Changes in Frequency of Plants Resistant to Barley Leaf Rust Caused by Puccinia hordei Otth. in a Barley Composite Cross Population

The response of barley Composite Cross XLI to selection for resistance to leaf rust was evaluated. Representative samples from eight cycles of recurrent selection were inoculated with an isolate of Puccinia bordei Otth. in both the seedling and adult plant stage. Disease symptoms were evaluated 14 days after inoculation. The resistance in CC XLI increased with selection in the seedling stage from 15.1 to 20.5 %, and in the adult plant stage from 20.5 to 37.5 %, respectively. The largest gains in resistance were observed in the earlier cycles of recurrent selection. Significant fluctuations in percent resistant plants occurred between the years.     

经济、社会、资源、环境复合系统协调发展研究

为了构建复合系统协调发展度模型,以经济、社会、资源、环境4个系统为研究对象,运用主成分分析、回归分析以及隶属度函数方法,借助SPSS 17.0对保定市1999-2009年间的相关数据进行处理分析和评价,结果表明,保定市复合系统协调性整体水平尚可处于协调发展状态;但系统间协调发展水平仍有待提高,经济、环境、资源三系统间矛盾尤为突出。经济、环境系统协调性较差,保定市走循环经济路线,使用清洁能源发展低碳经济是解决此问题的关键;资源、环境系统间协调性亦差,应提高资源利用率,保护耕地、改变燃料结构,发展新能源产业。社会、经济子系统发展态势突出,应注重资源、环境子系统的均衡发展,走可持续发展道路。     

Analysis of Load-bearing Characteristics of Concrete Pile Composite Foundation

Some conclusions were drawn from two groups of in-site tests on concrete pile composite foundations. In the tests, it was found that the pressure under the rigid loading slab is different, in which the pressure under the center of the slab is the less and under the edge of the slab is the biggest. The pile-soil stress ratio is not a constant; it increases with the adding of the load. Most of the pile-soil ratio vary from 9 to 13 in these tests and the load that the piles share can be more than seventy percent of the whole load. It was proved that the bearing capacity of the concrete pile composite foundation is high with a little settlement, so it will be used more and more in the future.     

混料设计及响应面法优化大黄药渣固态发酵生产漆酶的工艺

通过优化大黄药渣固体培养基的组成及发酵条件,以期最大程度提高发酵生产漆酶的活力。采用D-最优混料设计对固体培养基碳源组成进行优化,优化后得到的固体培养基组成为:小麦麸皮47.2%,大黄药渣47.2%,葡萄糖1.6%,蛋白胨2.5%,氯化钙0.48%,磷酸二氢钾0.5%,硫酸铜0.02%,硫酸镁0.5%。通过中心组合设计响应面试验建立二次回归模型对固态发酵条件进行优化,确定最优发酵条件为发酵初始pH 4.3,发酵温度32.5℃,固液质量体积比1.47∶1,发酵时间7.5 d。在此条件下,发酵生产的漆酶酶活为7 602.1 IU/mL,与模型预测值相对误差在0.6%。     

植酸与VC复配保鲜剂对滑菇保鲜效果的影响

用不同浓度的植酸与VC复配液处理滑菇10 min,再用保鲜膜包装,贮于室温(20℃)下6 d,研究植酸与VC复配保鲜剂对滑菇保鲜效果的影响。结果表明:植酸与VC复配保鲜剂可减少滑菇的水分散失,降低细胞渗透率、呼吸强度和多酚氧化酶活性,保持较好的感官品质。其中配方3(0.05 g/kg植酸+0.30 g/kg VC)对滑菇的保鲜作用显著优于其他配方,可有效地用于滑菇保鲜。     

GFRP肋式剪力连接件受力性能对比试验研究

剪力连接件是保证GFRP混凝土组合梁/板中两种不同材料共同工作的重要构造,设计了矩形肋和T形肋两类GFRP肋式剪力连接件,进行了3组共8个GFRP肋式剪力连接件的推出试验,包括：矩形肋开孔、T形肋开孔、T形肋不开孔3组GFRP肋式剪力连接件,得到了其破坏形态、极限承载力、荷载滑移曲线及荷载应变变化规律,重点研究肋内开孔及肋的截面形式对GFRP肋式剪力连接件受力性能的影响。试验结果表明：GFRP肋式剪力连接件的破坏形态均为混凝土劈裂破坏;对比矩形肋开孔试件,T形肋开孔试件强度高、延性好;对比T形肋不开孔试件,T形肋开孔试件强度与延性均能提高。基于试验结果,建立了考虑肋内开孔及肋截面形式影响的GFRP肋式剪力连接件极限承载力计算公式,拟合得到了GFRP肋式剪力连接件的荷载滑移曲线上升段的理论模型,建立了其抗剪刚度计算公式。     

可食性绿豆淀粉基复合膜的制备及其在青脆李保鲜中的应用

以绿豆淀粉和大豆分离蛋白为制膜原料,通过考察二者复合比例对可食性绿豆淀粉基复合膜性能的影响,研究可食性绿豆淀粉基复合膜的最佳复合比例,同时利用傅里叶红外光谱仪和扫描电镜对该复合膜进行结构表征,并考察其对青脆李贮藏品质的影响。结果表明：在绿豆淀粉与大豆分离蛋白复合比例为2∶1时,绿豆淀粉基复合膜表现出良好的膜性能,此时溶解度、水蒸气透过系数、抗拉强度和断裂伸长率分别为18%、1.2×10^-5g·mm·cm^-2·h^-1·Pa^-1、35 MPa和21.4%。与绿豆淀粉膜相比,该复合膜组分间的相容性较好,且表面更平滑、均匀。在常温贮藏期间,用该复合膜涂膜的青脆李硬度、可溶性固形物和可滴定酸含量等品质指标均优于未涂膜组,可作为青脆李的保鲜膜材料。     

响应面中心组合设计优化花生壳黄酮微波提取工艺

为了获得花生壳黄酮微波提取最佳工艺条件,为花生壳黄酮的进一步开发利用提供技术支持,本研究以黄酮得率为指标,采用响应面法的中心组合设计（Central Composite Design,CCD）对花生壳黄酮的微波提取工艺进行优化,建立二次多项式回归方程的预测模型。方差分析表明：回归模型较好地反映了黄酮得率与微波时间、微波功率、乙醇体积分数和料液比的关系,微波提取花生壳黄酮的最佳参数为：乙醇体积分数78%,微波时间120 s,微波功率460 w,料液比30,花生壳黄酮得率为2.918 g/100 g。经颜色反应和纸层析鉴定所得产品为黄酮类物质。     

Experimental Analysis of the Behavior of Steel Plate-masonry Composite Wall-beams

When steel plate-masonry composite structure used in the existing masonry structure with load bearing walls is removed for a large space, composite action should be considered between the beam and the supported masonry wall due to the arch effect formed in the supported wall. In order to investigate the working mechanism, failure mode, and load-carrying capacity, strain distribution in critical sections and mid-span defcection of this type of composite wall-beam, five steel plate-masonry wall-beams were tested under concentrated loads and analyzed, which considered variables of height-span-ratio of supported masonry wall, height-span-ratio of composite beam and thickness of steel plate. The results show that steel plate-masonry composite wall-beam starts failure from the masonry located at the line between loading point and supporting point; strain distribution of steel plate along section height meets the plane section assumption; the height-span-ratio of supported wall can directly influence the failure mode of masonry wall, buckling load corresponding to steel plate experiencing local buckling and ultimate load of tested specimens; the reasonable height of supported masonry wall is beneficial to the formation of composite action between supported masonry wall and composite beam, and the excessive high masonry wall will reduce the ultimate load of the tested specimen. Finally, the reasonable range for height-span-ratio of supported masonry wall was presented, and the proposed value representing the flexural stiffness of the steel plate-composite beam relative to the in-plane stiffness of the supported masonry wall was at least more than 79.     

清凉型枸杞复合果汁的工艺研究

以枸杞和猕猴桃为原料,通过对原果汁提取时果胶酶的添加量、反应时间和反应温度的探讨,及以果汁的复合配比量、各类稳定剂的添加量、糖酸比为参数调节的正交试验,确定了枸杞复合清凉果汁的最佳工艺参数。结果表明,猕猴桃汁的最佳提取条件为温度55℃,果胶酶质量分数0.15%时,处理时间为60 min;枸杞汁的最佳提取条件为温度55℃,果胶酶质量分数50 mg/kg时,处理时间为6 h;饮料配方为16%枸杞果汁,8%猕猴桃果汁,3%白砂糖,0.15%柠檬酸。在最佳工艺参数下,产品呈赤黄色的清亮液体,具有枸杞独特的香甜和猕猴桃汁自有的清香口味,口感清爽,酸甜适中,香味浓郁。