4个黄芩内生真菌菌株的鉴定及抗菌活性研究

通过形态学观察和ITS序列系统发育分析确定了4个黄芩内生真菌菌株的分类学地位,N.SBA9为密实链格孢Alternaria compacta,N.SBA10为链格孢属的种Alternaria sp.,N.SBA 34为节菱孢属的种Arthrinium sp.,N.SBA 35为粉红螺旋聚孢霉Clonostachys rosea,其有性型为淡色生赤壳菌Bionectria ochroleuca。以枯草芽孢杆菌Bacillus subtilis、致病性大肠埃希氏菌Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli(EPEC)、肠炎沙门氏菌Salmonellae enteritis、九州镰孢霉Fusarium kyrushuense等7种指示菌对上述4个菌株的发酵液原液、发酵液乙醇提取物和菌丝体乙醇提取物进行抑菌活性测定的结果表明,各菌株的发酵液原液的抗菌谱较广,分别可拮抗3~6种指示菌;发酵液和菌丝体的醇提物的抗菌谱较窄,分别可拮抗1~2种指示菌,且抑菌活性普遍较高,抑菌圈直径大多大于20 mm。     

不同碳氮源对复合木质素降解菌木质素降解能力的影响

通过室内小麦秸秆固态发酵试验,研究了不同的碳、氮源对复合侧耳属白腐真菌Tf1(P.pulmonarius)和JG1(P.cornucopiae)降解麦秸中木质素能力的影响。结果表明,以葡萄糖为碳源,酒石酸铵为氮源能显著提高复合木质素降解菌对木质素的降解能力,发酵9d后小麦秸秆的失重率为14.87%,木质素含量为8.68%,木质素降解率为22.95%(p0.05)。     

内生真菌-鸭茅互作对宿主植物抗盐性的影响

[目的]探讨内生真菌对鸭茅植株抗盐性的影响.[方法]以感染内生真菌的鸭茅为试验材料,以无内生菌的鸭茅植株为对照,模拟梯度浓度的盐胁迫环境进行室内盆栽试验,比较带内生真菌E+与不带内生真菌E-的鸭茅在相同环境下不同浓度NaCl胁迫下的生长与生理指标变化.[结果]随盐胁迫浓度的增加,感染和未感染内生真菌鸭茅植株脯氨酸含量和过氧化物酶活性均显著升高(P＜0.05),单株生物量的干、鲜重均显著降低(P＜0.05).与未感染内生菌的鸭茅植株相比,感染内生真菌可使植株的地上生物量和叶片可溶性糖含量显著增加(P＜0.05),并使过氧化物酶活性显著降低(P＜0.05).在盐胁迫环境下内生菌对鸭茅叶片中叶绿素和丙二醛的含量无显著影响.[结论]感染内生真菌的鸭茅植株能够增强其对盐胁迫的生理生化适应能力.     

云南干热河谷地区木棉科植物丛枝菌根真菌的调查研究

【目的】调查云南干热河谷地区木棉科植物根及根际周围的丛枝菌根真菌(AMF)分布状况,为筛选对干热河谷木棉生长有明显促进作用的AMF提供理论依据。【方法】采用湿筛沉淀法,从云南干热河谷的元阳、元江、东川、元谋、宾川和怒江6个地区的木棉须根及其所带土壤中分离AMF孢子,在体视镜下观察记录孢子的颜色、大小、连孢菌丝的特征、孢子果形态等;在此基础上,用微吸管挑取孢子置于载玻片上,加浮载剂(蒸馏水、乳酸、乳酸甘油、Melzer’s试剂)在Nikon显微镜下观察,对孢子颜色、大小,孢壁颜色、类型、厚度等指标进行鉴定。【结果】从云南干热河谷6个地区的野生及人工栽培的木棉中,共分离鉴定出AMF 3属6种,分别为幼套球囊霉Claroideoglomus etunicatum、摩西球囊霉Funneliformis mosseae、何氏球囊霉Glomus hoi、缩球囊霉Funneliformis constrictum、苏格兰球囊霉Glomus caledonium和细凹无梗囊霉Acaulospora scrobiculata。AMF在不同区域、不同季节和不同栽培环境下的分布规律不同,旱季较少,雨季较多;野生环境中多,人工栽培环境少。【结论】在云南干热河谷地区,幼套球囊霉和摩西球囊霉较其他AMF出现频率更高,孢子数量较多,初步认为这2种是该区域木棉科植物丛枝菌根真菌的优势种。     

榕树根结线虫及其食线虫菌物鉴定

榕树根结线虫病病原经鉴定为南方根结线虫(Meloidogyneincognita) 从榕树根结线虫的卵囊和雌虫上共分离鉴定食线虫菌物7种 尖孢镰孢(Fusariumoxysporium)是榕树根结线虫的食线虫菌物优势种群,占食线虫菌物分离物总数的41 38% 淡紫拟青霉(Paecilomyceslilac inus)和厚孢轮枝孢(Verticilliumchlamydosporium)分别占分离物总数的6 90%,20 69%;食线虫菌物以卵囊寄生物为主     

野生山药内生真菌对瑞昌山药促生作用研究

为探讨内生真菌对宿主植物的促生效应、采用Salkowski 比色法、从48 株由野生山药组织分离得到的内 生真菌中筛选出4 株具有分泌吲哚乙酸（IAA）活性的菌株（编号为YS07尧YS16尧YS21尧YS27）。将4 株内生真菌与瑞昌 山药无菌苗共培养、观察菌丝在山药幼苗根中的定殖情况、并测定该菌株对瑞昌山药幼苗生长的影响。结果显示、4 株内生真菌均能在一定程度上提高瑞昌山药无菌苗的鲜重尧新生根数尧根冠比和叶绿素含量、不同菌株在分泌IAA 的能力和对瑞昌山药的促生作用方面存在差异、4 株内生真菌促生作用的强弱依次为YS27尧YS21尧YS07尧YS16。     

几种植物复方制剂对4种植物病原真菌的抑制作用

利用常见中草药(大黄、丁香、黄连、连翘、生地、桔梗)、几种植物叶片(柳树叶、茴香、杨树叶、银杏叶)和葱属植物(大蒜、韭菜、葱、洋葱),以不同配比混合后制成的4种复方制剂对4种植物病原真菌(立枯丝核菌、胶胞炭疽菌、交链孢菌和大丽轮枝菌)进行了体外抑制实验。结果表明:供试4种植物复方制剂对4种植物病原真菌均表现出不同程度的抑制作用,其中ZY和FH对交链孢菌和大丽轮枝菌表现出较强的抑制作用,抑菌率可达100%,优于SY和CS;但4种复方制剂对立枯丝核菌和胶胞炭疽菌的抑制作用均较弱,抑菌率均在40%以下。     

The Effects of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi on Reactive Oxyradical Scavenging System of Tomato Under Salt Tolerance

The effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi （AMF）, Glomus mosseae, on oxygen radical scavenging system of tomato under salt stress were studied in potted culture experiments. The response of tomato （Lycopersieon eseulentum L.） cultivar Zhongza 9 seedlings with AMF inoculation and control to salt stress （0, 0.5 and 1.0% NaCl solution, respectively） was investigated. The results showed that the salt stress significantly reduced the dry matter content of roots, stems and leaves, and also the leaf area as compared with the control treatment. However, arbuscular mycorrhizal-inoculated （AM） significantly improved the dry matter and the leaf area in the salt-stressed plants. The effect of AMF on dry matter was more pronounced in aerial bromass than in root biomass which might be due to AM colonization. The activities of SOD, POD, ASA-POD, and CAT in leaves and roots of mycorrhizal and non-mycorrhizal treatment of tomato plants were increased and had different rules under different NaCl concentrations （solution of 0, 0.5 and 1% NaCl）, but all enzymes had a rise in the beginning of treatment under salt stress conditions. The AMF did not change the rule of tomato itself under salt stress, but AMF increased these enzyme activities in different levels. The AMF treatment significantly increased SOD, POD and ASA-POD activities in leaves and roots, whereas it had little effects on CAT in root. O2- production rate and MDA content in leaves increased continuously, which showed a positive line correlation with salt stress concentration. O2- production rate and MDA content in tomato plants significantly decreased by AM treatment compared with nonmycorrhizal treatment. In conclusion, AM could alleviate the growth limitations imposed by saline conditions, and thereby play a very important role in promoting plant growth under salt stress in tomato.     

食用菌黏菌病化学防治研究

[目的]寻找食用菌黏菌病的有效化学防治方法。[方法]选取一些低毒、无污染的化学制剂,进行室内毒力试验,测定其对黏菌的抑制作用;通过室内生测结果选取对平菇菌丝生长影响较小的药剂进行菇棚内黏菌病防治试验。[结果]试验结果表明：绿丹苦参1 000倍液＋水杨酸300倍液组合、克霉先锋1 000倍液、绿丹苦参1 000倍液、水杨酸300倍液效果较好,是生产实践中防治黏菌病应优先选用的药剂。[结论]研究结果为食用菌黏菌病的有效控制奠定了基础。     

接种丛枝菌根真菌对采煤沉陷区侧柏生长的影响

为了提高采煤沉陷区植被覆盖率和退化土壤生产力,增加矿区生态系统的稳定性。通过在采煤沉陷区侧柏[Platycladus orientalis(L.)Franco]根系接种丛枝菌根真菌,研究了两者的共生关系,并研究接种丛枝菌根真菌对侧柏生长的影响以及菌根生态效应。结果表明,接种丛枝菌根真菌提高了侧柏根系的菌丝侵染率,接种区侧柏菌丝侵染率高达75%以上,菌丝密度达到2.26 m/g。接种丛枝菌根真菌促进了侧柏的生长,接种区侧柏株高平均比未接种区高出6.83 cm;接种菌根提高了侧柏根系对土壤中速效磷和速效钾的吸收,改善了侧柏根际的微环境。