Compressive deformation of wood impregnated with low molecular weight phenol formaldehyde (PF) resin II: effects of processing parameters

To obtain high-strength phenol formaldehyde (PF) resin-impregnated compressed wood at low pressing pressure, the effects of resin content, preheating temperature, pressing temperature, and pressing speed on the compressive deformation of oven-dried low molecular weight PF resin-impregnated wood was investigated. With an increase of PF resin content, the Youngs modulus of the cell wall perpendicular to the fiber direction decreases, and collapse-initiating pressure decreases linearly with the Youngs modulus. This indicates that the occurrence of cell wall collapse is strain-dependent. By increasing preheating temperatures, the collapse-initiating pressure increases due to the increment of the Youngs modulus of the cell wall. An increase in pressing temperature results in the thermal softening of the cell wall and causes collapse at a lower pressure. The wood is compressed effectively despite accelerated resin curing. The pressing speed significantly affects the viscoelastic deformation of the cell wall and the wood is well deformed with decreasing pressing speed, although the differences in density and mechanical properties are relatively small after a pressure-holding period of 30min. In all the parameters examined in this study, the Youngs modulus and bending strength increase with increasing density.     

杉木地理种源材性变异及建筑材优良种源评估

对４个试验点１２个杉木种源的材性测定研究表明，种源间木材物理力学性质和纤维特征有较明显的变异，木材化学组分的变异相对较小。从与建筑材相关的主要性质发现南，北亚热带种源好，中亚热带种源较差的“Ｖ“形纬向变异趋势。种源原产地的气温因子是影响材性变异的主要作用因子。经综合评定，贵北，广东信宜和带陕西汉中，安徽霍山种源材质性能较好，可以在种源杂交或无性系选择中改良利用。     

用意杨压缩木替代传统木梳材料的研究

我国木梳素以小叶黄杨、楠木、枣木、梨木等树种为制梳材料。由于人口膨胀,木梳需求量巨增,制梳原材料渐已匮乏,绵延1 500多年的传统木梳手工艺文化正面临消亡的威胁。笔者选择速生树种——意杨为制梳材料,按木梳实用功能和产业经济的实际需求,对意杨压缩木进行一般物理特性试验,对其木梳制品进行实用和成本分析,最终确定50％左右的意杨压缩木完全能替代木梳传统原材料。     

紫色土丘陵坡地不同恢复阶段土壤生态化学计量特征

采用空间序列代替时间序列的方法,对湖南省衡阳市紫色土丘陵坡地不同恢复阶段(包括前期(Ⅰ)、中前期(Ⅱ)、中后期(Ⅲ)和后期(Ⅳ))不同土层(包括0～10 cm、10～20 cm、20～40 cm、40～60 cm、60～80 cm、80～100 cm 与0～100 cm土层)的土壤生态化学计量特征进行研究。结果表明：(1)随着植被恢复的进行,每个恢复阶段各土层土壤有机碳含量先升后降,呈现出倒“U”形规律,TN和TP的含量显著减小(P＜0.05),具有明显的“表聚性”, 每土层的4个恢复阶段的SOC的大小具有“波动性”,差异具有显著性(P＜0.05),TN和TP的含量的大小顺序均为：后期(Ⅳ)＞中后期(Ⅲ)＞中前期(Ⅱ)＞前期(Ⅰ),其差异达显著水平(P＜0.05);(2)随着植恢复的进行, 0～100 cm土壤SOC、TN和TP显著增加(P＜0.05), C/N、C/P和N/P显著减小(P＜0.05);(3)相关分析说明： C/N与SOC、SER呈极显著正相关(P＜0.01),与TN、TP、SWC、SBD呈极显著负相关(P＜0.01);C/P与SOC呈极显著正相关(P＜0.01),与SWC、SBD呈极显著负相关(P＜0.01);N/P与SOC、TN、TP、pH值呈显著或极显著正相关(P＜0.05或P＜0.01),与SBD、SER呈极显著负相关(P＜0.01)。研究结果说明,在植被恢复过程中,植被对土壤中N和P两种元素的需求相一致。     

转多基因库安托杨非靶目标材性性状分析

In this study, the transgenic poplar (Populus × euramericana‘Guariento’) harboring five exogenous genes (SacB, Vgb, BtCry3A, OC-I and JERF36^#) and the control plants were selected, comparing the wood property variation of 5-year-old trees, and trying to understand whether the transgenic of exogenous genes produce unintended effects. The results showed that the transgenic of exogenous genes caused a wide range of variation in non-target wood properties, the variations were found not only between transgenic and wild-type lines, but also among transgenic lines. Compared with the control, the transgenic lines, the contents of holocellulose and cellulose increased, the total lignin and acid soluble lignin decreased, the fiber length, the fiber width, the microfibril angle and the acid insoluble lignin varied uncertainly. It is concluded that the introduced exogenous gene could generate unintended effects on corresponding non-target target traits.     

木材干燥产生缺陷的预防措施及补救方法

缺陷对木材的加工及使用影响很大 ,本文对木材干燥产生的缺陷及产生的原因进行了探讨 ,提出干燥引起缺陷的预防措施。     

玉米流体穴播种子物理机械特性研究

玉米种子浸泡后进行流体播种是解决干旱半干旱缺水地区玉米播种存在的出苗难、缺苗断垄等问题及提高施水利用率的有效途径。但播前浸种的种子物理机械特性发生了很大变化,采用现有干种播种机无法播种。本文对不同浸泡时间的12种样品进行了研究,分析了玉米种子吸水膨胀后的尺寸、含水量、千粒重、容重、密度、摩擦角等物理机械特性以及抗破坏作用能力,找出了各参数随浸泡时间的变化规律和差异,确定了玉米种子合适的浸泡时间为16~24h,为流体播种等湿种播种机具的研究提供依据。     

木材热分解动力学的研究

用ＴＧ－ＤＴＡ热分析联用技术测定了４种常用木材的ＴＧ－ＤＴＡ－５曲线，并用热动力学方法处理的ＴＧ曲线，获得了相应动力学参数。发现各种木材在干燥阶段和煅烧阶段的热性质大致相似，而炭化阶段的热性质则因木材人化学组成不同而有较大差异。     

吉林白鹅(农安籽鹅)品种特性研究

本文较详细地报道了吉林白鹅的品种特性 :体型外貌特征及体尺体重、生长发育规律、产肉性能、产蛋性能、产绒性能、肥肝性能及某些经济性状的遗传参数。结果表明 :吉林白鹅早期生长发育较快 ,其中 2 ,3周龄最快 ;在放牧为主补饲为辅的条件下 ,年均产蛋 60～ 80枚 ,在科学饲养条件下 ,年均产蛋 1 2 5枚 ;含绒率冬季可达 2 4 2 %;成龄体重、产蛋数、绒毛重、肥肝重的h2 分别为 0 57,0 2 8,0 4 1 ,0 52。吉林白鹅的高产蛋性能和含绒率 ,是世界鹅品种中非常罕见和宝贵的高产基因 ,经过进一步系统选育提高 ,可以成为国内外杂交配套系的理想母本。