形的最小.气孔下陷程度存在显著差异,锯齿卵圆形叶气孔下陷较深,披针形的最浅.它们的光合速率日变化规律基本一致,呈单峰曲线.光合速率日平均值存在较大差异,卵圆形叶和锯齿卵圆形叶的光合速率日平均值明显高于披针形叶.3种形态叶的光补偿点相近,但饱和点存在差异;叶片的PSⅡ原初光能转换效率以及PSⅡ潜在活性也存在明显差异,其中锯齿卵圆形叶的最高.结果表明,胡杨叶片在发育过程中从形态、解剖和光合特性上均发生了变异.     

Growth,chlorophyll fluorescence and biochemical markers in clonal ramets of shisham (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Dalbergia sissoo</Emphasis> Roxb.) at nursery stage

About 19 clones of shisham (Dalbergia sissoo Roxb.) were raised by using healthy coppice shoot cuttings. After 2 year of establishment and growth, they were examined to identify suitable clone of shisham at nursery stage. Clones were studied for growth (height and basal diameter), chlorophyll fluorescence (Fv/Fm) and biochemical contents (chlorophyll a, b, total chlorophyll, free amino acids, total soluble proteins, total soluble sugars, starch and reducing sugar) in the leaves. Clone C2 and C3 (Gonda, Uttar Pradesh, India) had the highest growth and the chlorophyll fluorescence rate among examined clones. Between these two clones, C2 gave the highest response on height, basal diameter and Fv/Fm. Except free amino acids, all other biochemical contents were greater in the clones belonging to Gonda, Uttar Pradesh, India. Growth parameters, i.e. height and basal diameter increment at nursery stage had a positive correlation with all the studied parameters, except free amino acid and total soluble protein. These findings have demonstrated that there are remarkable clonal variations in growth, physiological and biochemical responses at nursery stage. Thus, physiological and biochemical markers can enhance selection efficiency, in addition to growth characteristics such as height and basal diameter as these have practical value in the tree improvement. The study suggests that clones of Gonda, Uttar Pradesh, India had the best performance and could be further tested in plantation programs.     

不同产地刺猬紫檀木射线组织比较解剖研究

以产自非洲国家的刺猬紫檀 (Pterocarpus erinaceus ) 木材为样品,测定分析木射线宽度与高度 的尺寸、细胞数目,木射线比率。结果表明：轴向薄壁组织带中的射线宽度尺寸均大于木纤维带中的射 线宽度尺寸。木射线的细胞数目及木射线比率则差异性小。从木射线组织解剖结果看,采自西非7 个国 家的刺猬紫檀应该同属一个木种。     

三芳胺基D-A结构化合物的溶致变色行为研究

研究了3个系列D-A结构化合物在5种不同极性溶剂中的荧光发射光谱及紫外吸收光谱,探讨了化合物的溶致变色规律,结果表明:3个系列化合物在不同极性溶剂中的荧光发射波长发生明显位移,在甲醇中发射波长最大,在环己烷中最小,但在二氧六环、四氢呋喃、二氯甲烷中,随着溶剂极性逐渐减小,发射波长发生红移;在不同极性溶剂中的荧光强度也各不相同,其中,在环己烷中最大,在甲醇中最小。化合物的紫外吸收波长受溶剂极性的影响,均在甲醇中有最小吸收波长,在不同极性溶剂中化合物的吸光度也不相同,在甲醇及环己烷中的吸光度较大。3个系列化合物均具备作为荧光分子探针探测外部环境极性大小的潜能。