基于MapInfo的北固山湿地地理信息系统

针对湿地生态环境管理中普遍存在的问题,采用MapInfo作为开发平台,利用MapBasic为二次开发语言,以北固山湿地为研究对象,对空间数据与属性数据进行有效集成,研制和开发了基于MapInfo的湿地地理信息系统。系统实现了数据的系统化管理,具备数据的编辑、查询、统计分析及报表的自动生成、专题图制作等数据分析与处理能力,能够为湿地管理与决策提供有力的依据。     

陕西黄河湿地夏季鸟类资源调查

采用样线法对陕西黄河湿地4种生境的鸟类资源进行了调查,共记录到鸟类61种,隶属于15目33科。其中国家Ⅰ级重点保护鸟类1种,国家Ⅱ级重点保护鸟类2种,陕西省重点保护鸟类4种。＂国家保护的有益的或者有重要经济、科学研究价值的陆生野生动物＂52种。鸟类属于10个分布型,其中东洋型鸟类占22.95%,古北型鸟类占16.39%,反映了该地区的鸟类区系从东洋界向古北界鸟类过渡的特征。     

三江自然保护区丹顶鹤春季觅食生境初步研究

采用样方因子测定法对三江国家级自然保护区丹顶鹤春季觅食生境进行调查研究的结果表明:丹顶鹤春季主要在以苔草、小叶章为主的沼泽湿地中觅食;觅食地植被高度小于40 cm,植被密度低于400株/m2,植被盖度为0～25%,觅食地水深多为5～15 cm,人类干扰距离大于1 500m;人为活动严重影响着丹顶鹤的觅食;春季丹项鹤有在...     

金河林业局湿地资源现状与保护对策

文章通过对金河林业局湿地的现状、类型与生物多样性的阐述与湿地综合效益评价分析,提出了对金河林业局保护湿地的措施。     

Impacts of land use change on soil aggregation and aggregate stabilizing compounds as dependent on time

Land use change is known to strongly affect soil aggregation and aggregate stabilizing compounds. In this study we wanted to gain insight into the temporal and spatial dimension of this process. Therefore, we studied water-stable aggregates, total organic carbon (TOC), carbohydrates and glomalin-related soil protein (GRSP) in a 110-year chronosequence of Stagnosols, which have been converted from pasture to cropland at different times in history. To describe the temporal dimension, the measured concentrations were approximated by an exponential decay function. The spatial dimension was assessed by analyzing the distribution of TOC, carbohydrates, GRSP, and ¹⁴C among the different aggregate-size fractions over the course of 110 years of cropland use. It was found that the TOC concentration decreased monoexponentially (R² = 0.92) from 195.2 t ha⁻¹ to 45.13 t ha⁻¹ in the first depth interval (0-20 cm) during the first 110 years after the conversion, and reached a new equilibrium 23 (±5) years after land use change. Carbohydrates and GRSP obtained a new equilibrium after 14 (±6) and 56 (±5) years in the same depth interval. The mean-weight diameter (MWD) of the water-stable aggregates reached a new equilibrium 33 (±2) years after the land use conversion. With respect to the spatial dimension we found that TOC, carbohydrates, and GRSP showed higher concentrations in the macroaggregates than in the microaggregates. The ratios of the distribution of TOC, carbohydrates and GRSP among macro- and microaggregates did not change significantly during the 110 years of arable use of the soils. The average age of the organic carbon in the different aggregate-size fractions analyzed by its ¹⁴C concentration showed of a wide range from 65 (±25) to 251 (±30) years, and did not change significantly during the cultivation of the sites. Thus, we conclude that water-stable aggregates and the concentrations of TOC, carbohydrates and GRSP reacted towards land use change at different speeds and reached a new equilibrium between 14 (±6) and 56 (±5) years after the conversion of land use. Secondly, we found, that the spatial distribution of aggregate stabilizing compounds was not significantly changed during the first 110 years of cultivation.     

Four desert waters: Setting arid zone wetland conservation priorities through understanding patterns of endemism

Long-lasting surface water in arid-lands provide oases for aquatic biota, but their values as biological refugia have rarely been assessed. This study identified and mapped permanent natural wetlands across the Eastern Lake Eyre Basin in Australia and classified them into four types: riverine waterholes, rockholes, discharge springs and outcrop springs. Waterholes are the most widespread and numerous source of lasting water, while springs and rockholes are confined to relatively discrete clusters. The characteristics of each wetland type are summarised, and their biological values compared by examining various scales of endemism for vascular plant, fish and mollusc species. Discharge springs contain an exceptional concentration of endemic species across all three lifeforms at a range of scales. Waterholes are critical drought refugia for native fish species that also utilise a vast network of ephemeral streams during and after floods. Rockholes and outcrop springs do not contain any known specialised endemics, although the latter have disjunct populations of some plants and fish. The existing knowledge of antiquity, connectivity and habitat differentiation of the wetland types is compiled and their role in determining biological endemism is discussed. Exotic fish are a major conservation issue, the recovery of the discharge springs should be paramount, and the intact network of permanent waterholes should be preserved. A focus on endemism, combined with an understanding of the biogeographical processes underlying the observed patterns provides an effective and systematic approach to setting priorities for regional biodiversity conservation.     

极旱荒漠区湿地植被动态变化监测——以甘肃敦煌阳关国家级自然保护区为例

利用1988—2016年共541幅Landsat 5 TM和Landsat 8 OLI影像,计算了极旱荒漠区中西土沟和渥洼池湿地植被（以芦苇为主）的归一化植被指数(NDVI),分别从NDVI,湿地植被面积和平均NDVI这3个方面对湿地植被特征进行分析,对敦煌阳关国家级自然保护区（以下称阳关保护区）内的渥洼池和西土沟湿地植被进行植被覆盖度估算,判断其变化。根据谷歌影像和现地调查,确定NDVI >0.1是识别西土沟和渥洼池湿地植被的最佳阈值,通过对保护区湿地植被的统计计算,研究其变化趋势。研究发现,渥洼池和西土沟的湿地植被都有明显的增加趋势。     

青海省三江源地区湿地退化现状与保护初议

通过对青海省三江源地区自然环境概况、水生态失衡状况的论述,分析了高原湿地退化的原因,对三江源湿地生态系统保护与修复的主要技术途径进行了阐述。同时列举了青海省在三江源湿地保护方面采取的经验与做法,为相同生态区保护和恢复湿地资源提供了一定的依据和借鉴。     

黑龙江省湿地植物资源特征及保护和利用

2009-2010年,利用"3S"技术和标准样方观测法,对黑龙江省湿地植物资源状况进行了研究和分析.结果表明,黑龙江省分布有高等湿地植物108科,311属,750种,其中包括苔藓植物23科37属76种,蕨类植物9科12属21种,种子植物76科262属653种.湿地植物群落可划分为6个植被型组,11个植被型,54个群系....     

九连山国家自然保护区贵州石栎的生长过程研究

[目的]了解贵州石栎的生长过程以挖掘其开发利用潜力。[方法]对九连山国家自然保护区天然阔叶林中的3株贵州石栎和1株野生杉木进行树干解析。[结果]贵州石栎具有早期速生的特性,且超过该地野生杉木的长势,后期胸径生长潜力较大。[结论]选择贵州石栎造林地时,宜避开湿地、湿润等地下水位过高湿地,幼龄抚育间伐宜创造一定的荫蔽环境,中龄期及以后则需保持一定的采光条件,减少种植密度以缩短培育期。