5种食用豆及其配比组合抗氧化性研究

以小豆、绿豆、豌豆、芸豆、豇豆等5种食用豆的15个品种为材料,从总抗氧化能力和羟自由基清除能力2个方面,研究食用豆营养保健的合理搭配。结果表明,参试各食用豆品种间抗氧化性存在较大差异,京农绿小豆的总抗氧化能力测定值最大,为0.365U/mg,定碗1号的羟自由基清除能力测定值最小值,为0.003U/mg;5种食用豆等量配比组合间存在显著差异,组合京农8号、冀绿9、食荚大菜豌1号、龙芸豆4号、中豇1号的总抗氧化能力测定值(0.452U/mg),比单一品种京农绿小豆测定最高值(0.365U/mg)有明显提高;总抗氧化能力和羟自由基清除能力测定结果均说明,不同种类食用豆组合在抗氧化性方面存在互作高效的特性;非等量配比,总抗氧化能力最高值可达到0.589U/mg,高于等量配比组合最高值0.452U/mg。食用豆合理搭配,可显著提高其抗氧化性方面的营养保健价值。     

Genomic best linear unbiased prediction method reflecting the degree of linkage disequilibrium

The degree of linkage disequilibrium (LD) between markers differs depending on the location of the genome; this difference biases genetic evaluation by genomic best linear unbiased prediction (GBLUP). To correct this bias, we used three GBLUP methods reflecting the degree of LD (GBLUP‐LD). In the three GBLUP‐LD methods, genomic relationship matrices were conducted from single nucleotide polymorphism markers weighted according to local LD levels. The predictive abilities of GBLUP‐LD were investigated by estimating variance components and assessing the accuracies of estimated breeding values using simulation data. When quantitative trait loci (QTL) were located at weak LD regions, the predictive abilities of the three GBLUP‐LD methods were superior to those of GBLUP and Bayesian lasso except when the number of QTL was small. In particular, the superiority of GBLUP‐LD increased with decreasing trait heritability. The rates of QTL at weak LD regions would increase when selection by GBLUP continues; this consequently decreases the predictive ability of GBLUP. Thus, the GBLUP‐LD could be applicable for populations selected by GBLUP for a long time. However, if QTL were located at strong LD regions, the accuracies of three GBLUP‐LD methods were lower than GBLUP and Bayesian lasso.     

基于创新能力培养的高校信息素质教育研究综述

培养创新型人才是当前中国高校教育改革和转型的目标,信息素质与创新能力培养二者相辅相成,可以起到相互促进的作用。当前学者的研究热点主要集中在创新能力培养和信息素质教育的基本概念、内涵,以及两者之间的关系,信息素质教育的现状和措施等方面。研究对改进信息素质教育,推进大学生创新能力培养具有深远的影响,为构建科学合理的创新能力培养教育模式开拓了新思路。     

糯玉米自交系光合特性的配合力分析

为了探讨糯玉米光合性状的遗传规律,利用8个糯玉米自交系(JN2、JN4、JN7、JN8、JN10、JN12、JN14、JN15)进行完全双列杂交,采用GriffingⅡ方法对糯玉米3个光合性状(光合速率、叶面积、叶绿素含量)进行配合力分析,并对其遗传参数进行估算.结果表明,光合速率受遗传因素影响较大(h2B=89.04...     

无瓣海桑人工混交林结构及幼苗天然更新能力

为探究无瓣海桑人工混交林在河口海湾的生态效应问题,采用样方法对福建省厦门市海沧湾16年生无瓣海桑与其它种类红树的人工混交林结构和幼苗天然更新扩散能力进行实地调查。结果表明:①该群落外貌简单、林相整齐、空间层次分层明显。位于乔木一层的是无瓣海桑,位于乔木二层的有无瓣海桑、秋茄、红海榄;位于灌木-小树层的有秋茄、红海榄和白骨壤;位于幼苗层的只有秋茄。②无瓣海桑在乔木层的重要值为35.1%,秋茄在乔木层、灌木-小树层和幼苗层3个不同层次的重要值均为最大。③该群落各多样性指数值均较低,灌木-小树层的各多样性指数值均比乔木层和幼苗层的多样性指数值高。④在4种不同类型样地调查幼苗扩散情况,均未发现无瓣海桑幼苗或历年生的幼树,而乡土红树植物秋茄在4种类型样地中均有幼苗自然生长,白骨壤在光滩中有发现幼苗生长。     

苦玄参提取物对广西麻鸡血清生化指标及免疫功能的影响

试验旨在研究日粮中添加苦玄参提取物对广西麻鸡血清生化指标及免疫功能的影响。选用1日龄广西麻鸡500羽,随机分为5组（A、B、C、D、E组）,每组设5个重复,每个重复20羽。其中A、B、C组为试验组,分别在基础日粮中添加0.70%,0.35%和0.175%的苦玄参提取物;D组为阳性药物对照组,在基础日粮中添加0.01%硫酸黏菌素预混料;E组为空白对照组,饲喂基础日粮,预试期3 d,正试期49 d。于21、35和49日龄时分别从每组抽取10羽试验鸡进行心脏采血,测定血清生理生化及免疫指标。结果显示：与E组相比,日粮添加苦玄参提取物对鸡的血清TP、GLU含量无显著影响（P>0.05）;但21和35日龄时,A、B、C组的TBILI含量均极显著或显著低于E组（P<0.01;P<0.05）;35日龄时,A、B、C组的血清AKP活性均极显著高于E组（P<0.01）,C组的GOT活性在21和35日龄时显著高于E组（P<0.05）;49日龄时,A、B、C组的IgG和B、C组IL-2含量均显著或极显著低于E组（P<0.05;P<0.01）,B组T-AOC显著高于E组（P<0.05）,A、B、C组血清GSH含量均显著高于E组（P<0.05）。由此可知,日粮中添加的苦玄参提取物显著降低了广西麻鸡的血清TBILI含量,并在一定程度上降低了IgG、IL-2和IL-6含量,提高了AKP和GOT活性及T-AOC和GSH含量。综合考虑,以0.35%的添加量效果最好。     

Genetic parameters for resistance against Flavobacterium columnare in Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus (Linnaeus, 1758)

Columnaris disease is a major cause of mortality in tilapia hatcheries and commonly occurs during the summer season in Thailand. One way of reducing the problem is by selective breeding for increased disease resistance. The objective of this study was to estimate quantitative genetic parameters for resistance against columnaris in the Chitralada 4 strain of Nile tilapia. Data from 43 full‐sib families (2,580 records) of fry (age = 32 ± 4 days post‐hatch) were used in the analyses. Initially, fry were subjected to bath challenge with Flavobacterium columnare (LD₅₀ concentration = 1.2 × 10⁶ CFU/ml) for 14 days. Disease resistance was defined as the number of days from challenge until death (DD) or as a binary trait (dead/alive) on day 14. Linear animal and sire‐dam models were used for DD, while threshold animal, threshold sire‐dam, binary linear animal and binary linear sire‐dam models were used for binary outcomes. Covariate effect of age, fixed effect of challenge day and random effects of the individual animals or sires and dams were included in the models. Mean survival was 32.4 ± 11.6%, and survival rates of the best and poorest families were 70% and 8%, respectively. The highest estimate of heritability (0.30 ± 0.025) was obtained under the threshold sire‐dam model. Heritability estimates for DD (0.16 ± 0.034 and 0.17 ± 0.046) were comparable to those obtained from the threshold animal (0.15 ± 0.031) and the binary linear (0.14 ± 0.045 and 0.15 ± 0.044) models. The linear animal and sire‐dam models for DD and the threshold sire‐dam models performed equally with similar values of r_EBV (0.629, 0.628 and 0.627) and accuracy of selection (0.793, 0.793 and 0.791). This study reveals the potential of selective breeding to increase disease resistance to F. columnare in the studied population of Nile tilapia.     

玉米自交系株型和产量性状的关系及其利用研究

以15个自交系为材料,按P(P-1)/2双列杂交设计,研究了株型和产量性状的遗传与相关.结果表明,近年育成的自交系,一般配合力有一定的改进,产量性状的一般配合力有明显的提高,各性状的一般配合力在亲本间存在显著差异.产量的一般配合力与单株叶数和穗粗的一般配合力存在极显著正相关。     

Development of Chinese Near-isogenic Line of Rice and Their Differentiating Ability of Pathogenic Races of Blast Fungus

The rice( Oryza L. ) variety, Lijiangxintuanheigu(LTH), is a universally susceptible variety. A set of near-isogenic lines (NILs) of rice which has single resistance gene for each line was developed by use of LTH as recurrent parent and Kusabue,Tsuyuake, K1, PiNo. 4, K60 and BL1, which are from Kiyosawa‘s differential varieties(KDV), as donor parents. Differentiating ability of these NILs to Philippine isolates was compared with that of their donor parents, KDV and IRRI‘ s NILs. The results of comparative studies were as follows: (1) Differentiating ability of Chinese NILs to Philippine isolates was much stronger than that of their donor parents and that of KDV. (2) Chinese NILs had similar ability to differentiate races to IRRI‘s NILs or higher differentiating ability than them. But IRRI‘s NILs almost had no differentiating ability to isolates from japonica rice-growing regions. They can not be used to differentiate races of isolates from japonica ricegrowing regions. Whereas, Chinese NILs can be used to differentiate races of isolates from both japonica ricegrowing regions and indica rice-growing regions. It was concluded that the set of Chinese NILs can be used as international differentials.     

赣中北“油稻稻”三熟制下头季稻叶片衰老频度对再生稻再生力的影响

为研究三熟制条件下适合种植的再生稻品种及头季叶片衰老频度对再生力特性的影响,在大田试验条件下,以10个杂交水稻品种为材料,比较分析了这些品种的再生力、再生季产量及头季衰老强度等若干性状。结果表明,头季不同品种结实率与再生季再生力呈正相关关系,相关系数为0.620,头季千粒重、叶干质量下降率、叶绿素含量下降率、产量与再生季再生力呈负相关关系,相关系数分别为-0.522、-0.516、-0.637、-0.676。再生季有效穗数与再生力呈显著正相关关系,与活芽率呈负相关,相关系数分别为0.757和-0.615。头季结实率、叶片叶绿素含量、产量,以及再生季有效穗数和千粒重是影响再生力的重要因素。综合两季产量和再生力特性来看,深两优5814、C两优608、准两优608、丰两优香1号等4个品种可以作为再生稻在江西中北部的三熟制条件下种植。