色季拉山东坡急尖长苞冷杉种群结构与动态

【目的】研究西藏色季拉山急尖长苞冷杉(Abies georgei var.smithii)种群的结构动态及演替趋势,为该种群的保护与恢复提供参考依据。【方法】在色季拉山东坡海拔3 800 m处设立100 m×100 m的典型样地,对固定样地内所有基径≥0.1 cm的乔木树种进行调查,记录树高、基径、胸径、生长状况等信息,对于基径0.1 cm的幼苗采用抽样调查统计其数量。采用基径和胸径2个指标将急尖长苞冷杉种群划分为13个龄级,分析该种群的龄级结构;利用种群动态量化方法计算相邻龄级种群数量动态变化指数(V_n)和种群结构对随机干扰的敏感性指数(P_(max))等;采用种群静态生命表、生存分析等方法,分析种群结构特征;采用时间序列预测模型对种群未来数量动态变化趋势进行量化预测。【结果】(1)色季拉山急尖长苞冷杉种群呈典型的"金字塔"型,1龄级幼苗储备丰富。(2)种群数量动态变化指数显示该种群为增长型种群,但对外界干扰具有较高的敏感性。(3)种群林龄结构完整,1龄级阶段存在强烈的环境筛选作用,种群存活曲线趋向于直线型(Deevey-Ⅱ型)B_3亚型,种群死亡率与消失率随龄级的增大先降低后升高再降低。(4)生存分析表明,随龄级的增大,种群生存率逐渐降低,累积死亡率与生存率为互补关系,死亡密度与危险率总体呈降低趋势,但危险率曲线波动较大。(5)时间序列预测模型结果表明,急尖长苞冷杉种群在未来一段时间内呈增长趋势,与种群结构及数量动态变化指数分析结果一致。【结论】虽然各种指标均表明急尖长苞冷杉种群目前处于稳定增长期,但结合生境及气候条件认为,该种群目前处于以地形、风、雪为主导的一种多元演替顶级的稳定期,今后一段时间其种群数量虽有波动,但不会偏离目前整体状态。考虑该种群对外界干扰具有较高的敏感性,建议进一步加强生境的保护,防止生境破坏引起种群衰退。     

长白山自然保护区西坡生态环境保育对策

分析了长白山自然保护区西坡存在的生态环境问题，指出；目前长白山西坡森林生态系统正处于不稳定的演替状态，人为干扰影响着森林生态系统的正常演替，生态恢复存在着不利的自然因素。生物多样性日趋减少，旅游加大了对生态环境的影响，为此，提出了长白山西坡的生态环境保育对策。     

祁连山林区积雪分布规律调查

以祁连山西水林区排露沟流域为代表研究祁连山林区春天积雪分布规律,表明祁连山林区积雪分布与海拔高度关系极大,海拔越高,积雪越多;在较小尺度上,积雪分布与坡向、植被类型、林分郁闭度等因子有关,主要受森林植被影响,森林植被形成积雪小环境.     

大兴安岭人工林有机质层释放溶解有机碳(DOC)动态特征

溶解有机碳(DOC)是土壤碳库中最活跃的部分。研究人工林生长中有机质层释放DOC的动态,对阐述北方森林碳循环具有基础意义。以空间代替时间方法,在内蒙古大兴安岭根河林业局管辖范围内选取不同林龄人工林为研究对象,收集并测定了有机质层渗透水中DOC浓度,并分析了坡位和不同月份对于有机质层释放DOC的影响。结果表明:不同阶段人工林,有机质层释放DOC浓度呈增加的趋势,且每个样地仅与50年生落叶松人工林阶段DOC有显著差异(P<0.05);在6-9月,有机质层渗透水中DOC浓度随月份变化,整体呈降低趋势,并随着人工林生长,有机质层渗透水中DOC浓度最大值转向7月;在不同坡位中,中、下坡位DOC浓度高于上坡位。随着不同阶段的人工林及坡位和季节的变化,有机质层下DOC浓度发生了一定的变化。     

武夷山脉主峰地区凝冻灾害及其对自然资源的影响

武夷山脉主峰黄岗山海拔2 157.5m,是我国大陆东南地区10个省市区的最高峰.在2008年的罕见冰雪灾害中,该区域以凝冻天气为主要表现的灾害具有:持续时间长、坡向差异显著,并有明显的海拔规律的特点.灾害的形式主要为植被因超负荷重力作用出现机械性损害.对该地区植物群落的演替和野生动物的正常繁衍造成了严重影响.     

武夷肉桂茶品质差异分析及其与矿质元素间的关系

为探明不同等级武夷肉桂茶品质差异,分析造成茶叶品质差异的原因,以649个不同等级武夷肉桂茶为研究对象,分别进行感官审评及主要滋味物质和矿质元素测定。结果表明:获奖肉桂茶滋味物质含量比未入围肉桂茶丰富。不同等级武夷肉桂茶除K、Mg、Mn、Co外,大多数矿质元素含量之间没有显著差异。限制性主坐标轴分析表明,品质指标对武夷肉桂茶等级间差异的总差异解释达到43.391%,矿质元素解释度仅有26.996%。热图分析表明,武夷肉桂茶RA(特等奖)和RB(一等奖)在总黄酮、可溶性糖、茶多酚、咖啡因、EGCG、EGC、GC、GCG等指标显著积累,其酚氨比更高,RC(优质奖)和RD(未入围)在Mn和Mg有显著积累。相关性分析表明,武夷肉桂茶等级与茶多酚、EGCG、酚氨比、咖啡碱、ECG、EGC呈显著正相关,与Mn含量呈显著负相关。研究结果可为客观判别武夷肉桂茶的品质差异提供一定的理论依据。     

武夷岩茶氨基酸组分及含量分析

采用氨基酸自动分析仪测定分析大红袍、水仙、肉桂、雀舌、金毛猴和矮脚乌龙等6个品种武夷岩茶的游离氨基酸组分,结果表明:6个品种武夷岩茶均含有17种氨基酸,氨基酸含量品种间差异显著,武夷岩茶的游离氨基酸总量为75.82~107.12 mg/g;其中含量较高的为谷氨酸、天冬氨酸和亮氨酸。武夷岩茶的氨基酸中含有各种人体必需氨基酸,且比例均衡;必需氨基酸总量占30.47%~40.46%,药用氨基酸含量丰富,占氨基酸总量的61.29%~63.90%;呈鲜味的氨基酸含量也占氨基酸总量的23.80%~28.63%,因此,武夷岩茶具有较高的营养价值和保健功能。     

树轮地貌学方法在坡面土壤侵蚀调查中的应用——以河北省环首都山地为例

通过对树根解剖法的综合分析,提出了基于全树龄的坡面土壤侵蚀调查方法。利用该方法,选择河北省涞源县、兴隆县两地作为典型调查点,对河北省环首都山地的坡面土壤侵蚀进行了调查,探讨了树龄分析法在不同地貌部位、不同岩性、不同树种条件下土壤侵蚀研究的可行性。结果表明,利用全树龄分析方法所取得的坡面水土流失数据与RUSLE模型具有一定的可比性,而且基于全树龄的树轮地貌学方法对研究区土壤侵蚀情况的时空变化特征具有更强的指示性和分辨率,实用性更高。     

Tree-ring response of Larix chinensis on regional climate and sea-surface temperature variations in alpine timberline in the Qinling Mountains

Tree-ring width chronologies of Larix chinensis were developed from the northern and southern slopes of the Qinling Mountains in Shaanxi Province,and climatic factors affecting the tree-ring widths of L.chinensis were examined.Correlation analysis showed that similar correlations between tree-ring width chronologies and climatic factors demonstrated that radial growth responded to climate change on both slopes.The radial growth of L.chinensis was mainly limited by temperature,especially the growing season.In contrast,both chronologies were negatively correlated with precipitation in May of the previous year and April of the current year.Spatial climate-correlation analyses with gridded land-surface climate data revealed that our tree-ring width chronologies contained a strong regional temperature signal over much of northcentral and eastern China.Spatial correlation with seasurface temperature fields highlights the influence of the Pacific Ocean,Indian Ocean,and North Atlantic Ocean.Wavelet coherence analysis indicated the existence of some decadal and interannual cycles in the two tree-ring width chronologies.This may suggest the influences of El Nin˜o-Southern Oscillation and solar activity on tree growth in the Qinling Mountains.These findings will help us understand the growth response of L.chinensis to climate change in the Qinling region,and they provide critical information for future climate reconstructions based on this species in semi-humid regions.     

Soil nitrogen and denitrification potential as affected by land use and stand age following agricultural abandonment in a headwater catchment

Changes in vegetation and soil properties because of agricultural abandonment may affect soil nitrogen (N) and associated processes. We investigated soil N (total N: TN, inorganic N: NH₄–N and NO₃–N) and denitrification potential in cropland, pine plantations and abandoned agricultural land along a secondary succession sequence (grassland→shrubland→secondary forest) in a headwater catchment in the Qinling Mountains, northwest China. The results show that the soil denitrification potential differed significantly among the five land‐use types with the highest potential in the secondary forest, followed by grassland, shrubland, cropland and plantations. The denitrification potential of the 20‐ to 40‐cm layer was significantly lower compared with the topsoil (0–20 cm) across all land‐use types. TN, soil organic matter (SOM) and NH₄–N increased significantly with stand age, whereas there was an opposite trend in soil pH. However, the denitrification potential did not relate to stand age in a linear manner. We conclude that changes in soil TN, SOM and pH during vegetation succession following agricultural abandonment are critical controls on the denitrification potential.