基于模型化合物的糠醇改性大豆蛋白基胶黏剂机理研究

为了开发真正意义上的环保型大豆蛋白基胶黏剂,该文以糠醇作为交联剂,以组成蛋白质分子的二肽为起点,采用模型化合物思想研究大豆蛋白基胶黏剂的交联改性基础理论,借助核磁共振C谱和电喷雾电离质子仪分析糠醇交联改性大豆蛋白基胶黏剂的机理。同时通过检测大豆蛋白胶胶合板性能,分析大豆蛋白基胶黏剂制备基础理论与实际性能之间的关系。研究结果表明:1)糠醇与丙谷二肽的共缩聚反应和糠醇的自缩聚反应,两者为竞争关系;2)一般碱性条件下,糠醇极其稳定,两者都不明显,只有在强碱性条件下糠醇可能产生活性稍大的酰胺负离子与丙谷二肽发生一定的共缩聚,反应速率较慢,实现共缩聚的时间太长,但自缩聚反应依然不明显;3)糠醇与丙谷二肽的共缩聚反应和糠醇的自缩聚反应都需要较强的酸性,且前者低于后者,酸性太强时糠醇自缩聚占主导,酸性太弱时产生的糠醇碳正离子浓度和反应活性较弱,不利于自缩聚和共缩聚;在pH值为3时,共缩聚表现出较强的竞争性。4)糠醇与丙谷二肽共缩聚反应和糠醇自缩聚反应主要发生在酸性条件下,糠醇与丙谷二肽发生共缩聚反应位点首先是端酰胺基团,其次是伯胺,而肽键氨基由于存在较大的空间位阻导致几乎不参与反应。5)糠醇与大豆蛋白模型化合物反应机理与大豆蛋白基胶黏剂实际性能具有较强的对应性,即在pH值为3时,糠醇与大豆蛋白基胶黏剂反应程度较高,表现为较强的耐水性和热稳定性。该研究工作的开展对实现大豆蛋白基胶黏剂的科学使用,提升大豆蛋白基胶黏剂的市场竞争力具有重要意义。     

来源于脂环酸芽孢杆菌的GH1家族β-葡萄糖苷酶的葡萄糖耐受性分子改造

豆粕中大豆异黄酮主要以无活性的结合型存在。在玉米豆粕型日粮为主的饲料领域,β-葡萄糖苷酶可以将结合型大豆异黄酮转化为游离型活性苷元,但转化过程受肠道中较高浓度葡萄糖的抑制。和GH3家族相比,GH1家族β-葡萄糖苷酶不仅具有较高的葡萄糖耐受性,而且一定浓度范围内的葡萄糖对其具有酶活促进效应,因此在饲料领域显示出巨大的应用潜力。从脂环酸芽孢杆菌Alicyclobacillus sp.A4中克隆表达了一个具有较高葡萄糖耐受性(IC50800 mmol/L)的GH1家族β-葡萄糖苷酶As BG1。为了进一步提高As BG1的葡萄糖耐受性,通过同源建模、序列比对、分子对接技术等生物信息学手段,聚焦于催化通道的非催化葡萄糖结合位点,对As BG1进行了理性设计的分子突变研究。对不同突变体的葡萄糖耐受性测定表明:以5 mmol/L p NPG为底物,100 mmol/L葡萄糖对WT(野生型)、H315R和M325K酶活促进作用分别为125%、163%和162%,其中H315R的IC50提高至1 200 mmol/L;以1 mmol/L大豆苷为底物,10 mmol/L的葡萄糖对WT、H315R和M325K分别具有163%、212%和226%的酶活促进作用,结果表明突变体具有更好的在动物胃肠道水解大豆异黄酮能力。上述结果丰富了对GH1家族葡萄糖耐受性机制的认识,为日后进行耐受性相关的分子改造提供了重要的指导意义。     

Research Advances on Glycoside Hydrolases with Two Catalytic Domains北大核心CSCD

This review presented the reaserch progresses in the natural domains analysis, artificial construction, modification, and application of glycoside hydrolases with two catalytic domains. The study of glycoside hydrolases with two catalytic domains on improving thermostability and catalytic activity were highlighted. In addition, the catalytic mechanism of glycoside hydrolases with two catalytic domains was explored, and also the research directions of glycoside hydrolases with two catalytic domains were prospected. © 2018, Editorial Board of «Chemistry and Industry of Forest Products». All right reserved.     

Synthesis and Antibacterial Activity of Derivatives of Rhein北大核心CSCD

Based on carboxyl amidation of rhein(1), a series of derivatives of rhein were synthesized by structure modification of C7 of anthraquinone mother nucleus. And the antibacterial activity and structure-activity relationship of the derivatives were preliminary discussed. The derivatives of rhein were respectively rhein piperidine amide(2), 7-hydroxymethyl-rhein piperidine amide(3), 7-bromomethyl-rhein piperidine amide(4), 7-(4-morpholino)methyl-rhein piperidine amide(5a), 7-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)methyl-rhein piperidine amide(5b), 7-(1-methyl-4-piperazinyl)methyl-rhein piperidine amide(5c). The structures of the compounds were characterized by IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, MS. The minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of the compounds obtained were tested and the MIC of compounds 5a and 5b against E.coli reached 0.78 and 0.39 mg/L respectively. Their antibacterial activity were stronger than that of rhein(MIC 3.13 mg/L) obviously, even stronger than that of the kanamycin(MIC 1.56 mg/L); and the MIC of compound 5a against S. aureus reached 1.56 mg/L, which was similar to that of rhein. The preliminary analysis of structure effective relationship showed that if none replace heterocyclic groups were introduced into substituent of C7 of the mother nucleus, the antibaterial activity on E.coli would be stronger. © 2018, Editorial Board of «Chemistry and Industry of Forest Products». All right reserved.     

硅烷偶联剂改性废胶粉及其在胎面胶中的应用研究

采用偶联剂Si-69改性不同目数的废胶粉,探讨改性废胶粉对天然橡胶/顺丁橡胶并用胎面胶性能的影响。结果表明,偶联剂Si-69对废胶粉的改性效果明显,其对40目和80目废胶粉的适宜用量分别为2质量份和4质量份;改性40目和80目废胶粉的用量均为10份时,胎面胶具有相对较好的综合力学性能;改性废胶粉的适量掺入能一定程度提高胎面胶的磨耗性能。     

基于天气预报的漳河灌区参考作物腾发量预报方法比较

为了提出适合湖北省漳河灌区的参考作物腾发量预报方法,以FAO56-Penman-Monteith公式采用历史气象数据计算出的值为基准,利用天气预报数据,比较Hargreaves-Samani(HS)法、逐日均值修正法及该文改进的逐日均值修正法在该灌区钟祥站点的预报精度,并评价各方法适用性.结果表明:利用这3种方法进行参考作物腾发量预报时,1~7 d预见期平均绝对误差均值分别为0.75、0.80、0.76 mm/d,均方根误差分别为1.00、1.07、1.05 mm/d,相关系数分别为0.82、0.80、0.80.1 d预见期最优预报方法为改进逐日均值修正法,2~7 d预见期的最优方法均为HS法.总体而言,预报精度最好的为HS法、改进逐日均值修正法次之、逐日均值修正法最差.对于漳河灌区,建议采用HS法进行预报,可为灌溉预报提供较为准确的数据基础.     

食品蛋白磷酸化改性的研究进展

食品蛋白的磷酸化改性是食品蛋白质改性的有效方式,能够改善食品蛋白质的功能特性,扩大食品蛋白质应用领域。综述了食品蛋白磷酸化改性的研究现状、存在的问题、改性产物的安全性,并对今后该领域的研究前景进行了展望。     

真空热处理粗皮桉木材化学性质的变化

以粗皮桉木材为研究对象,在不同的处理温度下(160、200和240℃)对其真空热处理4 h。为探究热处理前后木材化学性质的变化,对热处理前后木材的高位热值进行了测定与分析;利用紫外-可见光谱、傅里叶变换拉曼光谱和电子自旋共振波谱分析了热处理前后木材化学结构和表面自由基的变化。结果表明:随着热处理温度的升高,木材的高位热值呈逐渐增大的趋势,木材热值的改变与化学组分含量的变化具有一定相关性。紫外-可见光谱显示,热处理材的紫外与可见吸收增强,说明热处理使得木材的共轭和芳香结构以及发色基团增多。拉曼光谱分析表明,热处理材多糖发生降解,木质素部分化学键断裂,木质素化学结构发生改变,热处理过程中木质素发生解聚再缩合反应。电子自旋共振波谱显示,热处理前后木材表面自由基的类型未发生改变,木材表面自由基的数量随热处理温度的升高而增多。     

杂种落叶松家系不同年龄变异及早期选择

以黑龙江省林口县青山林场30年生杂种落叶松子代测定林中的16个家系为研究对象,测定不同年龄木材的密度、纤维素质量分数,估算各性状的变异系数、分析其差异性及相关性。结果表明:家系密度平均为0.474 g·cm~(-3),其变异系数为7.64%,最大家系为12.14%,最小家系为3.38%;纤维素质量分数平均为50.212%,其变异系数为3.38%,最大家系为5.36%,最小家系为1.41%,变异不同,选择利用也存在区别。木材密度与纤维素质量分数表现着正相关关系,与木质素质量分数存在着微弱的负相关关系,有利于联合选择。7年生及以上林龄的基本密度、纤维素质量分数、半纤维素质量分数与25~27 a的结果具有极显著的相关性,早期选择是可行的,但不同家系选择时间存在差别。     

Water sorption,surface structure and surface energy characteristics of wood composite fibres refined at different pressures

During fibre processing, wood fibres are subjected to a range of physical and chemical conditions sufficient to slightly alter their chemical composition and hence their ultimate performance when used in the manufacture of wood fibre-based composites. In order to better understand the effects of refiner conditions on material performance, wood fibres were subjected to processing at different refiner pressures (4, 6, 8 and 10 bar) and subsequently dried in a flash drier. The fibres were analysed for changes in surface area, surface energy, surface structure and water vapour sorption characteristics. The methods applied were nitrogen adsorption utilising the Brunauer–Emmett–Teller theory, inverse gas chromatography, scanning electron microscopy and dynamic vapour sorption. It was found that increasing refiner pressure resulted in fibres of lower surface area, accompanied by increasing dispersive surface energies up to operating refiner pressures of 8 bar. It was found with fibres refined at different pressures that as the refiner pressure increased the equilibrium moisture content of the fibre decreased at the set relative humidities. However, it was also noted that the hysteresis was not significantly different between each of the refiner pressures. The results suggest that different refiner pressures can be used to tune the surface characteristics which may be beneficial to product development and the improvement of the environmental profile of the wood fibre composites.