新冠肺炎疫情对江西省蔬菜产业的影响及疫后发展策略

新冠肺炎疫情发生以来,蔬菜对江西省疫情防控、民生保障乃至社会稳定发挥至关重要的作用。然而,江西省蔬菜的生产经营、受灾播种面积、产量、销售渠道和销售价格由于疫情受到不同程度的影响。为保障人民基本生活需要和蔬菜产业平稳发展,应加大对新型蔬菜经营主体的支持力度、加大农业物联网技术推广力度、构建常态化产销对接平台、防控蔬菜市场风险和把握疫情带来的新机遇,确保在疫情防控常态化形势下江西省蔬菜产业平稳发展。     

基于变异系数法建立蒲公英脆片不同因素与评价指标的选择

为使蔬果的食用不受季节限制且符合当下绿色健康的食品理念,蔬菜脆片应运而生,但不同蔬菜脆片的研制过程中所用的指标不尽相同。为了给蔬菜脆片研究与相关食品开发提供更科学、精准的评价指标,以蒲公英脆片研制为例,对蒲公英脆片生产工艺中膨化时间、膨化功率、马铃薯淀粉用量与物料厚度等因素对脆片品质影响进行研究。首先,利用变异系数法分析脆片的膨化率、硬度、脆度、模糊数学法感官评分等指标在脆片品质评价所占的权重。结果表明,对蒲公英山野菜脆片品质影响从大到小的指标依次为脆度>模糊数学感官评分>硬度>膨化率;再经过标准化并结合权重进行计算,得到对蒲公英脆片品质影响从大到小的因素依次为膨化时间>膨化功率>脆片厚度>马铃薯淀粉用量。     

Molecular identification of tick-borne bacteria in wild animals and their ticks in Central Anatolia,Turkey

Wild animals fulfill an important mission in the ecology of tick-borne diseases as both suitable hosts to tick vectors and reservoirs of the pathogens. However, current data regarding the role of wild animals in the ecology of tick-borne pathogens is insufficient and more investigations are required. In this study, we investigated tick-borne bacterial pathogens in wild boar, hare, and fox and their ticks in Turkey. A total of 102 tick pools comprised of 445 ticks and blood samples were analyzed for the presence of bacterial DNA by PCRs targeted rickettsial gltA and ompA genes, 5S-23S rDNA gene for Borrelia spp., and msp4 gene for Anaplasma spp. As a result of PCR and sequence analyses, three pathogenic spotted fever group (SFG) rickettsiae, two SFG rickettsiae with unknown pathogenicity and one pathogenic Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato were detected in samples obtained from wild animals. Rickettsia slovaca was detected in ticks (13.7% of tick pools) collected from wild boars and blood of a wild boar. In addition, the presences of R. hoogstraalii (19.6% of tick pools), R. aeschlimannii (5.8% of tick pools), R. sibirica subsp. mongolitimonae (1.9% of tick pools) and Candidatus R. goldwasserii (0.9% of tick pools) were detected in ticks collected from wild animals. Furthermore, B. burgdorferi sensu stricto was detected in a tick pool collected from a wild boar. This is the first report on the presence of Candidatus R. goldwasserii in Turkey. Consequently, this study shows that pathogenic Rickettsia and Borrelia species are circulating in Turkish wildlife and these pathogens can pose a threat to human health. Also, it has been determined that the investigated wild animals play a role as maintenance host for vector ticks; therefore, these animals must also be considered in the ecology of the mentioned pathogens.     

晋陕野生大豆种群关联进化性状的变异分析

征集山西和陕西具有代表性的11个野生大豆种群,在山西中部环境条件下对与进化相关的形态性状进行表现型分析.结果表明:质量性状形态相对单一;种群内个体间的数量性状值相差很大,种群间数量性状的平均差异大小有一定的地理分布性,但各性状差异表现不尽相同.利用综合变异系数,筛选出汾阳和沁源2个变异大的野生种群.综合变异系数分别为62.67%和54.33%,闻喜种群变异最小为13.33%,其它种群分布在21.33%～30.67%之间.     

Alaria alata mesocercariae in domestic pigs and wild boars in South Banat,northern Serbia

Alaria alata (Diplostomidae, Trematoda), a potentially zoonotic pathogen, is the only Alaria species in Europe. In recent years, increasing reports of mesocercariae of A. alata in wild boars have been recorded in European countries; however there have been no described cases in domestic pigs over the past decades. Out of 272 diaphragm samples from wild boars (Sus scrofa) and domestic pigs (Sus scrofa), from Serbia, included in the present investigations, mesocercariae of A. alata were found in six (3%) samples from wild boars and in two (2.77%) samples from domestic pigs. Due to the lack of sensitivity of artificial digestion with a magnetic stirrer which was applied in the study, the true prevalence is estimated to be considerably higher in the area of investigation. Confirming the infection in domestic pigs and a wide distribution in wild boars in the area of investigation, the present paper should influence the growing awareness of alariosis as a potential human disease. The meat from free-range domestic pigs and game meat as a potential source of alariosis should always be adequately thermally treated before consumption.     

3种类型福建野生蕉的离体繁殖研究

对3种类型的福建野生蕉进行了离体繁殖研究,以宦溪野生蕉、北峰野生蕉吸芽为材料建立无菌株系;以三明野生蕉试管苗为材料,采用L9(34)正交试验设计,比较了不同生长调节剂对其不定芽增殖、薄片出芽以及类原球茎增殖的影响,并进一步比较3种野生蕉试管苗增殖的基因型差异;最后将所得福建野生蕉试管苗进行生根及移栽研究。结果表明:MS+NAA 0.1 mg/L+6-BA 4 mg/L+Ad 30 mg/L培养基较适宜三明野生蕉试管苗不定芽的增殖;MS+NAA 0.2 mg/L+Ad 30 mg/L培养基较适宜三明野生蕉试管苗薄片出芽;MS+6-BA 6 mg/L+Ad30 mg/L培养基较适宜三明野生蕉类原球茎(多芽体)的增殖,MS+NAA 0.2 mg/L+6-BA 4 mg/L培养基较适宜三明野生蕉类原球茎(大芽)的增殖。三明野生蕉试管苗不定芽增殖培养基S5也适合福州宦溪野生蕉、福州北峰野生蕉不定芽增殖。培养基S4还可用于福建野生蕉试管苗的生根。三种野生蕉试管苗在0.5∶1∶1的沙土、园土、泥炭土基质中移栽效果较好,成活率分别达到97%、95%、90%。     

快速检测法在蔬菜农药残留含量调查分析中的应用

为了调查河源市夏秋季市售蔬菜农药残留状况,验证快速检测法测定农药残留样品的适用性,应用食品安全快速检测技术,采用多通道农药残留快速测试仪,对蔬菜进行农药残留取样检测,并对快检超标样品进行色谱检测复检。总取样量354个,包括生菜、苦瓜、茄子、上海青、蒜苗、西芹菜、菜心等蔬菜。结果显示:农药残留快速检测法总检出率93.50%(331/354),快速检测总超标率12.15%(43/354),实际总超标率5.93%(21/354);仅蒜苗和西芹菜出现假阳性,假阳性率分别为90.48%(19/21)和75.00%(3/4),其余蔬菜农药残留快速检测结果准确。市售蔬菜中存在农药超标:从不同种类来看,瓜菜类农残超标率最高,为9.80%;在7—11月中,11月蔬菜农残超标率最高,为18.29%;从不同取样点来看,农产品商店超标率最高,为12.00%。除部分蔬菜种类,快速检测结果快速且准确。     

蔬菜应急供应保障问题及发展对策

为更好地保障疫情等突发情况下蔬菜的稳定供应和生产,对应急状态下蔬菜供应模式面临的问题进行了深入分析,并对如何完善突发情况下蔬菜供应模式进行了研究,提出了应急状态下蔬菜应急供应保障体系建立的思路和方法,即:通过增加储备蔬菜品种、完善种植基地布局保障市场蔬菜供应;通过监控配送物流,构建安全配送体系;通过加快保鲜技术研究,建立质量保障体系;通过创新产品研发及标准化生产,满足多样化需求;通过产地直销供应、加工配送模式、搭建蔬菜调配平台等方式,完善调配体系,实现了"菜篮子"的保价格、保质量、保供应,产生了良好的经济、社会与生态效益。     

五行蔬菜汤养生浅谈

在广泛文献检索基础上,对五行蔬菜汤的原料(牛蒡、白萝卜、白萝卜叶、胡萝卜和香菇)、(成分β-胡萝卜素、钙、铁、磷等)、养生价值(治疗和预防癌症、治疗心血管疾病、减小烟瘾等)及食用注意事项进行了概述,以期为全民养生保健提供科学资料。     

Soil Solarization: An Organic Weed-Management Approach in Cauliflower

Studies were conducted at KPK Agricultural University, Peshawar, Pakistan, in June 2008 and 2009 using a randomized complete block design. Plots were covered with transparent polyethylene films for different periods (0, 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 weeks). The temperature inside the film was about 10 °C greater than the atmospheric temperature. Solarization increased nitrogen (N) and organic-matter levels in both years, probably because of decomposition of plant residues. Increasing the period of solarization decreased weed density and both fresh and dry biomass. The effectiveness of solarization was species specific. In 2008, Cirsium arvense L. was controlled in the solarized soil, whereas Vicia sativa germination was stimulated by solarization. In 2009, suppressed weeds included Sorghum halepense whereas Chenopodium album L., Cyperus rotundus, and Rumex crispus L. were unaffected. Solarization increased yield of cauliflower (Brassica oleracea L.) in both years. These results suggest that solarization should be practiced before planting horticultural crops in areas with a hot climate.