临沭县配方肥推广现状、存在问题及对策

通过对临沭县配方肥推广现状的进行调查,分析配方肥的市场潜力、推广应用现状及推广应用中存在的问题,并提出主要对策.     

农村宅基地闲置时空变化特征研究-以文登为例

本文在实地调研基础上，运用历史回顾方法探讨了文登市农村宅基地闲置的变化特征，结果发现:(1)1990－1996年间文登市农村宅基地闲置面积的扩展以点状扩展为主；(2)1996－2006期间文登市农村宅基地闲置面积以面状扩展为主；（3）在1990－1996－2006时段内，文登农村宅基地闲置扩展贡献率和增长率变化最大的是环山办、汪疃镇和龙山办地区；（4）人口减少、经济发展以及宅基地管理政策不完善，是文登农村宅基地闲置扩展的主因；最后认为加强农村宅基地管理、实现宅基地流转，是农村建设用地集约利用的必然。     

全国农技推广云平台及其应用前景分析

文章介绍了农技推广云平台的基本功能,根据社会需求和该平台在农技推广服务手段,农技推广管理方式以及新型农民培育方法上的创新分析了该平台的应用前景。     

光降解地膜在湛江蔗区的示范与推广

2005—2006年在湛江蔗区进行光降解地膜的试验示范及大田应用试验。结果表明,光降解地膜能够完全代替普通地膜,不会影响甘蔗产量及糖分的提高,示范区的光降解地膜降解失重率为7.58%～16.77%、大田应用区为11.26%～29.62%。并介绍了光降解地膜在湛江蔗区示范推广的主要措施。     

Large-scale sugarcane farmers' knowledge and perceptions of Eldana saccharina Walker (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), push–pull and integrated pest management

A push–pull strategy for controlling Eldana saccharina Walker is being promoted as part of an area-wide integrated pest management (AW-IPM) programme in the South African sugar industry. Understanding farmers' perceptions of pests and pest management can improve rates of adoption of pest management strategies, in particular for knowledge-intensive practices such as AW-IPM. Fifty-three large-scale sugarcane farmers were interviewed using a semi-structured questionnaire. Respondents recognised the threat which E. saccharina posed, and 83% had heard of push–pull and IPM. Ecozone delineations played a more important role in adoption decisions than demographic and general enterprise factors such as farmer age, experience and land tenure, supporting the suggestion that experiential learning activities with small, local groups of farmers are suitable for introducing new pest management strategies. Notwithstanding good basic knowledge of E. saccharina, push–pull and IPM which farmers demonstrated, there is still a need for more detailed and practical knowledge on the implementation of push–pull at farm level. This knowledge should be made available to farmers in a hands-on manner with an emphasis on locally-oriented field days and model farms. Eldana saccharina may not be a priority for all farmers in the region where surveys were conducted. However, farmers should not be allowed to become complacent about this pest, as its range is increasing. These results will be used to formulate future push–pull and AW-IPM dissemination activities amongst large-scale sugarcane farmers in South Africa.     

330kV兰州-西宁-格尔木青海段输变电的生态影响

运用类比分析法、图形叠置法对330kV兰州-西宁-格尔木青海段输变电线路两侧的动植物进行调查研究,分析了植被及农业经济损失,以及输变电工程施工期和运营期对野生动物的影响,并提出相应的补偿与保护措施。     

高速公路植被养护技术研究

通过对高速公路植被的养护技术进行研究，发现：修剪后的紫穗槐（Amorpha fruticosa）长势较小，且呈原球状，尤为美观。深根性的紫穗槐与草皮混栽，可破坏掉由单纯草皮形成的境界层，防止了边坡的滑坡及其它危害。在条件允许的情况下对枯黄草进行焚烧，是改良退化草皮的有效方法，但也会发生污染和火灾危险。移植的热性草坪生长速度快，在1年中已达到80％的郁闭度。使用乙烯利、2，4-D、烯效唑、青鲜素等均可对草坪生长产生抑制作用     

枣树优质丰产综合管理技术

应用土肥管理、整形修剪、病虫防治和保花保果综合优化管理技术,使150 hm2成龄低产枣树亩产提高150%,裂果率下降36%,虫果率控制在5%以下。     

Restoration and Rehabilitation of Arid and Semiarid Mediterranean Ecosystems in North Africa and West Asia: A Review

Mediterranean-type vegetation and ecosystems have undergone intense processes of degradation for decades, centuries, or millennia under heavy and prolonged pressure from human and livestock populations. An extensive literature on exclosures, afforestation, reafforestation, rehabilitation, and other regeneration operations over several million hectares in Mediterranean bioclimatic areas from the Atlantic Ocean to the Aral Sea, combined with 50 years of personal field experience, allowed us to draw a number of conclusions on the consequences of these efforts, constraints, and limitations: (1) Exclosure usually permits the restoration and biological recovery of vegetation structure, composition, biomass, and productivity in a time span of 3-5 years in steppic ecosystems and 25-30 years in coniferous or sclerophyllic vegeta tion areas. There are exceptions, however, when vegetation is so degraded to the level that it has reached a new metastable equilibrium, characterized, e.g., unpalatable range weeds, perennial dwarf ephemeroids, cryptogams, or soil surface sealing by raindrop splash or other physical or biological factors. (2) Controlled access and rationally managed utilization of the land may achieve similar and sometimes better results than full exclosure. (3) Afforestation and reafforestation are usually successful above the isohyet of 200 mm a-1 precipitation and, occasionally, at a lower annual precipitation, where the species introduced or reintroduced is appropriate and the causes for degradation have been discontinued or seriously mitigated. (4) Rehabilitation operations, including water and/or soil conservation, may quickly achieve spectacular results but at a higher cost and subjected to a number of constraints pertaining to the techniques utilized and adequate subsequent management. (5) The main constraint for success is the discontinuation of situations that have caused degradation. The most difficult to overcome usually are of a socioeconomic and/or sociocultural nature. The speed of biological recovery is commensurate (inter alia) with the rate to which this constraint is overcome. (6) The present land surface concerned with regeneration (restoration + rehabilitation) in this part of the world represents ca. 4 X 10 6 ha, representing some 6% of the actual ''forest and woodland'' in these areas. The National Regeneration Effort (NRE), a novel concept, is evaluated by using the ratio between the Annual Regeneration Expenditure (ARE) and both the Annual National Budget Expenditure (ANBE) and Gross National Product (GNP).     

Assessment of Agricultural Extension Agents’ Marketing-Related Services: Implications for Policy Makers in Ekiti State,Nigeria

This study assessed the marketing-related services performed by agricultural extension agents in Ekiti State, Nigeria. Data were collected from agricultural extension agents in the service of the State Agricultural Development Program. A questionnaire was administered to the agents during the fortnightly training meeting. Data were summarized with frequency, mean and percentages, correlation and regression analysis. Results of the study showed that the mean age of the agents was 39 years and the mean working experience was 9 years. A significant relationship exists between the perceived legitimate marketing-related services and the performed services (r = 0.413). Performed marketing-related services significantly correlate with qualification of the agents (r = 0.324), working experience (r = 0.301), number of farmers visited and transportation (r = 0.281, 0.280), respectively. The study concluded that policy makers should include agricultural marketing specialists in fortnightly training.