昆明市植被覆盖变化特征分析——基于Landsat遥感影像数据

以昆明市主城区及呈贡新区为研究区域,其于1992年Landsat 5 TM、2001年Landsat 7 ETM+、2014年Landsat 8遥感影像数据,运用归一化植被指数(NDVI)和植被覆盖度遥感定量模型,在ENVI 5.1、ArcGIS10.1软件的支持下,提取3个时相的植被覆盖度等级,定量分析了该地区的植被覆盖度变化情况.结果表明,昆明市主城区及呈贡新区植被覆盖等级以高植被覆盖为主;1992 ～ 2014年植被覆盖以高→中等、高→中高为主要转换类型;植被覆盖等级与环境、农业、城市建设政策息息相关.     

库布齐沙地人工生物结皮区植被恢复状况

[目的]调查库布齐沙地人工生物结皮区高等植被恢复状况,揭示人工生物结皮形成后高等植被群落演替过程。[方法]采用样方法对不同接种年份的人工生物结皮区高等植被的种类、数量、盖度进行系统全面的调查。[结果]共发现42种高等植物,分属于31属10科,优势种为油蒿、沙蓬、绳虫实、猪毛蒿、羊草、披碱草。随着人工生物结皮发育演替时间的延长,高等植被的种类、数量、盖度、生物量、物种多样性和均匀度也逐渐增大。[结论]在人工结皮区,高等植被群落的演替顺序为油蒿、沙蓬、猪毛蒿、羊草群落。     

基于landsat8的贵州省2015年农业干旱监测研究

在全球气候变暖背景下,干旱普遍发生,而农业干旱对国民经济发展的影响尤为明显,同时农业干旱还威胁着国家的粮食安全和生态安全。基于贵州省2015年不同季节的landsat8 OIL遥感数据,利用影像数据所获取的植被覆盖指数和地表温度数据,拟合植被指数(NDVI)和地表温度(LST)的特征空间,设计得到贵州省2015年春、夏、秋、冬四个不同季节的不同的土壤湿度,将TVDI作为监测农业干旱状况的指标,得到贵州省2015年的农业干旱时空分布图。结果表明,土壤含水率的高低与植被覆盖和地表温度有关,且TVDI更适宜中等植被覆盖的土壤湿度反演。贵州省2015年全年旱情较缓,各地区均不存在春旱或伏旱,只有冬季绝大部分地区土壤含水率较低,更有力地促进了农业干旱的发生。因此,对农业干旱的监测研究为贵州省农业干旱的监测管理提供有力依据,为今后减少农业干旱的影响和进一步促进农业社会经济可持续发展具有重要的现实意义。     

嵩明县石漠化现状与植被恢复措施探讨

喀斯特（Karst岩溶）地貌在嵩明广泛分布,占全县土地总面积的39．5％。嵩明县2006年以来开展了石漠化地区的植被恢复工作,取得了一定的成绩和经验。在嵩明石漠化现状调查的基础上,总结了开展石漠化治理植被恢复造林技术措施,分析存在的困难和问题,提出石漠化地区植被恢复综合治理的对策与措施建议,对喀斯特地貌的植被恢复有一定的参考意义。     

基于NDVI估算植被体散射的土壤水分反演研究

[目的]为通过植被指数方法进行土壤水分估算和旱情监测提供依据。[方法]以新疆渭干河-库车河三角洲绿洲为研究区,雷达数据和光学遥感数据相结合,对干旱区绿洲进行土壤和植被水分信息的提取。[结果]在同期光学遥感影像数据提取叶面积指数基础上,利用简化的“MIMIcs模型”从雷达数据总的后向散射中去除植被的影响,建立土壤后向散射系数与土壤含水量之间的关系。[结论]主被动遥感数据结合在干旱区土壤水分反演时去除植被影响有较好的效果。     

新巴尔虎右旗植被覆盖变化研究

利用ArcGIS和ENVI的栅格空间分析工具,采用叠置分析、线性趋势分析法、均值法等分析方法,选用2001～2016年每年5～9月MODIS NDVI数据和该研究区域行政区划矢量数据来研究新巴尔虎右旗16年间的植被覆盖变化,为该地区植被趋势研究和生态建设提供一定的科学依据.结果表明:2001～2016年间新巴尔虎右旗生...     

Soil nitrogen and denitrification potential as affected by land use and stand age following agricultural abandonment in a headwater catchment

Changes in vegetation and soil properties because of agricultural abandonment may affect soil nitrogen (N) and associated processes. We investigated soil N (total N: TN, inorganic N: NH₄–N and NO₃–N) and denitrification potential in cropland, pine plantations and abandoned agricultural land along a secondary succession sequence (grassland→shrubland→secondary forest) in a headwater catchment in the Qinling Mountains, northwest China. The results show that the soil denitrification potential differed significantly among the five land‐use types with the highest potential in the secondary forest, followed by grassland, shrubland, cropland and plantations. The denitrification potential of the 20‐ to 40‐cm layer was significantly lower compared with the topsoil (0–20 cm) across all land‐use types. TN, soil organic matter (SOM) and NH₄–N increased significantly with stand age, whereas there was an opposite trend in soil pH. However, the denitrification potential did not relate to stand age in a linear manner. We conclude that changes in soil TN, SOM and pH during vegetation succession following agricultural abandonment are critical controls on the denitrification potential.     

Postcards from the past: charting the landscape-scale conversion of tropical Australian savanna to closed forest during the 20th century

Repeated sequences of digitised and geo-referenced historical aerial photography provide a powerful means of understanding landscape change. We use this method to demonstrate a landscape wide expansion of closed forest (42% increase in total coverage) in the Australian monsoon tropics over the past five decades. Retrospective habitat suitability models (HSI) of closed forest derived using four landscape measures (drainage distance, slope angle, aspect and elevation) for imagery taken in 1947 correctly forecast the subsequent spatial distribution of the expansion, with topographic fire protection primarily determining the closed-forest distribution. The dynamics of the closed forest-savanna boundary were predicted accurately by generalised linear models, with closed-forest expansion in fire-protected sites along forest edges and regression in the more fire-prone areas. Two factors may plausibly explain the expansion of closed forests. First, eco-ethnographic records stress the skilful use of fire by Aboriginal people in protecting isolated and locally resource-rich closed-forest patches. Second, the recent global increase in atmospheric CO₂ may be changing the competitive balance between savanna and forest by enabling C₃ trees to grow fast enough to escape the fire trap presented by flammable C₄ grasses.     

Determining landscape extent for succession and disturbance simulation modeling

Dividing regions into manageable landscape units presents special problems in landscape ecology and land management. Ideally, a landscape should be large enough to capture a broad range of vegetation, environmental and disturbance dynamics, but small enough to be useful for focused management objectives. The purpose of this study was to determine the optimal landscape size to summarize ecological processes for two large land areas in the southwestern United States. We used a vegetation and disturbance dynamics model, LANDSUMv4, to simulate a set of nine scenarios involving systematically varied topography, map resolution, and model parameterizations of fire size and fire frequency. Spatial input data were supplied by the LANDscape FIRE Management Planning System (LANDFIRE) prototype project, an effort that will provide comprehensive and scientifically credible mid-scale data to support the National Fire Plan. We analyzed output from 2,000 year simulations to determine the thresholds of landscape condition based on the variability of burned area and dominant vegetation coverage. Results show that optimal landscape extent using burned area variability is approximately 100 km² depending on topography, map resolution, and model parameterization. Variability of dominant vegetation area is generally higher and the optimal landscape sizes are larger in comparison to those features determined from burned area. Using the LANDFIRE project as a case study, we determined landscape size and map resolution for a large mapping project, and showed that optimal landscape size depends upon geographical, ecological, and management context. This paper was written and prepared by U.S. Government employees on official time, and therefore is in the public domain and not subject to copyright. The use of trade or firm names in this paper is for reader information and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Department of Agriculture of any product or service.     

北洛河流域植被恢复的支撑体系

北洛河流域自实行退耕还林政策以来取得了显著成效,但是实践证明植被恢复不是简单的种树种草,必须要根据生态学原则合理种植,既要有技术支撑,还必须考虑到退耕后农民的生存问题,也就是粮食与能源的问题,并要保证农民有一定的经济收入,最后指出要解决好以上问题,必须靠国家政策的支撑。